单词	consumer
释义	consumercon‧sum‧er /kənˈsjuːmə $ -ˈsuːmər/ ●●○ S3 W3 AWL noun [countable] Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Consumer spending rose 0.7 percent in November. Consumers will soon be paying higher air fares. Any increase in the cost of transporting goods will be passed on to the consumer. Improved consumer choice is one of the benefits of a free market. Only 25% of the price a consumer pays for vegetables goes to the farmer. Supermarkets are responding to increased consumer demand for organic products. The travel agents' group want more protection for the consumer. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Because the price the consumer would have to pay in ignoring the subliminal message is just too high. But the loss of traditional jobs is also contributing to consumer unease. Decision-process models also assume that consumer learning and experience will build up and affect future purchase situations. The equipment probably will be rented to consumers. The lack of comprehension can be attributed in part to the paucity of electronic commerce applications that the consumer has personally experienced. The lowest level of growth will be in the household and small consumer sector. The uncertain outlook for consumer spending has encouraged City analysts to trim their profit forecasts from around £11m to nearer £10m. Thesaurus THESAURUS► customer someone who buys goods or services from a shop or company: · Customers were waiting for the shop to open.· The bank is one of our biggest customers. ► client someone who pays for a service from a professional person or company: · He has a meeting with one of his clients.· The company buys and sells shares on behalf of their clients ► shopper someone who goes to the shops looking for things to buy: · The streets were full of Christmas shoppers. ► guest someone who pays to stay in a hotel: · Guests must leave their rooms by 10 am. ► patron formal a customer of a particular shop, restaurant, or hotel – usually written on signs: · The notice said ‘Parking for Patrons Only’. ► patient someone who is getting medical treatment from a doctor, or in a hospital: · He is a patient of Dr Williams. ► consumer anyone who buys goods or uses services – used when considering these people as a group who have particular rights, needs, or behaviour: · Consumers are demanding more environmentally-friendly products.· the rights of the consumer· The law is designed to protect consumers who buy goods on the Internet. ► market the number of people who want to buy a product, or the type of people who want to buy it: · The market for organic food is growing all the time.· a magazine aimed at the youth market ► clientele formal the type of customers that a particular shop, restaurant etc gets: · The hotel has a very upmarket clientele.· They have a wealthy international clientele. Longman Language Activatorsomeone who buys goods or services► customer someone who buys goods from a particular shop, restaurant, or company: · We don't get many customers on Mondays - Saturday is our busiest day.· The barman was serving the last customer of the evening.· Ford has launched a big sales campaign in an effort to bring in new customers.biggest customer (=the customer who buys the most goods): · The Defense Department is one of Lockheed's biggest regular customers. ► shoppers the people in a shop or town who are buying things: · The streets were crowded with Christmas shoppers. ► client someone who pays for services or advice from a professional person or organization: · Mr Langston normally meets with clients in the afternoon.· Elkins assured the judge that neither of his clients had a criminal record.· The firm is one of our oldest clients - we don't want to lose them. ► buyer someone who buys something expensive such as a house, company, or painting, usually from another person, not a shop or company: · We couldn't find a buyer for our house, so we weren't able to move after all.· They've had a lot of enquiries about the company - there's no shortage of potential buyers. ► consumers someone who buys and uses goods and services - use this especially to talk about people who buy things in general: · Consumers are demanding more environmentally friendly products.· The consumer is interested in high quality goods, not just low prices. ► clientele the people who regularly use a particular shop, restaurant etc, or the services of a professional person: · The hotel's clientele includes diplomats and Hollywood celebrities.· Madame Zara caters for a very select clientele. ► market the number of people who want to buy a product, or the type of people who want to buy it: · The magazine is aimed at the youth market.· Without research we can't be sure of the size of our market or even who our market is.market for: · The market for Internet-based products has grown dramatically in recent years. someone that regularly uses amounts of something► user · Part of the increase in price will be passed on to private users.