单词	target
释义	target1 nountarget2 verb targettar‧get1 /ˈtɑːɡɪt $ ˈtɑːr-/ ●●● S2 W2 AWL noun [countable] Entry menu MENU FOR targettarget1 aim2 object of attack3 object of an action4 shooting5 target audience/group/area etc6 target language Word Origin WORD ORIGINtarget1 Origin: 1200-1300 Old French targette, from targe ‘small shield’ Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Holding a US passport makes these tourists a prime target for terrorists. I set myself a target of learning 20 new words each week. Kay was the target of a noisy demonstration in which 54 people were arrested. Our target is the release of all political prisoners. The target for the appeal is £20,000, all of which will go to children's charities. The bomb missed its target by several kilometres. The commonly used roads are the targets of heavy fire. The Communist Party has become the main target for critical attack among left wing intellectuals. The company will reach its target of 12% growth this year. The GIA continued its attacks on civilian targets. The government is struggling to reach its original target of $23 billion in spending cuts. The Institution has been the target of terrorist attack several times. We produced 16,000 cars this year, but our target was 17,500. When the plane gets to the target area, it drops the missile and returns to base. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS But just into the third there was movement around the target area. He set the wage levels, the production targets, the safety standards, and he really planned the whole industry. Hiring at the three previous centers took about twice as long as the company's 60-day target, Norden said. How can they achieve maximum or target levels of profits or sales without precise information concerning their revenues and costs? It has been given the lowest efficiency target in the country by the Government's new Passenger's Charter. Now, by budget resolutions, it establishes targets in May and final ceilings in September. The company, named for a friend who died from an infection, would search for new targets for antibiotics. Thesaurus THESAURUS► aim something you hope to achieve by doing something: · The main aim of the plan was to provide employment for local people. ► goal something important that you hope to achieve in the future, even though it may take a long time: · The country can still achieve its goal of reducing poverty by a third. ► target a particular amount or total that you want to achieve: · The company is on track to meet its target of increasing profits by 10%. ► objective the specific thing that you are trying to achieve – used especially about things that have been officially discussed and agreed upon in business, politics etc: · Their main objective is to halt the flow of drugs.· We met to set the business objectives for the coming year. ► ambition something that you very much want to achieve in your future career: · Her ambition was to go to law school and become an attorney.· Earlier this year, he achieved his ambition of competing in the Olympic Games. Longman Language Activatora person or place that is attacked► victim someone who has been attacked: · In most sexual offences, the attacker is known to the victim.· The victim was shaken, but physically unharmed.murder/rape/torture etc victim: · The program was grossly insensitive to Holocaust victims.· One of the bombing victims was dead on arrival in hospital.victim of: · She had been the victim of a particularly vicious attack.· victims of domestic abuse ► target a person or place that someone, especially a military group, has chosen to attack: · The bomb missed its target by several kilometres.military/civilian target: · The GIA continued its attacks on civilian targets.target zone/area: · When the plane gets to the target area, it drops the missile and returns to base.target of: · The Institution has been the target of terrorist attack several times.· The commonly used roads are the targets of heavy fire.prime target (=very obvious and probable target): · Holding a US passport makes these tourists a prime target for terrorists. ► be under attack if an army or place is under attack , it is being attacked: · The rebels are under attack and may surrender at any time.be under attack from: · At first, he thought the Pacific Fleet was under attack from German forces.come under attack (=begin to be attacked): · We were united by a sense of national pride when our country came under attack. easy to attack► vulnerable easy to attack, damage, or enter by force: · His victims are vulnerable young women. · Ground floor windows are particularly vulnerable and secure locks should be fitted.vulnerable to: · The tanks' positions made them vulnerable to enemy gunfire. ► sitting duck someone who is very easy to attack because they cannot move or they can only move very slowly: · The troops in their bunkers were sitting ducks for enemy missiles.· We were like sitting ducks, our only defense a small shed surrounded by a few concrete blocks. ► be an easy target to be very easy to see or find and therefore easy to attack: · I knew that in our current position, we were an all-too-easy target for thieves and bandits.make an easy target: · Women living alone make easy targets for robbers. to be criticized► come in for criticism · The unions came in for strong criticism from the government after the strike.· Caro came in for a lot of criticism for his biography of the late president. ► be under attack/fire to be severely criticized, especially in public: · Banks are under attack for their refusal to reduce interest rates on loans to small businesses.come under attack/fire: · His theories came under attack from other scientists.· The police department has come under fire for the recent rise in violent crime. ► get/take a lot of flak informal to be criticized a lot for something: · Ferguson's been getting a lot of flak for the team's poor performance recently.· The immigration department is taking a lot of political flak for not moving faster to help the refugees. ► be open to criticism if someone or something is open to criticism , there are good reasons for criticizing them: · The general is open to criticism for his handling of the war.· Current reforms in the legal system may be open to criticism if they appear to be undemocratic. ► be in the firing line British /be on the firing line American to be the person who is most likely to be criticized for something, even if you are not the only person who is responsible for it: · As head of the police department, Hall is constantly on the firing line.· When you're in the firing line, it's tempting to avoid making difficult decisions. ► target an organization, person in authority etc that is criticized, especially by a lot of people: target of: · Kay was the target of a noisy demonstration in which 54 people were arrested.target for: · The Communist Party has become the main target for critical attack among left-wing intellectuals. what you want to achieve when you do something► purpose the reason you do or plan something, and the thing you want to achieve when you do it: · The games have an educational purpose.purpose of: · The purpose of the experiment is to find better ways of treating battlefield wounds.the main purpose (=the most important purpose): · The main purpose of the meeting is to discuss who will be in the team.somebody's purpose in doing something: · My purpose in writing this book was to draw attention to the problem of global warming.for the purpose of (doing) something: · There is no penalty if the quarterback deliberately throws the ball out of bounds for the purpose of stopping play.for this/that purpose: · Read up on starting a small business. Loans can be obtained for this purpose. ► aim something you hope to achieve: · Increasing student awareness of the issue is one of our aims.political/business/economic etc aim: · Membership of NATO is one of the country's long-term political aims.the aim is to do something: · The organization's aims are to provide food for homeless people and help them find somewhere to live.