单词 | court | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 | court1 nouncourt2 verb courtcourt1 /kɔːt $ kɔːrt/ ●●● S1 W1 noun Entry menuMENU FOR courtcourt1 for deciding about a legal case2 for playing a sport3 king/queen4 hold court5 pay court to somebody6 area next to a building Word OriginWORD ORIGINcourt1 ExamplesOrigin: 1200-1300 Old French, Latin cohors; ➔ COHORTEXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
THESAURUSIn a court► defendant Collocations the person who is on trial for a crime ► the defence British English, the defense American English the lawyers who are working for the defendant ► the prosecution the lawyers who are trying to prove that the defendant is guilty ► judge the official in charge of a court who decides how criminals should be punished ► jury a group of people, usually 12 people, who listen to the facts and decide whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty ► witness someone who describes in a court of law what he or she knows about a crime ► testimony a formal statement made in a court of law about a particular situation or action ► verdict the decision of the jury as to whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty Longman Language Activatorthe place where crimes or legal problems are judged► court also courthouse especially American a building where legal cases are officially judged: · A group of photographers and reporters gathered outside the court.· the United States Supreme Courtappear in court/appear before a court: · Benton appeared in court yesterday on three charges of assault.go to court (=officially ask to have a legal problem dealt with in a law court): · She says she will go to court to try to prove that she was unfairly dismissed from her job. ► courtroom a room where legal cases are officially judged: · A fight broke out in a London courtroom yesterday.packed courtroom (=full of people): · Roberts told a packed courtroom of the events that occurred on the night of the murder. the parts of the legal process► trial a legal process in a court, in which people try out find out whether or not someone is guilty of a crime: · The trial is due to take place next month at Wood Green Crown Court.be on trial (for something) (=to be judged in a court): · A man from Seattle is on trial for the murder.go on trial (=to begin being judged in a court): · A man was due to go on trial at Liverpool Crown Court later today accused of murdering his wife.awaiting trial (=to be waiting for your trial to start): · Drake is in a federal prison in Houston, awaiting trial on charges of cocaine trafficking.face trial (=wait for your trial to start): · Perelli faces trial later in the year on corruption and perjury charges.murder/rape/robbery etc trial: · On Tuesday, a judge rejected requests to televise the murder trial of Robert Caine. ► case a particular crime or legal problem that is judged in court: · They lost their case in the High Court and had to pay damages.murder/robbery/rape etc case: · Mathers called it the worst multiple murder case in the city's history. ► charge an official statement made by the police, saying someone has done something illegal: criminal charges (=official statements saying that someone has done something illegal): · Criminal charges were filed in October against Sorvino by the District Attorney's office.file charges (against somebody) (=start a legal process against someone): · On Tuesday, the police officially filed charges against Jeffers.murder/burglary/rape etc charges: · San Francisco police have arrested a 39-year-old man on murder charges. ► evidence the information, objects, documents etc that are used in a court to help to prove what really happened in a legal case: · Prosecutors believe they have enough evidence to convict Smith.· The government's case was based on evidence gathered over a two-year investigation.· The evidence proves clearly and beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty.piece of evidence: · The most important piece of evidence, the murder weapon, has not been found.give evidence (=tell a court what you know about a crime): · His former girlfriend was called to give evidence.give evidence against somebody (=tell the court things that help to prove someone is guilty): · Husbands and wives cannot be forced to give evidence against each other. ► verdict the decision that a judge or jury makes about whether someone is guilty of a crime or not: guilty/not guilty verdict: · The jury's not guilty verdict was criticized all over the country.reach a verdict (=finally decide whether someone is guilty or not): · Jurors were unable to reach a verdict after deliberating two hours Friday afternoon.return/hand down a verdict (=officially say whether someone is guilty or not): · The judge will hand down a verdict in January, the newspaper reported. ► sentence the official punishment that someone is given by a judge when a court decides that they are guilty of a crime, especially a period of time in prison: a 7 year/6 month etc sentence (=when someone has to go to prison for 7 years, 6 months etc): · Neale is finishing a three-month sentence for petty theft.maximum/minimum sentence (=the longest or shortest time that someone can be sent to prison for a crime): · If convicted of the charges against him, Blackburn could receive a maximum sentence of 30 years.pass sentence (=officially say what a criminal's punishment will be): · Judge Evans will pass sentence on the three men tomorrow.life sentence (=when someone is sent to prison for a very long time or for the rest of their life): · Croy is currently serving a life sentence for the 1992 rape and murder of an Iowa woman.death sentence (=when the punishment is death): · Richardson was convicted of murder and given a death sentence. the people in the legal process► judge the person in charge of a court, who knows a lot about the law and makes the official decision about what the punishment for a crime should be: · Everyone stood up as the judge entered the courtroom.· Judge Butler gave the defendant a six-month jail sentence.· The judge advised the governor that the law violated the First Amendment rights of teachers. ► jury a group of ordinary people, who listen to the people speaking at a trial, and then decide whether or not someone is guilty of a crime: · The jury was made up of seven women and five men.· Have you ever been on a jury?· The jury awarded Hayes $3.5 million in damages.jury duty/service (=a period of time during which you must be ready to be part of a jury if necessary): · I have been called for jury duty twice.hung jury (=a jury that cannot make a decision about whether someone is guilty or not): · Broderick's first trial last year ended in a hung jury.sit on a jury (=be a member of a jury): · Are people with criminal records allowed to sit on a jury? ► lawyer also attorney especially American someone who is trained in the law and who represents people in court: · You have to study for a long time to become a lawyer.