· one of the heaviest users of fossil fuels in the worlddrug user · There is a growing concern about the spread of AIDS among drug users. ► consumer someone who buys and uses products and services: · Only 25% of the price a consumer pays for vegetables goes to the farmer.consumer demand/behaviour/preferences etc: · Supermarkets are responding to increased consumer demand for organic products.· Improved consumer choice is one of the benefits of a free market.the consumer (=consumers generally): · Any increase in the cost of transporting goods will be passed on to the consumer. WORD SETS► BUSINESS absolute advantage, aggregate demand, AGM, nounagribusiness, nounairline, nounappurtenance, nounassessment, nounbad debt, nounbalance sheet, nounbankroll, verbbankrupt, adjectivebankrupt, verbbankrupt, nounbankruptcy, nounbargain, verbbargain basement, nounbaron, nounbill of sale, nounbiz, nounblack market, nounblack marketeer, nounboom, nounboom and bust, nounboom town, nounbrown goods, nounbubble, nounbudget surplus, business card, nounbusiness cycle, business hours, nounbuyout, nouncapital, nouncapital-intensive, adjectivechamber of commerce, nounclerical, adjectiveconsumer, nounconsumer goods, noundisposable income, noundownturn, noundrive-through, nouneconomically, adverbfinancial, adjectiveflat, adjectivefree enterprise, noungiveaway, adjectiveincrement, nounindustry, nouninflate, verbinflated, adjectiveinflation, nouninflationary, adjectiveinsolvent, adjectiveinstitution, nouninterest, nounintroduction, nounlivery, nounlow season, nounlucrative, adjectiveMBA, nounmemo, nounmentoring, nounnegotiable, adjectivenegotiate, verbnegotiation, nounnon-profit, adjectiveopen, verboperational research, nounowner-occupied, adjectivepack, nounpackage, nounpaperwork, nounpatron, nounpatronage, nounpatronize, verbpay, verbpcm, peppercorn rent, nounpersonal assistant, nounplanned obsolescence, nounpp., quarter, nounquarter day, nounquota, nounquote, verbready-made, adjectivereal estate, nounrebate, nounredeem, verbredevelop, verbrefund, nounrent, nounshutdown, nounsliding scale, nounsubcontract, verbsubcontractor, nountariff, nounundercut, verbundersubscribed, adjective Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYconsumer + NOUN► consumer goods/products (=things that people buy for their own use)· Our demand for consumer goods increases all the time. ► consumer demand (=the demand for things to buy)· Consumer demand decreased as a result of the recession. ► consumer spending (also consumer expenditure formal)· Higher taxes will reduce consumer spending. ► a consumer group (=an organization that protects consumers’ rights)· There have been complaints from consumer groups about the high prices charged by some companies. ► consumer prices · Consumer prices rose 3.26% in December. ► consumer choice · Competition between businesses leads to more consumer choice. ► the consumer market (=the people who buy consumer goods)· Our advertising is aimed at teenagers because they are our main consumer market. ► a consumer society (=a society of people who want to buy a lot of things)· In the west, we live in a consumer society. ► consumer durables British English (=things you buy that are expected to last, such as cars, televisions, or furniture)· Ownership of consumer durables is a reflection of standards of living. ► consumer debt (=money people owe because they buy too much)· the growth in consumer debt ► a consumer boom (=a time when people spend a lot more money on buying things than usual)· the consumer boom of the 1980s in Britain adjectives► the biggest/largest consumer of something · The US is the world’s biggest oil consumer. ► the average consumer · The average consumer has become more price conscious. ► a domestic consumer (=one that buys in the country where something is produced)· Demand from domestic consumers is increasing. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► a consumer/spending boom (=a sudden increase in the amount people spend)· Various factors caused the consumer boom. ► consumer choice (=the opportunity for people to choose between different products)· I believe in free trade and consumer choice. ► a customer/consumer complaint · As a result of the improvements, customer complaints went down by 70%. ► consumer confidence (=that ordinary people have when the economic situation is good)· Consumer confidence has fallen to its lowest for two years. ► consumer credit (=the amount of credit used by consumers)· Consumer credit has risen substantially during this period. ► consumer demand (=the desire of consumers to buy goods)· Consumer demand for new technology is strong. ► consumer goods (=televisions, washing machines etc)· The market for consumer goods is huge. ► a consumer item · Import controls have been lifted on hundreds of consumer items. ► consumer preferences · Information about local consumer preferences can be used by a manufacturer's sales force. ► a consumer product (=one that is bought by the public)· Demand for consumer products has increased. ► consumer protection · The consumer protection regulations will include new online shopping rules. ► consumer spending (=spending by members of the public)· There are some signs that consumer spending is beginning to pick up. ► consumer tastes · Changes in consumer tastes result in the expansion of some industries and the contraction of others. ► consumer watchdog  a consumer watchdog COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► large · The disproportionate population of samurai attracted vast numbers of retailers, craftsmen and servants to service the large and wealthy consumer market.