· The aim was to enroll all children in schools close to their homes.aim of: · The aim of the bombers was to destroy public property and get maximum publicity. ► point the purpose of something that you are doing or planning - use this especially when someone does not understand what the purpose is: point of: · The point of the experiment is to show how this chemical reacts with water.the whole point (=exactly the purpose of doing something): · The whole point of this TV show is to get you to buy Simmons' exercise videos.see the point of something (=understand why someone does something): · I can't see the point of travelling all that way and then only staying for one day.miss the/somebody's point (=not understand why someone does something): · You're missing my point completely - I'm not talking about restructuring the departmentwhat's the point? (=use this when you think there is no good reason for something): · Too many of these kids think, "What's the point of going to college?" ► idea the effect or result that you hope to achieve by doing something - use this especially when you are doubtful whether that effect or result can be achieved: · We make toys that are both fun and educational - at least that's the idea.the idea is to do something: · The idea of the centre was to provide a place where old people could go during the day.the idea behind something: · The idea behind the commercials is that reading is as cool and entertaining as their favorite bands. ► objective formal the thing that someone is trying to achieve, especially in business or politics: · The report focused on three of the business's objectives.business/military/political objective: · State your business objectives clearly.the objective is to do something: · The objective of this computer game is to design a city.achieve an objective: · The President believes that all military objectives have been achieved.main/primary objective: · The company's main objective is to keep recyclable material out of landfills. ► object the intended result of a plan, action, or activity, especially when this may be difficult to achieve: the object is to do something: · In this game the object is to score as many points as you can in the time given.object of: · The object of the search was to find a small plane that has been missing for two days.the object of the exercise (=the object of whatever you are doing): · The object of the exercise is to keep kids in school, rather than let them leave without graduating. ► goal what a person, organization, or country hopes to achieve in the future, even though this might take quite a long time: · School children have definite goals towards which they can work.the goal is to do something: · Her goal is to find a company willing to donate money for research.goal of: · The goal of the partnership is to improve his company's profit margin.reach/meet a goal: · The Red Cross has reached its goal of raising $1.6 million for relief. ► target the exact result that a person or organization intends to achieve by doing something, often the amount of money they want to get: · The target for the appeal is £20,000, all of which will go to children's charities.· Our target is the release of all political prisoners.meet/reach/achieve a target: · The government is struggling to reach its original target of $23 billion in spending cuts. ► end the result that a person or group is trying to achieve, especially when this is bad or dishonest: political/personal etc ends: · Racial tensions in Fiji were exaggerated for political ends by leaders of the opposition.the end does not justify the means (=the way that someone tries to achieve something is wrong, even if what they want to achieve is good): · The demonstrators' ends do not justify their means. something that you want to achieve in your life► dream something very special that you want to do and that you think about a lot, especially something that is not very likely to happen: somebody's dream is to do something: · Her dream was to go to Hollywood and become a movie star.dream of doing something: · After the accident, Clarke had to give up his dream of becoming a racing driver.somebody's dream comes true (=they finally do what they want): · Last year her dream came true and she was offered a chance to study in America. ► ambition something which you want to achieve in the future, especially in your work, and which you will try hard to achieve: somebody's ambition is to do something: · Her ambition was to go to law school and become an attorney.achieve/fulfil your ambition (=finally do what you wanted to do): · Earlier this year, he achieved his ambition of competing in the Olympic games. ► goal something important that a person, company, or government hopes to achieve in the future, even though it may take a long time: achieve/reach a goal: · By 1975, they had achieved their goal of providing free education for every child.somebody's goal is to do something: · Our goal is to become the biggest-selling brand of coffee in the country.short-term goal/long-term goal (=one that you hope to achieve soon/a long time in the future): · I took a job as a teacher with the long-term goal of becoming a principal of a school. ► target a particular amount or total that you want to achieve, for example an amount of products you must sell or produce: · We produced 16,000 cars this year, but our target was 17,500.achieve/reach/meet a target: · The Government is struggling to reach its target of $23 billion in spending cuts.set (somebody) a target (=say what the target is): · I set myself a target of learning 20 new words each week. ► aspirations a word meaning the important things that people want from their lives, used especially when you are talking about all of society or large groups within it: · A government should reflect the hopes, values and aspirations of society.· the aspirations of the people of Eastern Europeaspirations for: · What are our aspirations for the future?