· He refused to answer any questions until his lawyer came.defence lawyer British: defense laywer American (=a lawyer who tries to prove that a person is not guilty of a crime): · Defense lawyer Charles Grieshammer said he was not surprised by the verdict. ► defendant the person in a trial who is being judged guilty or not guilty of a crime: · The defendant pleaded not guilty.· According to the defendant, the heroin was destined for the New York City area. ► the accused someone who is trying to prove that they are not guilty of a crime that they are on trial for: · The accused is being held in the Pelham County Jail on charges of assault and battery.· According to the sixth amendment, the accused has the right to a fair and public trial. ► the defence British /the defense American the lawyers in a court who try to prove that someone is not guilty of a crime: · The defence plans to call only one witness to testify.· Today, the defence makes its final presentation to the jury.· Peres said the defense team would appeal the sentencing by Judge Bernardo Tirado. ► the prosecution the lawyers in a court who try to prove that someone is guilty of a crime: · The prosecution's first witness is expected to be one of the defendant's co-workers.· Speaking for the prosecution, Lipscomb said that both men should go to prison for the rest of their lives. ► witness someone who tells what they know about a crime in court: · Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward.· The witness was asked to identify the defendant in the courtroom.call somebody as a witness: · The congressman was called as a witness for the prosecution today. to bring someone to court to be judged► prosecute to officially say that someone has broken the law and bring them to a court of law to be judged: · Shoplifters will be prosecuted.· The Prime Minister pledged to do everything possible to prosecute those who carried out the bombing.prosecute somebody for something: · Baldwin was prosecuted in 1998 for distributing child pornography online.prosecute a case American: · Last year, Napolitano's office prosecuted 115 child abuse cases, the highest number in the nation. ► put somebody on trial to officially bring someone to a court of law to be judged: · A month after the murder, a man was arrested by police and put on trial.put sb on trial for: · The couple were put on trial for fraud and found guilty. to be judged in a court of law► be tried · The suspect will be tried within the next few weeks.· Patterson is being tried for the murder of a 30-year-old Oakland hairdresser.be tried for · The two women are being tried for drug smuggling. ► be on trial if someone is on trial , a court of law is trying to decide whether they are guilty or a crime or not: · Three men are now on trial after a series of terrorist attacks.· The accused was extradited to Miami earlier this year, and is currently on trial there.be on trial for: · Three men are on trial for illegally smuggling tropical birds into the country. ► stand trial formal to be judged in a court of law: · The judge ruled that Pinochet was too ill to stand trial in Spain.stand trial for: · Brady stood trial for the killings late last year.stand trial on: · An employee of the bank is due to stand trial on embezzlement charges in February. when a legal case is judged in court► come to trial if a serious legal case comes to trial , it is judged in a court of law: · The case won't come to trial until next summer.· The British press is not permitted to comment on a case until it comes to trial. ► come/be brought before the court if a legal case or a criminal comes or is brought before the court , they go to a court of law so it can be officially decided what further legal action should be taken: · He thinks his case will come before the court within the next few months.· The case was brought before the court by farmer Brad Morgan. ► be heard if a court case, a problem, or a complaint is heard , a judge or lawyer listens to it to decide what legal action should be taken: · Last year 2,047 cases were heard in the Hillbrow small claims court.· Yesterday counsel for both parties agreed the case should be heard on March 12. someone who is accused of a crime in a trial► the accused especially British the person or group of people who are officially accused of a crime or offence in a court of law: · The witness told the court that she had never seen either of the accused before.· The judge asked the jury if they found the accused guilty or not guilty.· The accused, Dorothy Jackson, was being held in the Tarrant County Jail on a charge of assault. ► defendant someone who is officially accused of a crime or offence in a court of law: · The police officer said the defendant had resisted arrest.· Each of the three defendants was convicted of conspiracy to commit murder. ► be on trial if someone is on trial , they have been accused of a serious crime in a court of law, and the court will judge whether they are guilty: · There were four defendants on trial, all sitting together in a line.be on trial for: · Hollins is on trial for corruption after admitting he accepted bribes. ► in the dock British if someone is in the dock , they are in a court of law because they have been accused of a crime: · In the dock at Craigavon Crown Court was Richard Ellis (21) who denies the murder. ► be up/be had up/end up in court to have been accused of a crime and be judged in a court of law: · He's been up in court several times before on charges of robbery with violence.· Anyone who's been had up in court will find it more difficult to get a job afterwards, even if they are innocent.· We need to be very careful about how we play this - we don't want to end up in court. a place where you do a sport► field a large area of ground, usually covered in grass, where team sports are played: · The crowd cheered as the players ran onto the field.baseball/football/sports etc field: · The football field was too muddy to play on, so the game was cancelled· Some open spaces north of the city will be made into sports fields for leisure activities.playing field: · Several school playing fields have been sold off to raise money. ► pitch British a sports field: · Some of the fans rushed onto the pitch at the end of the matchcricket/football etc pitch: · The village has attractive playing fields, with a football and cricket pitch. ► court an area with lines painted on the ground, where two people or teams play a game such as tennis or basketball: · The courts are floodlit at night so that you can play all the year round.tennis/basketball/squash etc court: · The new leisure complex has a sauna, jacuzzi, swimming pool and tennis courts. ► leisure centre/complex British a building where you can do various different sports: · The council is planning to build a multi-million pound leisure centre outside the town. ► gym a building where there are machines that you can use to do exercises that make you fitter and stronger, or where you can do exercise classes etc. A gym is also a large room that is built especially for sports to be played in, for example in a school or university: · I've just signed up for an exercise class at the gym.