· Besides proximity to a large population of consumers, the other advantage of the new store is greater efficiency.· And who are the world's largest consumers of limes?· Then he starts buying large consumer stocks and big brand names.· Older people are the largest group of consumers of community care services.· Here, a single 90-minute video consuming over 100 gigabytes of storage space must be distributed to a large number of consumers.· Those aged 65 + are, therefore, the largest single consumer group of the services provided by acute hospitals.· Agriculture is also a large consumer of goods and services. NOUN► boom · Lower interest rates designed to pep up the corporate sector threaten to add more fuel to the consumer boom.· In peacetime, the business became legitimate and was fueled by a consumer boom.· It was cashing in a spectacular consumer boom.· But these outcasts of the consumer boom have learned to make even a forlorn hope go a long way.· That is where so much of the consumer boom of the 1980s came from.· Prosperity, too, had been the product of small enterprises and a lengthy consumer boom financed by credit. ► choice · This could undermine the enterprise economy and lead to a reduction in consumer choice.· It preserves the principles of consumer choice and free competition.· Second, that by impeding the market mechanism it may restrict consumer choice.· Businesses must synchronize their production choices with consumer choices or face the penalty of losses and eventual bankruptcy.· In an interesting discussion of varieties of egalitarianism, Plant attacks the rhetoric that links freedom only with consumer choice.· There is an important emphasis in this set of projects on consumer choice. 1 Projects are special.· The new laws support yearly renewable consumer choice, and at the same time reduce unnecessary and costly culinary options. ► confidence · The Conference Board's index of consumer confidence also fell, for the third month running, reaching a two-year low.· The government said today that consumer confidence in December plumbed its lowest level ever since consumer surveys started, in January 1987.· The trends in both retail sales and consumer confidence are positive, the report said.· Some analysts cited shaky consumer confidence as a reason for the overall dismal sales.· With exports flagging, Thaksin wants to boost consumer confidence and spending.· In a separate report, the Conference Board, a research group, said consumer confidence dropped sharply in January.· Nevertheless, the fall in unemployment will improve consumer confidence and so underpin spending. ► credit · The Convention excludes consumer sales contracts; the Directive is confined to consumer credit agreements.· Commercial credit lines are similar to consumer credit lines, with which most individuals are familiar.· Nine out of 10 are keeping up with their repayments, says consumer credit group Infolink.· In October, total consumer credit increased a revised $ 11. 4 billion.· So far building society inroads into consumer credit have been small.· Measures to prevent the competitive liberalization of consumer credit will encounter the heaviest resistance.· In conclusion, remember that consumer credit is a highly technical subject.· For years the company was known solely for its main product, consumer credit reports. ► demand · Advertising strategy will be directed away from product-led treatments to focus on consumer demands.· It is still rationalized by an elaborate and traditional, even if meretricious, theory of consumer demand.· In fact the most variable factor in the study of consumer demand for recreation is the tastes of the consumers.· Beef sales, prices and consumer demand have plummeted.· They also affect the pattern of consumer demand.· The losses which the decline in consumer demand initially entails will cause a decline in the demand for resources in that industry.· This is a matter which will no doubt be governed by consumer demand.· The huge investment needed for wiring and upgrades will come only after sufficient consumer demand for the e-commerce services. ► durables · We will introduce strict standards of life expectancy for consumer durables and encourage deposit-refund schemes.· Automobiles, video recorders, washing machines, personal computers, and most furniture are good examples of consumer durables.· Consumer durables Lone parent families are less likely than two parent families to have household consumer durables.· Instead they stress the wide range of expenditures that are interest sensitive, such as expenditure on consumer durables.