· The parents have very high aspirations for their children.career/democratic/economic/political etc aspirations: · a handsome and rich young senator with presidential aspirationshigh aspirations: · The immigrants who came to settle in America were determined people with high aspirations. WORD SETS► Military action stations, nounaide-de-camp, nounairborne, adjectiveaircraft carrier, nounairlift, nounallied, adjectivearmour, nounarms control, nounarms race, nounarray, verbassault course, nounAWOL, adjectivebalance of power, nounbandmaster, nounbandsman, nounbase, nounbattle, nounbattle, verbbattle cry, nounbattlefield, nounbattlements, nounbeachhead, nounbivouac, nounblackout, nounblast, verbblitz, nounblockade, nounblockade, verbblockhouse, nounbloodshed, nounbody bag, nounbody count, nounbomb, verbbombard, verbbombardment, nounbomb disposal, nounboot camp, nounbowman, nounbreastplate, nounbridgehead, nounbunker, nouncall-up, nouncannonade, nouncapability, nouncaptain, nouncapture, nouncarrier, nouncashier, verbcenotaph, nounchief of staff, nouncitation, nouncivil defence, nounC.O., nouncommand, nouncommand, verbcommandant, nouncommander, nouncommander in chief, nouncommand post, nouncommissariat, nouncommissary, nouncommission, nouncommissioned officer, nounconquer, verbconquest, nounconscientious objector, nounconscript, verbconscript, nounconscription, nounconvoy, verbcookhouse, nounCorp., corporal, nouncorps, nouncounterinsurgency, nouncounterintelligence, nouncountermand, verbcounter-revolution, nouncourt-martial, nouncourt-martial, verbcross, noundawn raid, noundeath camp, noundemilitarize, verbdemobilize, verbdeploy, verbdetonate, verbdisarm, verbdisarmament, noundispatch, noundraft board, noundraft card, noundraft dodger, noundraftee, noundress uniform, noundrum major, noundump, nounechelon, nounencamp, verbenemy, nounengage, verbengagement, nounenlist, verbenlisted, adjectiveexchange, nounex-serviceman, nounex-servicewoman, nounfield, verbfirst lieutenant, nounfirst strike, nounflak jacket, nounflash, nounfort, nounfortress, nounfoxhole, nounFPO, front, noungas mask, noungeneral headquarters, nounGHQ, nounguardhouse, nounheadquarters, nounhigh command, nounHQ, nounincursion, nounindefensible, adjectiveinsignia, nouninstallation, nouninsubordination, nounintelligence, nouninternment, nouninvade, verbinvader, nouninvasion, nounkit bag, nounKP, nounlieutenant, nounline, nounMaj., major, nounmajor general, nounman, nounmarch, verbmarch, nounmarch-past, nounmarshal, nounmassacre, nounmassacre, verbmess, nounmess, verbmilitarism, nounmilitarized, adjectiveMilitary Academy, nounMilitary Cross, nounmilitary service, nounmilitia, nounmilitiaman, nounminuteman, nounmission, nounMP, nounmutineer, nounmutinous, adjectivemutiny, nounnational service, nounNATO, nounNCO, nounno-man's-land, nounnon-aggression, nounnon-aligned, adjectivenon-combatant, nounobjective, nounobservation post, nounoccupation, nounoccupy, verboffence, nounoffensive, adjectiveoffensive, nounofficer, nounoperation, nounorderly, nounoutflank, verboutpost, nounoverthrow, verboverwhelm, verbpact, nounpadre, nounparade, nounparamilitary, adjectiveparapet, nounpartisan, nounpassword, nounpatrol, nounperilous, adjectiveperiscope, nounpillbox, nounpincer movement, nounpost, verbPOW, nounpre-war, adjectiveprisoner, nounprisoner of war, nounPurple Heart, nounpush, nounputsch, nounPX, nounquarter, verbquartermaster, nounquell, verbR & R, nounraid, nounraid, verbrank, nounrebellion, nounrecapture, verbreconnaissance, nounreconnoitre, verbrecruit, verbrecruit, nounreinforce, verbrelieve, verbRemembrance Day, nounrepel, verbrequisition, verbretake, verbretire, verbretreat, verbretreat, nounreview, nounreview, verbribbon, nounsabre-rattling, nounsally, nounsalute, verbsalute, nounsalvo, nounsamurai, nounscorched earth policy, nounscout, nounscout, verbscramble, verbsecond lieutenant, nounsentinel, nounsentry, nounsentry box, nounsergeant, nounsergeant major, nounserviceman, nounservicewoman, nounSgt., shell, verbshelling, nounsiege, nounskirmish, nounstaff officer, nounstaging area, nounstandard-issue, adjectivestar, nounstation, nounstation, verbstrategic, adjectivestrategist, nounstrategy, nounstripe, nounstronghold, nounsuperpower, nounsuppress, verbsurgical strike, nounsurrender, verbsurrender, nountactical, adjectivetarget, nountarget, verbtask force, nountattoo, nountheatre, nountrench warfare, nountripwire, nountruce, nounturret, noununarmed, adjectiveunoccupied, adjectivevalour, nounveteran, nounvolunteer, nounvolunteer, verbwar chest, nounwar crime, nounwar cry, nounwar dance, nounwar effort, nounwarfare, nounwarhorse, nounwarlike, adjectivewarlord, nounwar memorial, nounwarmonger, nounwarrant officer, nounwarring, adjectivewarrior, nounwar-torn, adjectivewar widow, nounwar zone, nounwounded, adjectivezero hour, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY Meaning 1verbs► meet a target (=achieve what you want to achieve)· The government wants to meet its target of building three million new homes by 2020. ► reach/achieve/hit a target (=meet it)· They achieved their target with just days to spare. ► set a target · The company has set ambitious business targets. ► exceed a target (=achieve more than you wanted to)· We have exceeded our target of £200,000. ► fall short of a target (=achieve less than you wanted to)· Car production at the plant has fallen short of its target by 5%. ADJECTIVES/NOUN + target► ambitious/high · The targets they have set themselves are hugely ambitious. ► modest (=not very high)· The Kyoto Protocol set fairly modest targets for reductions in greenhouse gases. ► achievable/realistic · The target is achievable, but only by hard work. ► a financial target · Both businesses exceeded their financial targets. ► a sales target · I’m confident we will meet our sales target by the end of the year. ► a growth target · The company’s growth targets have been achieved for the last three years. target + NOUN► a target date · There is no target date set for completion of the new project. ► a target figure · The government has set a target figure of 6.2% Meaning 2adjectives► a prime target (=the most suitable or most likely to be chosen)· Sporting events could become a prime target for terrorists. ► the main target · The rebel-held town is one of the main targets for U S troops. ► an easy/soft target · Some criminals now regard churches as easy targets. ► a sitting target (=someone who is easy to attack)· In the open, the soldiers are sitting targets. ► somebody’s intended target · The gunman missed his intended target. ► a military target · The group insists that its bombs were directed against military targets. ► a civilian target · The army denied it had attacked civilian targets. ► a legitimate target (=one that it is fair to attack)· The rebels claimed that trains carrying soldiers are a legitimate target. verbs► attack a target · They have attacked military targets such as army camps and airfields. ► hit a target · Not every bomb hit its target. ► miss a target · All of the missiles missed their target and no-one was killed. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► the target audience (=the type of people a programme etc aims to attract)· The target audience is mostly men aged 28 to 35. ► easy target  The soldiers on the streets are an easy target for terrorists. ► hit ... target  The bomb failed to hit its target. ► moving target  an archer learning to hit a moving target ► performance targets · Several train operators failed to meet the performance targets. ► target practice (=practice shooting at something)· The area is used by the army for target practice. ► production levels/targets etc ► a realistic goal/target · Set realistic goals for yourself. ► reduction targets · The agreement set strict reduction targets for carbon emissions. ► a sales target · It achieved only 20% of its sales target. ► fall short of a goal/target/ideal  The economy fell short of the Treasury’s target of 2% growth. ► somebody’s target weight (=the weight someone is trying to be)· I’ve reached my target weight. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► easy · It's always sad when a figure of fun, an easy target for a laugh, disappears into oblivion.· It was a natural and easy target for newspapers.· Such an organization would have been an easy target for Labour's disciplinarians.· That makes them easy targets for mining industry recruiters.· You can see so little as you blunder on that you are an easy target for any animal seeking fresh meat.· So we opt for cheap grace, and easy targets, instead.· Well, the reader may say, he's small fry, an easy target.· Young people are an easy target. ► financial · Each year business managers draw up a budget and suggest a series of financial targets.· Then we need to set a measurable financial target.· Objectives were still too diffuse to be encompassed within the scope of financial targets.· Indeed, tighter financial targets increasingly conflicted with the consensual political decision to maintain a certain size of railway system.· Both governments also attempted to control the financial demands of the railways by strengthening the framework of financial targets and constraints.· To this rather limited extent, the methods seem unexceptionable. Financial targets came in earlier, in the 1961 White Paper.· We have also set some demanding but attainable financial targets.· We made every financial target they set us. ► main · The main target is striped dolphin, because it is the easiest to capture.· Brown main target Brown was speaker of the Assembly and had been in the Legislature for three decades.· The main target for pirates are computer games that run on microcomputers.· If we had drilled that prospect, we would have missed our main target.· With bigger fish in serious decline, mackerel, sardines and anchovies are now the main targets.· The civilian became the soldiers' main target.· Dace and roach on the Salmon Hall stretch but chub main target to big baits.· The first main targets are the central government buildings and the radio station. ► obvious · Dysart was an obvious target: ex-Navy, Ministry of Defence, outspoken in support of the Union.· New auditors are for ever charging at birth as an obvious target.· Far from being impartial, he had an obvious target.· Clearly the review might shift this balance making pensions the obvious target.· My cousin was simply the easiest and most obvious target.· Child benefit may be another obvious target for the departmental review.· It has been an obvious target for economy-minded governments.· They were an obvious target for hungry birds and were easily picked off. ► prime · The prime target market, then, is seen to be pre-retirement.· Although nationally distributed boxes do not change fronts often, the regional ones do, making them a prime target for collectors.· The cults would be the prime targets: their acolytes would be dispersed, their leaders bought off or incarcerated.· It was clear the police were looking for reporters, that they were prime targets.· The law and order section is a prime target for every kind of scam.· It should shrivel in ineptitude.. Prime target.· All of these conditions are making hospitals a prime target for reform. ► soft · First, an overwhelming urge to find a market researcher and kick him or her hard on a soft target area.· First, Barak was no soft target. NOUN► area · First, an overwhelming urge to find a market researcher and kick him or her hard on a soft target area.· The plan was not area specific, thus loans and grants would simply be made available in all eligible first-year target areas.· But just into the third there was movement around the target area.· We know the terrain in the target area is complicated, rugged.· The approach involves identifying variations in the functioning of target areas and relating those variations to known differences in cortical function.· After completing one circuit, each bird dives out of the sky into the aquatic target area.· For details of schemes in the target areas and general advice on rural out-of-school schemes, ring her.· Finally, the plan registered a clear commitment to limit program benefits to the designated target areas. ► attainment · Pupils with physical disabilities Pupils with physical disabilities should in general have the same attainment targets and programmes of study as their peers.· All of the attainment targets can be assessed at various levels, with corresponding programmes of study leading towards them.· Good historical practice will usually ensure that the attainment targets are covered many times over in the course of the work.· On several occasions we spent weekends working furiously hard in small groups at drafts of attainment targets and programmes of study.· For each attainment target we have recommended statements of attainment and programmes of study at up to 10 levels.· Therefore, we do not recommend that there should be a handwriting attainment target after level 4.· This means that teachers must try to think simultaneously about the attainment targets and the statements of attainment within the levels. ► audience · Most of its students are the provincial poor, the target audience of leftist guerrilla groups.· The key is to analyze the target audience, Half said.· It is worth reiterating here the point that the media offer a means of influencing your target audiences.· The team rejected traditional Biblical phrasing, figuring they would be unfamiliar or unappealing to the target audience.· But, as Mr Malik kept reminding him, this was not the target audience of the school.· The key target audience for the reports was overwhelmingly stated as being the company's own employees. ► company · The offeror will then be obliged to bid to acquire all the shares in the target company.· It may be used to acquire control of a target company as an alternative to a takeover offer.· The result is that the shareholders in the target company become the majority shareholders in the acquiring company.· The target company will also assemble a similar team in a contested bid.· X, an officer at Kleinwort Benson, telephoned D and told him that the target company had accepted a new offer.· In determining whether the City Code applies it is the nature of the target company which is relevant.· Stage 3: Additional criteria would be defined and agreed with the client to compile the shortlist of target companies.· The requirement for disclosure of information in the proposed Directive is aimed at protecting the interests of shareholders of the target company. ► date · The target date has now been moved to 1 January 1994.· December 1998 is the target date for completion of all the improvements.· The absence of a target date by which the Protestant/Catholic unemployment differential would be significantly reduced is partly explained by this.· The target date to begin providing services is July.· It may be that August 1 would now have to be a more realistic target date.· Mr Mates replies that the target date for doing so at Belfast Prison is not until the year 2000.· The long-awaited supercomputer had been promised for last year, but the target date was later pushed back to October 1993.· The target date has been postponed to 2015. ► group · The corollary of tax breaks for target groups and desirable business behaviour is the need for identification and proof of qualification.