· Ed goes to the gym to do weight training several times a week.· It was raining, so we had to play football in the gym this afternoon. ► pool/swimming pool a place where you can swim, consisting of a large hole in the ground that has been built and filled with water, either outdoors or inside a building: · The house, with its own tennis court and swimming-pool, is for sale at £700.000.· There's an open air pool at Woodstock that's great when it's really hot.· What we want is a hotel with a big heated pool, in case it rains. ► stadium a large sports field with seats all around it, where people go to watch sports: · The stadium has a capacity of at least 10,000.football/baseball/sports stadium: · Denver has a new airport, a new baseball stadium, and a reputation as a good place to live. WORD SETS► Sportace, nounace, verbacrobat, nounacrobatic, adjectiveacrobatics, nounaction replay, nounaerobic, adjectiveaim, nounaim, verball-American, adjectiveall-seater, adjectivearena, nounAstroTurf, nounattack, verbaway, adverbaway, adjectiveback, nounbackhand, nounbackhanded, adjectivebackhander, nounbackspin, nounball, nounball game, nounbaseline, nounbat, nounbench, verbbleachers, nounblock, nounbobble, verbbout, nounbowl, nounbowl, verbbowling alley, nounbowling ball, nounbowling green, nounbox, nounbox, verbboxer, nounbronze, nounbronze medal, nounbye, nouncall, verbcall, nouncap, verbcaptain, nouncaptain, verbcaptaincy, nounchange, verbchanging room, nouncheer, nouncheerleader, nouncheerleading, nounchip, nounchip, verbcircuit training, nounclose season, nounclubhouse, nouncoach, nounconference, nouncontender, nouncourse, nouncourse, verbcourt, nouncover, verbcross, verbcross, nouncross-country, adjectivecrown, nouncup, nouncup final, nouncup tie, nouncurve, noundead, adjectivedecider, noundefence, noundefend, verbdefender, noundefensive, adjectivederby, noundisallow, verbdisqualify, verbdivision, noundivot, noundown, adverbdraft, noundraw, verbdraw, noundribble, verbdribble, noundrive, noundrop, verbdrop goal, noundropkick, noundrop shot, noundrubbing, noundugout, nouneleven, numberequalize, verbequalizer, nouneven, adjectiveevent, nounface, nounfast, adjectivefavourite, nounfeint, nounfield, verbfielder, nounfieldsman, nounfield sports, nounfight, verbfight, nounfighter, nounfinalist, nounfirst half, nounfirst-string, adjectivefixture, nounflat, adjectiveflip, nounfollow-through, nounfootball, nounfootwork, nounform, nounfoul, nounfoul line, nounfriendly, adjectivefull-court press, nounfull time, nounfumble, verbgala, noungame, noungame point, noungate, noungoal, noungoalie, noungoalkeeper, noungoalless, adjectivegoal line, noungoalmouth, noungoalpost, noungoaltender, noungold, noungold medal, noungrand slam, noungrandstand, nounground staff, noungym shoe, noungymslip, nounhalf, nounhalfback, nounhalf nelson, nounhalf-time, nounhammer, nounhandball, nounhand-eye co-ordination, nounhandicap, nounhandspring, nounhandstand, nounhat trick, nounhead start, nounheat, nounheavy, adjectivehiding, nounhome, adjectivein, adverbinfield, nouninjury time, nouninterference, nouninternational, nounjersey, nounjock, nounjockstrap, nounjogging suit, nounjump, nounjump ball, nounjumper, nounjumping jack, nounjump shot, nounjunior varsity, nounlane, nounleague table, nounletter, nounletter, verblevel, verblineman, nounlinesman, nounline-up, nounlocker, nounlocker room, nounluge, nounmallet, nounmanager, nounmark, verbmassacre, nounmassacre, verbmatch, nounmedal, nounmedallist, nounmeeting, nounMexican wave, nounmidfield, nounmisfield, verbmixed doubles, nounmotocross, nounmotor racing, nounmuff, verbmusclebound, adjectivemuscleman, nounnet, nounnet, verbnetball, nounnil, nounno ball, nounoarsman, nounoarswoman, nounobstruction, nounoffense, nounoffensive, adjectiveoffside, adjectiveOlympiad, nounOlympic, adjectiveOlympic Games, the, onside, adjectiveopener, nounopponent, nounout, adverbout, nounoutdistance, verboutsider, nounoverarm, adjectiveoverhand, adjectiveown goal, nounpacesetter, nounpass, verbpass, nounPE, nounpenalty, nounpep rally, nounperiod, nounphoto finish, nounphysical education, nounpitch, nounplace kick, nounplayable, adjectiveplay-by-play, nounplayer, nounplaying field, nounplay-off, nounpoint, nounpole, verbposition, nounpossession, nounpost, nounpreliminary, nounpro-am, nounprofessionalism, nounpromote, verbpromotion, nounPT, nounpull, verbpull-up, nounpummel, verbpunchbag, nounqualifier, nounqualify, verbquarter-final, nounrace, verbracetrack, nounracing, adjectiveracket, nounrain check, nounrally, nounrecord, nounrecord-holder, nounrecreation ground, nounref, nounreferee, nounreferee, verbregatta, nounrelay, nounrelay race, nounrelegate, verbreplay, verbreplay, nounrerun, verbreserve, nounretire, verbreturn, verbrevenge, nounringside, nounroll, nounrookie, nounround, nounround robin, nounrunner, nounrunner-up, nounrun-up, nounsave, verbsave, nounscore, nounscore, verbscorer, nounscratch, verbscratch, adjectivescreen, nounscrimmage, nounselector, nounsemi, nounsemi-final, nounsemi-finalist, nounsemi-professional, adjectiveserve, verbserve, nounserver, nounservice, nounset, nounshoot, verbshoot, nounshot, nounsideline, nounsilver, nounsilver medal, nounskate, nounskipper, nounslaughter, verbslice, verbslick, nounslump, nounsnowmobile, nounsnowshoe, nounsomersault, nounsouthpaw, nounspar, verbsparring partner, nounspectate, verbspectator, nounspectator sport, nounspin, nounsports centre, nounsports day, nounsportsmanship, nounsporty, adjectivespot, verbsprint, verbsquad, nounstadium, nounstagger, verbstart, nounstarter, nounstarting blocks, nounstayer, nounstick, nounstraight, nounstrip, nounstroke, nounstud, nounsub, nounsudden death, nounsweatband, nounsweatpants, nounsweat suit, nountackle, verbtackle, nountalent scout, nountarget, nounteam-mate, nounthree-legged race, nounthrow, nounthrust, verbtie, nountiebreaker, nountight, adjectivetime, verbtimekeeper, nountime out, nountitle, nountitle holder, nountopspin, nountoreador, nountour, nountournament, nountrack, nountrain, verbtransfer fee, nountrophy, nountryout, nounumpire, nounumpire, verbunbeatable, adjectiveundecided, adjectiveunderarm, adverbunderhand, adverbunplaced, adjectiveuppercut, nounvarsity, nounvolley, nounvolley, verbwalking, nounwarm-up, nounwet suit, nounwhippet, nounwhistle, verbwhistle, nounwin, nounwing, nounwinger, nounworkout, nounwristband, noun COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYphrases► a court of law Phrases· You may be asked to give