colonco‧lon /ˈkəʊlən $ ˈkoʊ-/ ●○○ noun [countable] 
Word Origin
Word OriginWORD ORIGINcolon
ExamplesOrigin:
1 1300-1400 Latin, Greek kolon ‘large intestine, food, meat’2 1500-1600 Latin ‘part of a poem’, from Greek kolon ‘arm or leg, part of a poem’EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
Thesaurus- Colons and Semicolons Most business documents contain colons that serve one or two functions.
- Answer: b. Why: Only use a colon when the statement completely and naturally stops.
- Despite research contributions for many countries the normal and pathological motor function of the colon remains poorly understood.
- Eighty eight percent examinations reached the right colon.
- These L4 then emerge on to the mucosal surface, migrate to the colon, develop to the adult stage.
- This experiment shows a previously unknown dietary effect upon bacterial activity in the human colon.
- Unfortunately in the colon the situation is far less clear.
- We elected to include this patient in the study since the entire remaining right colon had active ulcerative colitis.
THESAURUStypes of punctuation mark► apostrophe
Collocations the sign (') that is used to show that one or more letters or numbers have been left out, as in don’t, or used before ‘s’ to show that something belongs to someone or something, as in Mark’s dog
► brackets British English, parentheses AmE and BrE formal a pair of signs ( ) used for enclosing information that interrupts a sentence
► colon the sign : that is used to introduce an explanation, example, quotation etc
► semicolon the sign ; that is used to separate words in a list, or different parts of a sentence that can be understood separately
► comma the sign , that is used to separate things in a list, or between two clauses in a sentence
► hyphen the sign – that is used to join words or syllables
► dash the sign — that is used to separate two closely related parts of a sentence, especially in more informal English
► full stop British English, period American English the sign . that is used to mark the end of a sentence or the short form of a word
► exclamation mark British English, exclamation point American English the sign ! that is used after a sentence or word that expresses surprise, anger, or excitement
► question mark the sign ? that is used at the end of a question
► quotation marks (also inverted commas British English) a pair of signs ‘ and ’ that are put around words, especially to show that you are quoting what someone has said
WORD SETS► HumanAB, nounabdomen, nounaccommodation, nounAchilles tendon, nounAdam's apple, nounadaptation, nounadenoids, nounadrenalin, nounairway, nounambidextrous, adjectiveanatomical, adjectiveankle, nounantibody, nounantigen, nounanus, nounanvil, nounaorta, nounappendix, nounarch, nounarmpit, nounarterial, adjectiveartery, nounatrium, nounbaby tooth, nounback, nounbackbone, nounbandy, adjectivebarrel-chested, adjectivebeat, verbbelly, nounbelly button, nounbicep, nounbig toe, nounbikini line, nounbile, nounbiological clock, nounbiorhythms, nounbiped, nounbladder, nounblind spot, nounblink, verbblink, nounblood count, nounblood group, nounblood pressure, nounbloodstream, nounblood type, nounblood vessel, nounBO, nounbody clock, nounbody odour, nounbone, nounbone marrow, nounbowel, nounbow legs, nounbrain, nounbrainwave, nounbreast, nounbreastbone, nounbristly, adjectivebronchial, adjectivebronchial tube, nounbrow, nounbuck teeth, nounbullnecked, adjectiveburp, verbbust, nounbuttock, nouncanine, nouncapillary, nouncardiac, adjectivecardio-, prefixcardiovascular, adjectivecarotid artery, nouncartilage, nouncentral nervous system, nouncerebellum, nouncerebral, adjectivecervical, adjectivecervix, nounchamber, nounchange of life, nouncheek, nouncheekbone, nounchest, nounchin, nouncirculation, nounclavicle, nouncleavage, nounclitoris, nounclose-set, adjectivecoccyx, nouncochlea, nouncock, nouncollarbone, nouncolon, nouncolour, nouncolour-blind, adjectiveconception, nouncone, nounconnective tissue, nouncoordination, nouncornea, nouncortex, nouncough, verbcough, nouncowlick, nouncranium, nouncrook, verbcrotch, nouncrow's feet, nouncrutch, nouncry, verbcuticle, noundandruff, noundeep-set, adjectivedefecate, verbdefence mechanism, noundental, adjectivedentine, nounderrière, noundiaphragm, noundigit, noundigital, adjectivedimple, noundisc, noundominant, adjectivedouble-jointed, adjectivedribble, verbdrool, verbduct, nounduodenum, nounear, nouneardrum, nounearhole, nounegg, nounejaculate, verbelbow, nounenamel, nounendocrine, adjectiveentrails, nounepidermis, nounepiglottis, nounerect, adjectiveerection, nounerogenous zone, nounexcrement, nounexcreta, nounexcrete, verbexcretion, nounexpectorate, verbextremity, nouneye, nouneyebrow, nouneyelash, nouneyelid, nouneyesight, nouneye tooth, nounface, nounfallopian tube, nounfart, verbfart, nounfemur, nounfibre, nounfibula, nounfigure, nounfingernail, nounfingertip, nounfist, nounfive o'clock shadow, nounflat-chested, adjectivefoetal position, nounfolic acid, nounfollicle, nounforearm, nounforefinger, nounforehead, nounforeskin, nounframe, nounfunny bone, noungall bladder, noungallstone, noungastric, adjectivegenital, adjectivegenitals, noungland, nounglottis, noungonad, noungrey