· I think gay people have become a target group for people who no longer target racial minorities.· The other major target group is those hospitalised with infectious illnesses.· Providing prevention materials to state health departments will ensure that target groups have ready access to such materials.· Passport schemes are a price discrimination device which allows subsidies to be directed towards target groups.· The drinks industry circulates briefing packs consisting of audio and visual material to its target groups.· As far as coverage is concerned, this comes out of the definition of the target group and the media available to reach it.· The differences, where there are any, will be dictated by the target group of learners and their particular needs. ► growth · As a result, in the 1987 Budget, the growth target for M3 was formally abandoned.· The government has said it will revise down its initial 2. 8 percent growth target in coming weeks.· Objectively the chances of reaching the Chancellor's 3 percent growth target in 1994 are mixed at best.· The most lengthy and energetic discussion occurred around financial goals because both groups had surprised themselves by setting very high growth targets.· From 1968 onwards, the growth targets became somewhat lower but continued to be too optimistic.· The Bundesbank officially bases its interest rate policy on M3 growth and sets a growth target each year.· The growth target for M3 will remain at 5 percent a year in the medium-term, Trichet said. ► language · Decide from the very beginning that your aim is to use the target language as much as possible in the sessions.· This creates additional problems of target language suitability, problems which have yet to be solved.· Is the contact of the learner with the target language group likely to be intermittent rather than extensive?· For this reason, spoken language interpreters are specifically trained to reject the effects of their utterance of the target language.· This can happen when the target language has a grammatical category which the source language lacks.· You can use a camera in the classroom to let learners see and hear themselves communicating in the target language.· Differential grammar enables us to determine some of the main grammatical difficulties involved in learning the target language.· Module 1 is designed for beginners ie those with no prior knowledge of the target language. ► market · The prime target market, then, is seen to be pre-retirement.· Each make had the performance, appearance, and handling characteristics suited to the lifestyle and needs of its target market.· You are not a target market.· But the manufacturers of meat substitutes say vegetarians are a small niche in their target market.· If the product is a child's toy then the target market will clearly be important.· In a marketing sense, you seek 100 percent share of your target market.· Unfortunately, the target market also want to smoke at every available opportunity.· Housing activists argue the agency could sell more houses if it were more adept at reaching its target market. ► practice · It is merely target practice using live targets.· He knew that on these streets young kids with guns used people on the sidewalks for target practice.· Firstly in a country full of guns it doesn't do to stand there asking to become target practice.· A downtown establishment has always made for satisfying target practice.· After sundown, a bit of target practice on the estate, using his collection of sophisticated weapons.· For the cynics of the world, Philip Gould is easy target practice.· It ensured that no trigger-happy missile controller would fail to observe the safety precautions and attempt a little target practice.· Prisoners taken were blinded, mutilated, dragged behind the hooves of horses and used as target practice by archers. VERB► achieve · How can they achieve maximum or target levels of profits or sales without precise information concerning their revenues and costs?· The tendency to achieve planned targets by whatever means is well known in other Eastern block countries.· Your own work objectives will, in turn, help to achieve these targets.· The new group did not in fact achieve its target of 100,000 pledged supporters and had faded away by March.· Actual performance is recorded and the information fed back to the managers responsible for achieving the target performance.· We may receive some payment in September 1994 if we achieve targets.· With Thames privatised, it is a private sector project with appropriate incentives paid to workers who achieve their targets.· Success is when you achieve your target 20 percent return on assets at the year's end. ► hit · They hope to hit a target of £10,000.· A rotten Big Boy hitting the target is a memorable sound.· The Lancasters had to drop the bouncing bomb from precisely sixty feet to hit their target.· She sensed that in hitting the target, Ronnie had reinforced his daily lesson of entitlement.· The ball couldn't have bounced better for Steve White, who took aim and and hit the target with some style.· The large drops leave the spray behind and pass on to hit the target.· A pistol like this can hit somewhere near its target.· My man, the bag, was hit in each target location twice. ► identify · The initial emphasis was on speakers and their ability to encode messages sufficiently clearly to enable listeners to identify the target object.· A good objective has to identify a target in very precise terms.· We need to identify the target market.· Begin by identifying the target behavior and the time frame in which it occurs.· At once more flares were identifying the target area and a fair concentration of bombs directed on the aiming point.· First we identify our target and set a measurable objective that states from where to where by when.· It had to identify new target markets.· These examples illustrate the central problem of characterising chromosomal deletions - how do you know when you have identified the target gene? ► meet · However some branches have managed to make good progress towards meeting their target.· But the company failed to meet that target, Hashagen said.· When do the Government expect to meet the target for overseas aid of 0.7 percent. of gross national product?· This means that savings of around 10 million tons will have to be found to meet the target.· The trick is to meet the target projected for the current fiscal year and to do this by 15 October.· They are set targets by higher management, and it is their responsibility to meet those targets.· Officials calculated that the council would have to invest £500,000 per year to meet the target.· High offer ratios often reflect the relative difficulty of meeting the targets for a small number of fields. ► miss · These attacks missed their political targets, though they left a child dead.· But the interceptor missed its target in a second test in January.· All of the missiles missed their target and the attacks resulted in no casualties and little damage to property.· What if he missed the target now?· I can't confirm that but I do remember the one occasion that he missed his target.· It missed the target by several feet.· They missed their target but killed eighteen bystanders and injured many more.· If we had drilled that prospect, we would have missed our main target. ► reach · Within a week of launching the Oxfam Cold Front Appeal we reached our target of half a million coats and jumpers.