evidence before a court of law. court + NOUN► a court case (=a problem or crime that is dealt with in a court of law)· a recent court case involving the death of a baby ► a court order (=an instruction that someone must do something)· A court order specified that the money must be paid back over six months. ► a court ruling (=an official decision)· The company appealed against the court ruling. ► court action (=a court case)· He was threatened with court action. ► court proceedings (=the processes that are part of a court case)· The court proceedings were over in a day. verbs► go to court (=take legal action)· The costs of going to court are very high. ► take somebody to court (=take legal action against someone)· She took the company to court for sex discrimination. ► bring somebody/something to court (also bring somebody/something before a court)· Three teenage girls were brought before the court for robbing an elderly woman. ► appear in court· A man has appeared in court charged with cruelty to animals. ► a case comes to court/comes before the court· The case came to court 21 months later. ► a court hears a case· The county court will hear the case next month. ► settle something out of court (=reach an agreement without using a court)· The matter was finally settled out of court. ► a court rules/orders/holds something· The court ruled that the penalty was not excessive. ► a court clears/acquits somebody (=says that they are not guilty)· A US court cleared him of bribery allegations. ► a court convicts somebody (=says that they are guilty)· A New York court convicted her as a tax cheat. ► a court upholds something (=says that an earlier decision was right)· It seems likely that the court will uphold his conviction. ► a court quashes/overturns something (=says that an earlier decision was wrong)· A Brazilian court has quashed a 19-year jail sentence. ► a court adjourns a case/trial etc (=stops dealing with it for a period of time)· The court adjourned the trial until June 21st. ► a court dismisses/throws out something (=refuses to allow or consider something)· The court dismissed his appeal against conviction. ADJECTIVES/NOUN + court► a criminal court (=for cases about crime)· Two French magistrates ruled that he should stand trial in a criminal court. ► a civil court (=for cases about disagreements)· Eviction proceedings take place in a civil court. ► a Crown Court (=a British court for cases about serious crimes)· The defendant went to the Crown Court for sentencing. ► a High Court (=an important court, with more power than an ordinary court)· Their convictions were upheld in the High Court. ► an appeals court/court of appeal (=dealing with cases in which people are not satisfied with a decision)· The appeals court rejected the defence’s argument. ► the Supreme Court (=the most important court in some countries or US states)· Thomas was the only African-American justice on the Supreme Court. ► a federal court (=a national court rather than a state court) ► a county court (=a local court) ► a magistrates’ court (=a court in each area in England and Wales that deals with less serious crimes) ► a kangaroo court (=an unofficial court that punishes people unfairly)· The army reportedly held kangaroo courts and executed alleged rebels. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► court action· The couple are still considering whether to take court action. ► the appeal court British English, the appeals court American English· The ruling was reversed in the appeal court. ► appear in court The three men are due to appear in court tomorrow. ► appear before a court/judge/committee etc She appeared before Colchester magistrates charged with attempted murder. ► a court case· There was a lot of publicity surrounding the court case. ► a case comes/goes to court· When the case finally came to court, they were found not guilty. ► a case comes before a judge/court· The case came before the federal courts. ► common-law rules/courts/rights etc► coroner’s court the coroner’s court ► a courting couple old-fashioned (=having a romantic relationship, often planning to get married later)· The path by the river is a popular area for courting couples. ► a criminal court· The trial will take place in an international criminal court. ► a divorce lawyer/court (=one dealing with divorce)· She's a famous New York divorce lawyer. ► federal judge/high court judge etc (=a judge in a particular court) ► in open court The case will be tried in open court (=in a court where everything is public). ► a court order (=when a judge in a court says you must do something)· Now they’re faced with a court order that could force them to leave. ► court popularity (=try to be popular by pleasing people)· It is tempting for politicians to court popularity. ► settle out of court (=come to an agreement without going to a court of law)· She talked to a lawyer and settled out of court with her former employer. ► an out-of-court settlement (=an agreement made to avoid a court case)· The army denied liability but agreed on an out-of-court settlement. ► stand up in court Without a witness, the charges will never stand up in court (=be successfully proved in a court of law). ► the trial court· The evidence will be fully tested in the trial court. ► ward of court She was made a ward of court. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► appellate· The forthcoming appeal against conviction of Lord Hardwicke will therefore provide an opportunity for the appellate courts to reconsider the position.· Last May, an appellate court allowed the city to seize two buildings.· The appellate court may then make the order if it thinks fit.· The appellate court, the department said Friday, was wrong.· Other documents must be filed and served as soon as practicable, subject to any direction of the appellate court.· Earlier this year federal appellate courts struck down the New York and Washington laws.· If upheld in appellate court the case could form an important precedent in family law.· Too often a trial becomes a contest between the trial judge and the appellate court, and justice is forgotten. ► civil· Figure 1.1 represents the civil court structure and Figure 1.2 represents the criminal court structure.· The lawsuits seek not only to stop sales of the product but also civil penalties, court costs and refunds for buyers.· Ignored was the consideration that interrogators of prisoners do not come forward as witnesses against themselves before police boards or civil courts.· For the moment, these religious courts work in tandem with Soviet-style civil courts.· Relevant well-established civil court case law is based on the general provisions of the Civil Code relating to the conclusion of contracts.· The Woldemariams have a wrongful death case against Broadus and Lee pending in civil court.· He said the country's criminal and civil courts were creaking at the seams in spite of efforts to shore them up.