· In a sense, then, the purchase of consumer durables is both consumption and a form of investment.· There have been fine achievements in the export of cars, televisions and other consumer durables.· Consumer durables Ownership of particular consumer durables is a further reflection of standards of living. ► electronics · And all but Oki have a base in consumer electronics.· In both the music business and the consumer electronics business, a whole lot of shaking out has been going on.· The foundry sector has been chosen to provide contrasts with more growth orientated sectors, such as, chemicals and consumer electronics.· This country is the size of Ohio and has long been a major exporter of automobiles, consumer electronics and ships.· The consumer electronics industry suffered through one of its worst Christmas seasons in decades in 1996.· Lechmere, a 28-store chain largely known for consumer electronics and home products, currently employs 4, 921 throughout the Northeast.· But the consumer electronics retailer said that sales at stores open for at least a year dropped 6 %.· The Eden Prairie, Minn.-based company is transforming itself into a kind of Amazon.com for consumer electronics. ► goods · They exchanged perishable consumer goods which were mutually valuable in the ordinary fashion of barter trade.· Prices of consumer goods climbed 2. 6 percent in the year ended Nov. 30.· Western cars, holidays, consumer goods and lifestyles are theoretically within their reach, although in practice quite beyond it.· The single-minded mission of commercial television today is to produce audiences for sale to advertisers of consumer goods and services.· In September several senior officials were dismissed or reprimanded for poor work in the consumer goods sector.· That's why there is a shortage in the supply of domestic consumer goods.· But as soon as they are used to expand the production of consumer goods they will actually cause business conditions to deteriorate.· The value of its output of consumer goods reached 160,000,000 roubles in 1989 and was planned to rise 30 percent in 1990. ► group · But some consumer groups say it's a con.· Ten consumer groups, along with some veterinarians and meat inspectors, are urging even tougher action.· Join a consumers group and lobby for government legislation to make manufacturers label their products fully and accurately.· Its members include major airlines, automakers, labor unions, medical societies, consumer groups and some insurance companies.· This is when we started forming consumer groups and demanding watchdogs to protect us in this shopping jungle.· He ignored complaints from alarmed consumer groups in order to maintain popular momentum for a measure he regards as essential.· Five papers are now in circulation, two from consumer groups, one from managers, and two from medical organisations.· E was opposed by numerous consumer groups and some 20 state legislators, however. ► market · The disproportionate population of samurai attracted vast numbers of retailers, craftsmen and servants to service the large and wealthy consumer market.· And that subculture represented the first consumer market for things such as modems and communications software.· The promotion aspects of the marketing mix vary slightly between consumer markets and industrial markets.· However, the profit potential of an untapped consumer market is tantalizing scores of corporations.· Group Finance director Tim Allen said Amdega had a hard time in 1991, along with most firms in the consumer market.· The third company will be A. C. Nielsen, a provider of consumer market information.· Today there is renewed speculation about a consumer market comeback.· But the huge expansion of consumer markets offset those losses, and the tide kept rising. ► price · The government calculated its figures on the basis of the growth rate of consumer prices on an annual basis.· But they have been reawakened by a pummeled currency and stock market, business collapses, soaring unemployment and rising consumer prices.· Tokyo consumer prices in January were 4.2% up year-on-year, the biggest increase since December 1981.· The government will report its December consumer price index on Feb. 1.· With a 60 percent increase in consumer prices reported, there were therefore substantial increases in real wages for many workers.· Salaries are rising barely as fast as the consumer price index, meaning most families do not have more buying power.· Poverty is compounded by inflation which has reached extreme levels in the region, as demonstrated by consumer price indices.· Release of the producer price index and consumer price indexes will follow, she said. ► product · Its use is most frequent in the field of consumer products.· If you handle a consumer product for a manufacturer you deal with members of the press on an hour to hour basis.· Teledyne, which has metals, consumer products, aerospace and other businesses is another spinoff possibility, according to Tuttle.· Apart from, turnover also increased in consumer products, helped particularly by the strong performance of and gains at.