· Enemy radar must have detected our approach, for Hurricane fighters came out to intercept before we reached the target.· The danger is that the pressure to reach target leads you to exaggerate chargeable hours.· Yet in the 1980s Britain missed its chance to reach for those targets.· Housing activists argue the agency could sell more houses if it were more adept at reaching its target market.· According to the study, the means-tested benefit is reaching its targets more often and more effectively than many had feared.· They then reached their target for the loss of three wickets. ► set · Most of us set ourselves personal targets: four laps within six minutes, for example.· The most lengthy and energetic discussion occurred around financial goals because both groups had surprised themselves by setting very high growth targets.· A realistic plan sets achievable targets against which progress can be monitored.· Promise Keepers declined to set attendance targets.· And that's a problem for the Government, which has set targets for cutting the number of deaths on the roads.· The Bundesbank officially bases its interest rate policy on M3 growth and sets a growth target each year.· Self-assessment is a key feature of the module and students should set targets for themselves based on their initial self-assessment.· Furthermore, firms may set themselves several targets and not simply restrict themselves to the sole target of profit maximisation. Phrases PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► target audience/group/area etc It is worth reiterating here the point that the media offer a means of influencing your target audiences. Most of its students are the provincial poor, the target audience of leftist guerrilla groups. Providing prevention materials to state health departments will ensure that target groups have ready access to such materials. The target areas were both moderate. income tracts of South Phoenix. 4. The approach involves identifying variations in the functioning of target areas and relating those variations to known differences in cortical function. The key is to analyze the target audience, Half said. The other major target group is those hospitalised with infectious illnesses. We know the terrain in the target area is complicated, rugged. ► target language Decide from the very beginning that your aim is to use the target language as much as possible in the sessions. Differential grammar enables us to determine some of the main grammatical difficulties involved in learning the target language. For this reason, spoken language interpreters are specifically trained to reject the effects of their utterance of the target language. Is the contact of the learner with the target language group likely to be intermittent rather than extensive? Module 1 is designed for beginners ie those with no prior knowledge of the target language. This can happen when the target language has a grammatical category which the source language lacks. This creates additional problems of target language suitability, problems which have yet to be solved. You can use a camera in the classroom to let learners see and hear themselves communicating in the target language. PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► find its mark/target But now their enmity found its target in the flesh. I doubt whether it could have found its target but the very shape of it in my hands was reassuring. It found its mark; one of the suitors fell dying to the floor. ► intended target/victim/destination etc After they failed to find their intended victim, they embarked on an indiscriminate anti-foreigner rampage. Eloise was capable of what almost amounted to mesmerism, so thoroughly did she take in her intended victims. It can not move and shoot in the same turn, except that it can be turned to face its intended target. Recovering his balance with uncanny speed, he snarled and launched himself after the still tumbling figure of his intended victim. Satisfied his intended victim was asleep, he gripped the door handle and turned it slowly. Was the call-girl the intended victim? We are near our intended target and head directly there with a vector supplied from above, but we find nothing. What if Everett's putative murderer had been the intended victim of sabotage rather than its practitioner? ► meet a goal/target etc Employees who work off-site are evaluated on their ability to work independently yet communicate with their team to meet goals. Headquarters motivates managers to meet targets in time-honoured style: carrot and stick. Its only hope of meeting targets was to purchase the right to pollute from less prosperous nations. The good news was that chief executive Crispin Davis insisted the company was on track to meet targets for 2002. ► a moving target As always, this is a moving target. At its best, Gramm-Rudman-Hollings is a game of how to master a moving target. Duration is a moving target as rates and portfolios change, though it is already used by many managers. Nobody hits a moving target and you can quote me. Only the top half of her body was visible, and she resembled a moving target on a shooting gallery. ► be a prime candidate/target (for something) And if you understood that, you are a prime target for the party's newest election weapon. In addition, any enemy hit by a net is a prime target for a club attack as explained below. It was clear the police were looking for reporters, that they were prime targets. Joseph was a prime candidate for deportation. The law and order section is a prime target for every kind of scam. The school meals service is a prime target in the government's plans for bringing in outside contractors. Vinyl and aluminum siding are prime candidates to take flight in a high wind. We would have thought this was a prime candidate for disclosure. ► reach a target/goal 1aim something that you are trying to achieve, such as a total, an amount, or a time SYN  goalsales/attainment/growth etc targets demanding financial targetstarget of the target of a one-third reduction in road accidentstarget for Higher degrees in English are a target for foreign students. There is no target date for completion of the new project. The government may fail to meet (=achieve) its target of recycling 25% of domestic waste. Jiang set annual growth targets of 8–9%.on target (=likely to achieve a target) The company says that growth of 10% is on target.