· Martial law can not operate where civil courts are open. 20. ► criminal· The Council also had powers as a criminal court in matters arising out of its administrative duties.· I organized political protests, but also got two appointments from federal criminal courts.· Figure 1.1 represents the civil court structure and Figure 1.2 represents the criminal court structure.· Since then, Pepper has focused his efforts on gaining a trial in criminal court.· Here are some of the most recent criminal court cases.· The answer is that a few big city criminal courts did become clogged with drug cases in the seventies and eighties.· The victim does not have a special place in the criminal court.· A criminal court which admitted such a defence would never hear the end of it. ► federal· A federal court has ordered that this must be done by June 1st; voters have already turned down one plan.· Burroughs filed a patent infringement suit in a North Carolina federal court.· A federal appeals court has lifted the injunction, allowing for extraditions until the constitutionality of the statute is decided next year.· A federal appeals court upheld the ban, approved by California voters in 1996.· In a New York case, a federal district court found that a nonprofit educational service agency was guilty of copyright violations.· In fact, a federal bankruptcy court in 1994 refused to allow asbestos claims to go forward against Jim Walter.· He was to be arraigned in federal court in San Francisco in the afternoon. ► high· The House of Lords may be the highest court in the land, but it hears comparatively few appeals each year.· The high court will hear arguments in the case later this year.· By 1994 or so, solicitors in independent practice will have rights of audience in the higher courts.· The dispute reached the high court in two similar cases that produced opposite results.· Probation officers may also become part of the process as may legal representatives, judges, juries and the higher courts.· They judged only minor cases; more serious matters were referred to the higher courts.· An appeal against his conviction for possessing cannabis was quashed, after a High court ruled there was no evidence against him.· The high court did not release information about which justices were on either side of the vote. ► low· The case received wide publicity when a habeascorpus petition was upheld by two lower courts.· The immigration case was not one of them, so the lower court ruling stands.· A lower court has already dismissed their cases.· A lower federal court ruled that, irrespective of the circumstances, such disciplinary action is never permitted without a prior hearing.· For such cases the Report argues that legal aid should be available as in the lower courts.· The decision is mischievous at best and will surely confuse the lower courts.· Circuit in Atlanta unanimously dismissed great-uncle Lazaro Gonzalez's appeal of a lower court ruling earlier this year.· Overturning a lower court, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals said the trial should go forward. ► open· It's a question that lawyers representing the two Hitachi employees wanted to pursue in open court.· Of the prospective jurors questioned, only six were dismissed in open court.· This requirement is appropriate in a Public Order Act, and resolves the point left open by the court in Ambrose.· He also has sealed transcripts of the entire jury selection process, even the sessions held in open court.· The hearing was in chambers and judgment was delivered in open court.· He was interviewed by Judge Patrick King in his chambers, but did not testify in open court.· The summons was heard in chambers but judgment was given in open court at the request of the parties.· I am giving this judgment in open court at the request of all parties. ► royal· Until well into the sixteenth century the royal court and its functionaries were peripatetic.· That he might elevate her into the imaginary ranks of some royal court of whiteness.· Numerous conflicts within the kingdom were thus centred upon the royal court.· There were court musicians whose exact relation to the family or to any royal court was predictably fuzzy.· This was the moment when the Deiran royal court was destroyed.· They had influence in the imperial and royal courts: they were the pope's permanent delegates.· Most of their business was transacted in the royal court, whose physical setting dictated the rituals of supplication and patronage.· Indeed it is more than likely that Desiderius was encouraged in his actions by the royal court. ► supreme· Gen Musharraf has promised to keep to a supreme court ruling that requires him to hold general elections by October 2002.· I could flip through a fifty-page state supreme court decision on deadline and call in a story from a pay phone.· The farmers are carrying on the work in defiance both of cantonal regulations and a supreme court injunction ordering them to stop.· The state supreme court advised the governor that the law violated the First Amendment rights of teachers.· The supreme court of Florida is welcome to them.· The most important of these moves was the appeal to the supreme court, which is unlikely to rule before next week.· The supreme court president, Hernan Alvarez, has yet to make public the court's decision. NOUN► action· The Financial Statement was a voluntary arrangement, which aimed to avoid court action.· The court action continues Burroughs' exclusive hold on the drug through at least 2005.· Repeated court action to evict the protesters has failed: they refuse to give their names and origins.· It was placed on hold because of the court action.· It would take another protracted court action and many years of protest before the Front finally wound down.· The Independent Television Commission threatened court action if it was not restored to its original time.· She is now thought to have picked up £250,000 in court actions around the world. ► appeal· Its contribution is particular rather than general, and some have questioned whether there is a need for two levels of appeal court.· If the appeals courts reverse the case, the whole procedure begins all over again.· The appeal court, overturning this conviction, found him guilty only on what was described as the lesser charge of genocide.· A federal appeals court ruled in James's favor.· Fawehinmi's conviction on the contempt of court charge was quashed by the appeal court in July.· Because of that conclusion, the appeals court did not address whether the association's recruiting rule violated the First Amendment.· The appeal court granted permission last December for those points to be argued on appeal.· Then, last Friday, a federal appeals court lifted the ban on blocking e-mail. ► case· The incident leading to the court case had been sparked by a beer bottle being thrown at him the previous night.