· Shares of consumer product companies that post steady earnings increases even when the economy slows gained this week.· The boom has been fuelled by accelerated demand for consumer products with even small grocery stores receiving up to 12 deliveries every day.· Tobacco is the most dangerous consumer product known. ► protection · And county consumer protection officer David Holliday says despite extensive publicity only a trickle of people have been using them.· A separate Consumer Sale and Loan Act was to be a consumer protection statute regulating credit advertising and consumer credit transactions.· I consider myself highly privileged to have been the first Minister for consumer protection in a completely independent consumer protection Department.· In identifying such conduct, reliance is made on information forthcoming from local authority consumer protection departments.· The Green Party co-leader's new ministry combines agricultural responsibilities and consumer protection departments taken from other ministries.· For example, regulation may bring benefits in terms of consumer protection but add costs by making firms less competitive.· As part of the new consumer protection arrangements, a Pensions Ombudsman with wide-ranging powers has recently been appointed. ► society · Seven designs in all - what a choice we have in todays consumer society!· That is precisely the message that our consumer society implicitly hammers home.· Among voters, the longing for the consumer society is mixed with concern about the costs of a market shock-treatment.· The Neo-Dadaists turned to the mass-produced imagery and disposable goods of the consumer society.· Our consumer society demands these, yet takes them for granted. ► spending · Analysts said that as long as credit business remained negative it was unlikely consumer spending would revive significantly.· However, retail sales account for only 40 percent of consumer spending.· This year we expect consumers to spend some £80 billion on leisure - almost one quarter of consumer spending.· For retailers it was the worst year on record and consumer spending is at its lowest since World War Two.· Cuts in salaries, bonuses and overtime payments have reduced many family-incomes and caused a sharp drop in consumer spending.· Worries over consumer spending if interest rates rise sent Kingfisher down 21p to 459p and Dixons 27p to 190p.· The uncertain outlook for consumer spending has encouraged City analysts to trim their profit forecasts from around £11m to nearer £10m.· The trade gap looks appalling and it may take some time before we see a significant drop in consumer spending. VERB► allow · The aim is to allow consumers to have greater influence over forms of care allotted to them.· TalkAlong is a cellular phone in a box that allows consumers to activate service as well.· The law does not allow the consumer to ignore the intermediate links in the chain.· This system allows for maximum flexibility, including interactive multimedia connections that allow each consumer to choose his or her own programs.· The software that allows consumers to tap into the Net from their phones comes from Unwired Planet.· The new system better allows for changing consumer prices. ► buy · But even poor people buy consumer goods.· Then he starts buying large consumer stocks and big brand names.· Rising living standards for those in work have also enabled them to buy more consumer goods.· That happened at a time when buying from consumers hit a seasonal lull. ► help · Supplemental Help: A new device to help consumers choose nutritional supplements may be coming to a drugstore near you.· And they don't exist primarily to help consumers.· The Palo Alto startup is quietly developing an online service that will help businesses and consumers choose and manage health plans.· We will help consumers have a voice locally and nationally. ► pass · Should not the regulator ensure that the extra costs for higher cost plant are not passed to consumers?· Those fees are passed on to consumers in the combined water and sewer bills they get once every two months.· The allowances have traditionally subsidised landing charges - so there's a risk that the cost will be passed to the consumer.· Sixty percent of the content of local cars is from imported parts, and those costs will be passed on to consumers.· This does not lead directly to higher prices, but the burden has inpart been passed on to the consumer in reduced variety.· Yet, not all this increase in bulk costs was passed on to the consumers in retail tariffs.· The cost of the premiums would, of course, be passed on to consumers in the price of the products.· And that is passed on to the consumer in the price tag. ► pay · But of those, three awards were never paid and one was paid only after the consumer began court proceedings.· Broadcast companies long have argued that if they have to pay for airwaves, consumers will suffer. ► protect · In recent years there have been significant statutory interventions protecting the consumer.