► see thesaurus at aim2object of attack an object, person, or place that is deliberately chosen to be attackedtarget for/of Railway stations are prime targets (=very likely targets) for bombs.easy/soft target Cars without security devices are an easy target for the thief.3object of an action the person or place that is most directly affected by an action, especially a bad onetarget for/of The area has become a prime target for supermarket development. The country is a target of criticism for its human rights record.4shooting something that you practise shooting at, especially a round board with circles on it:  The area is used by the army for target practice.5target audience/group/area etc a limited group, area etc that a plan, idea etc is aimed at:  Our target audience is men aged between 18 and 35.6target language the language that you are learning or that you are translating intoCOLLOCATIONS– Meaning 1verbsmeet a target (=achieve what you want to achieve)· The government wants to meet its target of building three million new homes by 2020.reach/achieve/hit a target (=meet it)· They achieved their target with just days to spare.set a target· The company has set ambitious business targets.exceed a target (=achieve more than you wanted to)· We have exceeded our target of £200,000.fall short of a target (=achieve less than you wanted to)· Car production at the plant has fallen short of its target by 5%.ADJECTIVES/NOUN + targetambitious/high· The targets they have set themselves are hugely ambitious.modest (=not very high)· The Kyoto Protocol set fairly modest targets for reductions in greenhouse gases.achievable/realistic· The target is achievable, but only by hard work.a financial target· Both businesses exceeded their financial targets.a sales target· I’m confident we will meet our sales target by the end of the year.a growth target· The company’s growth targets have been achieved for the last three years.target + NOUNa target date· There is no target date set for completion of the new project.a target figure· The government has set a target figure of 6.2%COLLOCATIONS– Meaning 2adjectivesa prime target (=the most suitable or most likely to be chosen)· Sporting events could become a prime target for terrorists.the main target· The rebel-held town is one of the main targets for U S troops.an easy/soft target· Some criminals now regard churches as easy targets.a sitting target (=someone who is easy to attack)· In the open, the soldiers are sitting targets.somebody’s intended target· The gunman missed his intended target.a military target· The group insists that its bombs were directed against military targets.a civilian target· The army denied it had attacked civilian targets.a legitimate target (=one that it is fair to attack)· The rebels claimed that trains carrying soldiers are a legitimate target.verbsattack a target· They have attacked military targets such as army camps and airfields.hit a target· Not every bomb hit its target.miss a target· All of the missiles missed their target and no-one was killed. target1 nountarget2 verb targettarget2 ●○○ AWL verb [transitive] Verb Table VERB TABLE target Simple Form Present I, you, we, they target he, she, it targets Past I, you, he, she, it, we, they targeted Present perfect I, you, we, they have targeted he, she, it has targeted Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had targeted Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will target Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have targeted Continuous Form Present I am targeting he, she, it is targeting you, we, they are targeting Past I, he, she, it was targeting you, we, they were targeting Present perfect I, you, we, they have been targeting he, she, it has been targeting Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had been targeting Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will be targeting Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have been targeting Examples EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS For example, they tried to link training placement to jobs, or to target construction jobs on local people. Ireland is more ruthless still in targeting public health care. The company may then target its efforts on these preferred locations. These and other economic development proposals have emphasized targeting and leveraging to get maximum use of the federal dollars. Warshaw says Waxman and other critics have charged that police are targeting black neighborhoods. word sets WORD SETS► Military action stations, nounaide-de-camp, nounairborne, adjectiveaircraft carrier, nounairlift, nounallied, adjectivearmour, nounarms control, nounarms race, nounarray, verbassault course, nounAWOL, adjectivebalance of power, nounbandmaster, nounbandsman, nounbase, nounbattle, nounbattle, verbbattle cry, nounbattlefield, nounbattlements, nounbeachhead, nounbivouac, nounblackout, nounblast, verbblitz, nounblockade, nounblockade, verbblockhouse, nounbloodshed, nounbody bag, nounbody count, nounbomb, verbbombard, verbbombardment, nounbomb disposal, nounboot camp, nounbowman, nounbreastplate, nounbridgehead, nounbunker, nouncall-up, nouncannonade, nouncapability, nouncaptain, nouncapture, nouncarrier, nouncashier, verbcenotaph, nounchief of staff, nouncitation, nouncivil defence, nounC.O., nouncommand, nouncommand, verbcommandant, nouncommander, nouncommander in chief, nouncommand post, nouncommissariat, nouncommissary, nouncommission, nouncommissioned officer, nounconquer, verbconquest, nounconscientious objector, nounconscript, verbconscript, nounconscription, nounconvoy, verbcookhouse, nounCorp., corporal, nouncorps, nouncounterinsurgency, nouncounterintelligence, nouncountermand, verbcounter-revolution, nouncourt-martial, nouncourt-martial, verbcross, noundawn raid, noundeath camp, noundemilitarize, verbdemobilize, verbdeploy, verbdetonate, verbdisarm, verbdisarmament, noundispatch, noundraft board, noundraft card, noundraft dodger, noundraftee, noundress uniform, noundrum major, noundump, nounechelon, nounencamp, verbenemy, nounengage, verbengagement, nounenlist, verbenlisted, adjectiveexchange, nounex-serviceman, nounex-servicewoman, nounfield, verbfirst lieutenant, nounfirst strike, nounflak jacket, nounflash, nounfort, nounfortress, nounfoxhole, nounFPO, front, noungas mask, noungeneral headquarters, nounGHQ, nounguardhouse, nounheadquarters, nounhigh command, nounHQ, nounincursion, nounindefensible, adjectiveinsignia, nouninstallation, nouninsubordination, nounintelligence, nouninternment, nouninvade, verbinvader, nouninvasion, nounkit bag, nounKP, nounlieutenant, nounline, nounMaj., major, nounmajor general, nounman, nounmarch, verbmarch, nounmarch-past, nounmarshal, nounmassacre, nounmassacre, verbmess, nounmess, verbmilitarism, nounmilitarized, adjectiveMilitary Academy, nounMilitary Cross, nounmilitary service, nounmilitia, nounmilitiaman, nounminuteman, nounmission, nounMP, nounmutineer, nounmutinous, adjectivemutiny, nounnational service, nounNATO, nounNCO, nounno-man's-land, nounnon-aggression, nounnon-aligned, adjectivenon-combatant, nounobjective, nounobservation post, nounoccupation, nounoccupy, verboffence, nounoffensive, adjectiveoffensive, nounofficer, nounoperation, nounorderly, nounoutflank, verboutpost, nounoverthrow, verboverwhelm, verbpact, nounpadre, nounparade, nounparamilitary, adjectiveparapet, nounpartisan, nounpassword, nounpatrol, nounperilous, adjectiveperiscope, nounpillbox, nounpincer movement, nounpost, verbPOW, nounpre-war, adjectiveprisoner, nounprisoner of war, nounPurple Heart, nounpush, nounputsch, nounPX, nounquarter, verbquartermaster, nounquell, verbR & R, nounraid, nounraid, verbrank, nounrebellion, nounrecapture, verbreconnaissance, nounreconnoitre, verbrecruit, verbrecruit, nounreinforce, verbrelieve, verbRemembrance Day, nounrepel, verbrequisition, verbretake, verbretire, verbretreat, verbretreat, nounreview, nounreview, verbribbon, nounsabre-rattling, nounsally, nounsalute, verbsalute, nounsalvo, nounsamurai, nounscorched earth policy, nounscout, nounscout, verbscramble, verbsecond lieutenant, nounsentinel, nounsentry, nounsentry box, nounsergeant, nounsergeant major, nounserviceman, nounservicewoman, nounSgt., shell, verbshelling, nounsiege, nounskirmish, nounstaff