· Ten years before that, Gray won a federal court case that held blacks could not systematically be excluded from juries.· Officials often complained that the victim of cattle theft preferred paying the ransom to instituting a court case.· The risks of a court case also have to be in the forefront of your mind.· When this was the case, the owner had no option but to accept his loss or institute a court case.· The large number of court cases in which the complainant dropped the prosecution is an indication that many cases were settled informally. ► county· There are different forms of the request available from the county court depending upon the nature of the action.· Water control was administered by highly autonomous irrigation districts which were under the legal jurisdiction of the county courts.· The assistant recorder, sitting in the county court, refused leave to introduce the counterclaim and made an order for possession.· Conciliation facilities are available in the county courts where you go for the divorce.· The procedure before the county court is of course swifter and cheaper than an application before this court.· Two county court judgments against his company ordered him to paya total of nearly £ 13,500.· There seems no good reason why the same should not apply before county court proceedings are brought.· For county court purposes interest should be claimed pursuant to s 69 of the County Courts Act, 1984. ► crown· A CROWN court judge is considering recommending the deportation of a man convicted of deception.· James Forster, 68, of Manfield, near Darlington, was convicted of seven offences at Teesside crown court.· We were on remand for about three months and then we were up at the Crown court.· I was terrified Voice over Nottingham Crown court heard medical evidence showed Fisher took no sadistic pleasure in violent attacks on women.· The only appeal is to a crown court judge.· All three elected crown court trial and the cases were adjourned by Liverpool magistrates until June 24.· The case continues at the city's crown court. ► decision· By law, political parties could be banned only by a court decision, which had not been received.· Blacks knew that every peaceful march and favorable court decision was being answered with acts of officially sanctioned violence.· Indeed, for the majority of these propositions there is no authority in the sense of legislation or court decision.· Two subsequent court decisions reiterated the Court of Appeals' ruling.· Bates' attorney, Joseph Remcho, said he was confident the prior court decisions would stand.· The court decision prohibits the destruction of books and records, and freezes the defendants' assets.· Recent court decisions have ruled that using all-white models in real estate ads sends a discriminatory message to other races. ► district· To put these contentions into effect the applicant made two applications in the district court to which the cases had been transferred.· The Supreme Court agreed with the district court that the Texas abortion statutes violated her right of privacy.· In Co Longford a district court judge urged local nightclubs to close for a week.· The district court upheld the plan but was reversed by the court of appeals.· In addition, district courts were given the power to imprison these men for up to four years.· The district court recognized that the Alabama statute violated the establishment clause as construed by the Supreme Court.· All Supreme Court cases and selected district court cases were prosecuted by a government official.· And so, Your Honor, if you bind my client over for trial to the district court, I will understand. ► judge· High court judge Arifin Jaka said it was only a detail.· The Pikes appealed to a juvenile court judge, who ruled in their favor.· The only appeal is to a crown court judge.· Rather than increasing the sentence, three appeal court judges substituted a three-year probation order requiring him to undergo treatment or counselling.· In Co Longford a district court judge urged local nightclubs to close for a week.· Three appeal court judges reserved judgment.· Therefore he held that the court had no jurisdiction to review the decision of the county court judge for error of law.· Last month three Court of Appeal court judges refused to overturn the libel jury's verdict. ► law· The law courts are venal and can take decades to decide a case.· Demonstrators taking part in a sit-in in front of the law courts were beaten up by police.· The law courts are also having a field day.· It was in this period too that a club's control over a player was first challenged in the law courts.· People preferred the more formalized and anonymous procedures of the law courts.· It has law courts, government offices and a university.· After successive delays, aided by the law courts, the new deadline for payment is Thursday.· The law courts, with their outside staircase, are also impressive. ► order· In granting the county court order, Judge Geoffrey Vos said the families' affidavits showed they feared for their children.· She said he had not complied with a court order, issued in late 1993, to pay her.· Creditors have applied for a court order to take over and sell the building.· A court order would simply bar the attorneys from releasing the transcripts.· The area named in the court order has been used by gypsies but is earmarked for a new £125m business park.· The school board, stymied, asked the federal court for an exemption from contempt proceedings for not executing the court order.· In 1983, Mrs Victoria Gillick sought a court order to rule the latter order of priorities illegal. ► state· A few months later, a state court sentenced Heber to four additional years.· The lawsuit, filed Tuesday in state court in Houston, seeks unspecified damages.· There is no previous Supreme Court ruling on this subject, although state courts have made conflicting judgments since the 1970s.· The appeal would have to be filed within a year of exhausting state court appeals.· Medtronic Inc. v. Lohr: Federal law does not prevent patients from suing manufacturers of defective medical devices in state courts.· The federal court system already offers no discretionary challenges to potential jurors, and state courts could follow suit.· Most capital cases are handled by state courts.· The railroad brought suit in state court on interstate-commerce grounds and won. ► tennis· For the more energetic, tennis courts and a golf course are available nearby.· There are also tennis courts, a bowling green and an air-conditioned gymnasium with a regulation-sized basketball court.· Sports facilities include a swimming pool and 4 tennis courts.· It boasts a hot tub, tennis court, heated pool and several smashing views of the Potomac.· The area round the school houses the library, tennis courts, a children's play area, and a bowling green.