· Basic goods would be tax-exempt, to protect low-income consumers.· We will protect consumers Our Consumers' Charter will cover all goods and services.· In that event, how would they expect to protect the consumer?· But the Consumers' Association wants tougher action on food hygiene, to fully protect consumers from the risk of food poisoning.· In the meantime, we will protect consumers against high prices and poor service and give greater priority to environmental problems. ► provide · They typically provide cover for consumer disputes, personal injuries and employment matters.· The Food and Drug Administration Tuesday announced a program aimed at providing consumers with better information about prescription drugs.· The manufacturer may provide the consumer with a warranty of quality either directly or through a third party.· Foreign competition provides consumers with a greater variety of goods and it forces domestic producers to be more efficient than otherwise.· Certainly vouchers may be provided to consumers to enable them to consume goods at no charge.· To show contrition for failures to provide price lists to consumers, offenders would volunteer payments to the Treasury.· Sales promotion supports other sales efforts by providing incentives to both consumers and traders at the point-of-sale.· In addition, there were local initiatives such as Club 403 which attempted to provide viewdata to domestic consumers in a limited geographical area. ► rise · In the 12 months to April consumer prices rose by only 3.2%.· In 1994, consumer prices rose 7. 05 percent.· In 1965 consumer prices rose on average by 3 percent a year in the ACCs.· The central bank said prices for a basic basket of consumer items rose 3. 93 percent in December.· In the three months to July, net lending to consumers rose to £535m from £444m in the previous three months.· A good performance from Pot Snack meals helped profits from consumer foods rise from £27.8 million to £30.8 million.· Previously, the Fed reported that consumer borrowing rose $ 10. 6 billion during October. ► spend · It will raise fresh worries for the Government that the much hoped-for consumer spending upturn remains beyond the horizon.· Last year, consumers spent $ 2. 2 billion buying products over the Internet.· With exports flagging, Thaksin wants to boost consumer confidence and spending.· Neither is it being used to give a spurt to consumer spending, he said.· The behaviour of consumer and corporate spending will determine whether this happens without a recession.· Slow economic growth and low consumer spending, though, slowed sales last year.· With debt levels rising and incomes barely growing, consumer spending is bound to slow, he said. Word family WORD FAMILYnounconsumptionconsumerverbconsume someone who buys and uses products and services → consumption, producer:  Consumers will soon be paying higher airfares. It will offer a wider choice of goods for the consumer (=consumers in general). Consumer demand led to higher imports of manufactured goods. Consumer spending was down by 0.1% last month. sources of consumer advice► see thesaurus at customerCOLLOCATIONSconsumer + NOUNconsumer goods/products (=things that people buy for their own use)· Our demand for consumer goods increases all the time.consumer demand (=the demand for things to buy)· Consumer demand decreased as a result of the recession.consumer spending (also consumer expenditure formal)· Higher taxes will reduce consumer spending.a consumer group (=an organization that protects consumers’ rights)· There have been complaints from consumer groups about the high prices charged by some companies.consumer prices· Consumer prices rose 3.26% in December.consumer choice· Competition between businesses leads to more consumer choice.the consumer market (=the people who buy consumer goods)· Our advertising is aimed at teenagers because they are our main consumer market.a consumer society (=a society of people who want to buy a lot of things)· In the west, we live in a consumer society.consumer durables British English (=things you buy that are expected to last, such as cars, televisions, or furniture)· Ownership of consumer durables is a reflection of standards of living.consumer debt (=money people owe because they buy too much)· the growth in consumer debta consumer boom (=a time when people spend a lot more money on buying things than usual)· the consumer boom of the 1980s in Britainadjectivesthe biggest/largest consumer of something· The US is the world’s biggest oil consumer.the average consumer· The average consumer has become more price conscious.a domestic consumer (=one that buys in the country where something is produced)· Demand from domestic consumers is increasing.
随便看	predetermine predetermined predeterminer predicament predicate predicative predicatively predict predictability predictable predictably prediction predictive predictive text predictor predilection predispose predisposed predisposition predominance predominant predominantly predominate preemie pre-eminence

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