officer, nounstaging area, nounstandard-issue, adjectivestar, nounstation, nounstation, verbstrategic, adjectivestrategist, nounstrategy, nounstripe, nounstronghold, nounsuperpower, nounsuppress, verbsurgical strike, nounsurrender, verbsurrender, nountactical, adjectivetarget, nountarget, verbtask force, nountattoo, nountheatre, nountrench warfare, nountripwire, nountruce, nounturret, noununarmed, adjectiveunoccupied, adjectivevalour, nounveteran, nounvolunteer, nounvolunteer, verbwar chest, nounwar crime, nounwar cry, nounwar dance, nounwar effort, nounwarfare, nounwarhorse, nounwarlike, adjectivewarlord, nounwar memorial, nounwarmonger, nounwarrant officer, nounwarring, adjectivewarrior, nounwar-torn, adjectivewar widow, nounwar zone, nounwounded, adjectivezero hour, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► the target audience (=the type of people a programme etc aims to attract)· The target audience is mostly men aged 28 to 35. ► easy target  The soldiers on the streets are an easy target for terrorists. ► hit ... target  The bomb failed to hit its target. ► moving target  an archer learning to hit a moving target ► performance targets · Several train operators failed to meet the performance targets. ► target practice (=practice shooting at something)· The area is used by the army for target practice. ► production levels/targets etc ► a realistic goal/target · Set realistic goals for yourself. ► reduction targets · The agreement set strict reduction targets for carbon emissions. ► a sales target · It achieved only 20% of its sales target. ► fall short of a goal/target/ideal  The economy fell short of the Treasury’s target of 2% growth. ► somebody’s target weight (=the weight someone is trying to be)· I’ve reached my target weight. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► area · The data collected will then be used to target areas of public health which need most improvement.· Targeting particular sectors sounds fine, but other strong competitors may already be targeting the very same areas.· It is important to prioritize and target areas which reflect on the key areas of the operation. ► audience · He says they're targeting a unique audience of young adults. ► company · The company is targeting financial and medical markets.· The company is targeting the business, home, school and Third-World markets.· The company may then target its efforts on these preferred locations.· The diet companies are targeting new markets outside their traditional client base of fairly affluent, young to middle-aged white women.· Commercial Union is one of several major insurance companies to target the Grey market with specially designed policies in the past year.· He is president of Graham Gregory Bozell Inc., a marketing company targeting black consumers. ► market · They target aircraft at specific markets.· The diet companies are targeting new markets outside their traditional client base of fairly affluent, young to middle-aged white women.· The company is targeting financial and medical markets.· Some scientists were dissatisfied with Gould's decision to target such an elitist market.· Commercial Union is one of several major insurance companies to target the Grey market with specially designed policies in the past year. ► people · But firearms enthusiasts, who shoot for pleasure, have accused politicians of targeting the wrong people.· It will target specifically chosen people in an effort to help them make links with the changing climate.· Surely all hon. Members would argue that it is wrong for the industry to be able to target young people.· But a spokesman for the club said many enthusiasts believed politicians were targeting the wrong people. Phrases PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► find its mark/target But now their enmity found its target in the flesh. I doubt whether it could have found its target but the very shape of it in my hands was reassuring. It found its mark; one of the suitors fell dying to the floor. ► intended target/victim/destination etc After they failed to find their intended victim, they embarked on an indiscriminate anti-foreigner rampage. Eloise was capable of what almost amounted to mesmerism, so thoroughly did she take in her intended victims. It can not move and shoot in the same turn, except that it can be turned to face its intended target. Recovering his balance with uncanny speed, he snarled and launched himself after the still tumbling figure of his intended victim. Satisfied his intended victim was asleep, he gripped the door handle and turned it slowly. Was the call-girl the intended victim? We are near our intended target and head directly there with a vector supplied from above, but we find nothing. What if Everett's putative murderer had been the intended victim of sabotage rather than its practitioner? ► meet a goal/target etc Employees who work off-site are evaluated on their ability to work independently yet communicate with their team to meet goals. Headquarters motivates managers to meet targets in time-honoured style: carrot and stick. Its only hope of meeting targets was to purchase the right to pollute from less prosperous nations. The good news was that chief executive Crispin Davis insisted the company was on track to meet targets for 2002. ► a moving target As always, this is a moving target. At its best, Gramm-Rudman-Hollings is a game of how to master a moving target. Duration is a moving target as rates and portfolios change, though it is already used by many managers. Nobody hits a moving target and you can quote me. Only the top half of her body was visible, and she resembled a moving target on a shooting gallery. ► be a prime candidate/target (for something) And if you understood that, you are a prime target for the party's newest election weapon. In addition, any enemy hit by a net is a prime target for a club attack as explained below. It was clear the police were looking for reporters, that they were prime targets. Joseph was a prime candidate for deportation. The law and order section is a prime target for every kind of scam. The school meals service is a prime target in the government's plans for bringing in outside contractors. Vinyl and aluminum siding are prime candidates to take flight in a high wind. We would have thought this was a prime candidate for disclosure. ► reach a target/goal 1to make something have an effect on a particular limited group or area:  The advertisement was designed to target a mass audience.target something on/at somebody/something a new benefit targeted on low-income families The programme is targeted at improving the health of women of all ages.2to aim something at a targettarget something on/at somebody/something The missiles are targeted at several key military sites.3to choose a particular person or place to do something to, especially to attack them or criticize them:  It’s clear that smaller, more vulnerable banks have been targeted. He was targeted by terrorists for a second time last night.
随便看	desertification desertion desert island Desert Island Discs Desert Orchid Desert Rat deserts deserve deserved deservedly deserving desiccated desiccation desideratum design designate designated driver designated hitter designation designer designer baby designer drug desirability desirable desirably

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