· There are tennis courts, and golf is available nearby.· The horses were there, and tennis courts and a croquet ground where competition was fierce. VERB► appear· Four people had appeared in court on Monday on the same charge.· Hall said, but an arrest warrant was issued after Hall failed to appear in court on the charge.· Other men will appear in court this month.· Biehl and Green are scheduled to appear in court Feb. 22.· Daniel Omara Atubu was reportedly badly beaten after his arrest and showed physical signs of ill-treatment when he appeared in court.· He's expected to be charged shortly and will appear in court tomorrow.· Read in studio A man has appeared in court accused of attacking a woman in a graveyard.· Meanwhile scores of rebel sup porters appeared in court as prosecutors pressed the first charges stemming from the coup attempt. ► apply· Shariia is strictly applied by religious courts, and even the punishments for violations of the law are specified in the Koran.· Similar considerations apply in the county court which also has the power to award costs.· The child may apply to the court for his solicitor's appointment to be terminated.· To start that procedure, the authority applies to a magistrates court for a summons.· The formal rules of evidence that apply in courts do not apply in tribunals.· Liberty to apply to county court.· There seems no good reason why the same should not apply before county court proceedings are brought. ► bring· Thirteen others arrested during the ferment are being brought before the courts in two batches.· The railroad brought suit in state court on interstate-commerce grounds and won.· A debtor who did that and swore that his all amounted to less than £5 would be brought before a court.· If violations can not be satisfactorily resolved, the U. S. Department of Labor may bring action in court to compel compliance.· His solicitors were only told at 9am he was being brought back to court.· It brought before the courts novel questions of the appropriate limits of congressional inquiry.· What brings you here to court so hastily?· Assistance is only available to those who are able to bring relevant proceedings to court in their own right. ► hear· Ninety-eight percent of all criminal cases are heard in the latter courts.· A suit filed by Don King to clear the way for the Tyson-Bruno fight will be heard in federal court.· The settlement, which concluded four months of negotiations, obviated the need for the separate cases to be heard in court.· He plays defense, a word Iverson has only heard in court.· Most criminal cases are heard by magistrates' courts.· Shoppers were surprised to hear about today's court case. ► hold· He had held his Christmas court at Talmont, north of La Rochelle, and distributed gifts on a lavish scale.· Leffingwell even held probate court there.· She caused a few titters when she said she'd held the court in the church for the convenience of all parties.· Instead, he could hold court for his many buyers in his studio garage.· He then returned to hold his Christmas court at Saintes.· While neither team can truly hold home court advantage here, each actually has its own floor surface. ► settle· Preston says the tribe is looking at a precedent set in a similar incident litigated and settled out of court.· Others have been settled out of court.· In frustration, she talked to a lawyer and settled out of court with her former employer.· The two sides announced that they had settled out of court.· The suit was settled out of court.· Kildare, £600 to settle out of court.· Riney countersued her for slander, and the two settled out of court. ► tell· Mr Rawley told the court that he had received full details of the scientific tests carried out by the Ministry that morning.· The seventh of nine children, Wiedman told court officials he, too, was molested as a child.· He told the court that as Newton pulled away, he kicked out while they were still on the ground.· Prosecuting lawyer Tessa Kitson told the court of several more incidents in which attempts were made to cash stolen cheques.· Adams told the court he had been out drinking but had no more than three pints.· Two of the accused nurses told the court they were forced to confess to an international conspiracy under torture.· She had been expecting a lift which failed to materialise, defending solicitor Mark Blundell told the court.· She also told the court that he'd heard he'd threatened to blow his head off. PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► the court 1for deciding about a legal case [countable, uncountable] the place where a trial is held, or the people there, especially the judge and the jury who examine the evidence and decide whether someone is guilty or not guilty: It could not be proved in a court of law. The court case lasted six weeks. Four people will appear in court today, charged with fraud. The court ruled that no compensation was due. She threatened to take the magazine to court (=take legal action against them) if they didn’t publish an immediate apology.2for playing a sport [countable] an area made for playing games such as tennis → field, pitchsquash/tennis/basketball etc court Can you book a squash court for tomorrow?on court The players are due on court in an hour.3king/queen a)[countable] the place where a king or queen lives and works: the royal courts of Europe b) the court the king, queen, their family, and their friends, advisers etc: Several members of the court were under suspicion. There was a taste in court circles for romantic verse. Court officials denied the rumours.4hold court formal to speak in an interesting, amusing, or forceful way so that people gather to listencourt to Dylan was holding court upstairs to a group of fans.5pay court to somebody old-fashioned to give someone a lot of attention to try and make them like you6area next to a building [countable] a courtyard → the ball is in somebody’s court at ball1(7), → be laughed out of court at laugh1(6), → food courtCOLLOCATIONSphrasesa court of law· You may be asked to give evidence before a court of law.court + NOUNa court case (=a problem or crime that is dealt with in a court of law)· a recent court case involving the death of a babya court order (=an instruction that someone must do something)· A court order specified that the money must be paid back over six months.a court ruling (=an official decision)· The company appealed against the court ruling.court action (=a court case)· He was threatened with court action.court proceedings (=the processes that are part of a court case)· The court proceedings were over in a day.verbsgo to court (=take legal action)· The costs of going to court are very high.take somebody to court (=take legal action against someone)· She took the company to court for sex discrimination.bring somebody/something to court (also bring somebody/something before a court)· Three teenage girls were brought before the court for robbing an elderly woman.appear in court· A man has appeared in court charged with cruelty to animals.a case comes to court/comes before the court· The case came to court 21 months later.a court hears a case· The county court will hear the case next month.settle something out of court (=reach an agreement without using a court)· The matter was finally settled out of court.a court rules/orders/holds something· The court ruled that the penalty was not excessive.a court clears/acquits somebody (=says that they are not guilty)· A US court cleared him of bribery allegations.a court convicts somebody (=says that they are guilty)· A New York court convicted her as a tax cheat.a court upholds something (=says that an earlier decision was right)· It seems likely that the court will uphold his conviction.a court quashes/overturns something (=says that an earlier decision was wrong)· A Brazilian court has quashed a 19-year jail sentence.a court adjourns a case/trial etc (=stops dealing with it for a period of time)· The court adjourned the trial until June 21st.a court dismisses/throws out something (=refuses to allow or consider something)· The court dismissed his appeal against conviction.ADJECTIVES/NOUN + courta criminal court (=for cases about crime)· Two French magistrates ruled that he should stand trial in a criminal court.a civil court (=for cases about disagreements)· Eviction proceedings take place in a civil court.a Crown Court (=a British court for cases about serious crimes)· The defendant went to the Crown Court for sentencing.a High Court (=an important court, with more power than an ordinary court)· Their convictions were upheld in the High Court.an appeals court/court of appeal (=dealing with cases in which people are not satisfied with a decision)· The appeals court rejected the defence’s argument.the Supreme Court (=the most important court in some countries or US states)· Thomas was the only African-American justice on the Supreme Court.a federal court (=a national court rather than a state court)a county court (=a local court)a magistrates’ court (=a court in each area in England and Wales that deals with less serious crimes)a kangaroo court (=an unofficial court that punishes people unfairly)· The army reportedly held kangaroo courts and executed alleged rebels.THESAURUSIn a courtdefendant the person who is on trial for a crimethe defence British English, the defense American English the lawyers who are working for the defendantthe prosecution the lawyers who are trying to prove that the defendant is guiltyjudge the official in charge of a court who decides how criminals should be punishedjury a group of people, usually 12 people, who listen to the facts and decide whether the defendant is guilty or not guiltywitness someone who describes in a court of law what he or she knows about a crimetestimony a formal statement made in a court of law about a particular situation or actionverdict the decision of the jury as to whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty
court1 nouncourt2 verb courtcourt2 verb [transitive] Verb TableVERB TABLE court
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► courted ... disaster Phrases To have admitted this would have courted political disaster. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► court action· The couple are still considering whether to take court action. ► the appeal court British English, the appeals court American English· The ruling was reversed in the appeal court. ► appear in court The three men are due to appear in court tomorrow. ► appear before a court/judge/committee etc She appeared before Colchester magistrates charged with attempted murder. ► a court case· There was a lot of publicity surrounding the court case. ► a case comes/goes to court· When the case finally came to court, they were found not guilty. ► a case comes before a judge/court· The case came before the federal courts. ► common-law rules/courts/rights etc► coroner’s court the coroner’s court ► a courting couple old-fashioned (=having a romantic relationship, often planning to get married later)· The path by the river is a popular area for courting couples. ► a criminal court· The trial will take place in an international criminal court. ► a divorce lawyer/court (=one dealing with divorce)· She's a famous New York divorce lawyer. ► federal judge/high court judge etc (=a judge in a particular court) ► in open court The case will be tried in open court (=in a court where everything is public). ► a court order (=when a judge in a court says you must do something)· Now they’re faced with a court order that could force them to leave. ► court popularity (=try to be popular by pleasing people)· It is tempting for politicians to court popularity. ► settle out of court (=come to an agreement without going to a court of law)· She talked to a lawyer and settled out of court with her former employer. ► an out-of-court settlement (=an agreement made to avoid a court case)· The army denied liability but agreed on an out-of-court settlement. ► stand up in court Without a witness, the charges will never stand up in court (=be successfully proved in a court of law). ► the trial court· The evidence will be fully tested in the trial court. ► ward of court She was made a ward of court. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► case· Groups with a grievance could take their cases to court.· As a result of this incident, Mailloux was dismissed and took his case to court.· The firms that will be most affected will be those which have a high number of cases going to court.· As a result, the school penalized the student publishers, and they took their case to court.· Ramdoo was suspended from duty, the home was placed under independent control and the case progressed slowly to court.· Federal law forbids a union member from taking his own case to court.· When the case gets to court, it may turn out that Mrs Dennis was not alone in receiving unwelcome attention.· The Brady case may provide court conservatives another chance to limit the power of the federal government in state and local affairs. PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► court danger/death etc 1to try hard to please someone, especially because you want something from them: His campaign team have assiduously courted the media.2court danger/death etc formal to behave in a way that makes danger etc more likely: To have admitted this would have courted political disaster.3be courting old-fashioned if a man and a woman are courting, they are having a romantic relationship and may get married: That was back in the 1960s when we were courting.4 old-fashioned if a man courts a woman, he spends time being nice to her because he hopes to marry her
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