matter, noungroin, nounG-spot, noungullet, noungum, nounhair, nounhairless, adjectivehairy, adjectivehammer, nounhamstring, nounhand, nounhand-eye co-ordination, nounhandlebar moustache, nounhead, nounheart, nounheel, nounhiccup, nounhiccup, verbhip, nounHomo sapiens, nounhumerus, nounhymen, nounimmune, adjectiveimmune system, nounimmunity, nouninbred, adjectiveincisor, nounindex finger, nouninherit, verbinstep, nounintestine, nounin vitro fertilization, nouniris, nounIVF, nounjaw, nounjawbone, nounjowl, nounkidney, nounknee, nounknee cap, nounknuckle, nounlap, nounlarge intestine, nounlarynx, nounlash, nounlaugh lines, nounlaughter lines, nounleft-handed, adjectivelefty, nounlens, nounlid, nounlifeblood, nounligament, nounlip, nounlittle finger, nounliver, nounlobe, nounlong-sighted, adjectivelumbar, adjectivelung, nounlymph, nounlymph node, nounmammary, adjectivemammary gland, nounmanual, adjectivemarrow, nounmasticate, verbmatrix, nounmelanin, nounmelatonin, nounmember, nounmenopause, nounmenses, nounmenstrual, adjectivemenstrual period, nounmenstruate, verbmiddle ear, nounmiddle finger, nounmidget, nounmidriff, nounmilk tooth, nounmind, nounmolar, nounmucous membrane, nounmuscle, nounnail, nounnape, nounnasal, adjectivenavel, nounnervous, adjectiveneurology, nounneuron, nounniacin, nounnipple, nounnode, nounnodule, nounnostril, nounocular, adjectiveoesophagus, nounoral, adjectiveovary, nounoverbite, nounoviduct, nounpalate, nounpalm, nounpalpitate, verbpalpitations, nounpancreas, nounpassage, nounpatella, nounpectorals, nounpelvic, adjectivepelvis, nounpenetrate, verbpepsin, nounperiod, nounperiod pain, nounperspiration, nounperspire, verbphallus, nounpharynx, nounphlegm, nounphysical, adjectivephysiognomy, nounphysiology, nounphysique, nounpigeon-toed, adjectivepit, nounpituitary, nounplacenta, nounplasma, nounplatelet, nounpore, nounpotbelly, nounpremenstrual, adjectiveprepubescent, adjectivepressure point, nounprimal, adjectiveprivate parts, nounprognathous, adjectiveprostate, nounpuberty, nounpubescent, adjectivepubic, adjectivepudendum, nounpulmonary, adjectivepulp, nounpulse, nounpupil, nounquad, nounquadruplet, nounquin, nounquintuplet, nounradius, nounreceptor, nounrecessive, adjectiverectal, adjectiverectum, nounred blood cell, nounREM sleep, nounrenal, adjectiveretina, nounRhesus factor, nounRH factor, nounrib, nounrib cage, nounright, adjectiveright-handed, adjectiveright-hander, nounrigor mortis, nounring finger, nounrod, nounRoman nose, nounround-shouldered, adjectiverun, verbsalivary gland, nounsallow, adjectivescalp, nounscaly, adjectivescapula, nounsciatic, adjectivescrotum, nounsemen, nounseminal, adjectivesense, nounsense organ, nounsensory, adjectivesextuplet, nounshank, nounshin, nounshinbone, nounshoulder, nounshoulder blade, nounside, nounsinew, nounsinus, nounskeletal, adjectiveskull, nounsleep, verbsleep, nounsmall intestine, nounsneeze, verbsneeze, nounsnub nose, nounsnub-nosed, adjectivesoft palate, nounsolar plexus, nounsole, nounsphincter, nounspinal, adjectivespinal column, nounspine, nounspit, verbspit, nounspittle, nounspleen, nounspotty, adjectivesputum, nounsternum, nounsteroid, nounstirrup, nounstomach, nounstool, nounstubble, nounsubcutaneous, adjectivesuck, verbsuckle, verbsuckling, nounsweat gland, nounsystem, nountailbone, nountan, verbtan, nountanned, adjectivetarsus, nountartar, nountaste bud, nountear, nounteardrop, nounteat, nountemple, nountendon, nountestes, nountesticle, nountestis, nountestosterone, nounthickset, adjectivethigh, nounthorax, nounthroat, nounthumb, nounthumbnail, nounthyroid, nountibia, nounticklish, adjectivetoe, nountoenail, nountongue, nountonsil, nountooth, nountorso, nountouch, nountrachea, nountriceps, nountrunk, nountympanum, nounulna, nounumbilical cord, nounurethra, nounuterus, nounuvula, nounvagina, nounvascular, adjectivevein, nounvenous, adjectiveventricle, nounvessel, nounvestibule, nounvital, adjectivevocal cords, nounvoice box, nounvulva, nounwaist, nounwall-eyed, adjectivewax, nounwhite, nounwhite blood cell, nounwindpipe, nounwisdom tooth, nounwomb, nounwrinkle, verbwrist, nounyawn, verbyawn, noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► ascending
1 technical the lower part of the bowels, in which food is changed into waste matter2the sign (:) that is used in writing and printing to introduce an explanation, example, quotation(1) etc → semicolon· Ratios for the ascending colon were similar.· Four specimens were from the jejunum and 11 from terminal ileum or ascending colon.
► descending· The investigation started with an endoscopic examination up to the junction of the sigmoid descending colon.
► distal· This occurred in both the proximal and distal colon.· There was no significant difference in percentage of cells in S phase in the distal colon of rats in both diet groups.· The proliferative zone, however, was expanded in the distal colon of the higher fibre diet fed rats.· Colonic cancer in the proximal colon is very rare, most lesions occur in the distal colon.· H antigen was expressed to a varying degree in all biopsy specimens but was weaker in the distal colon.· Lewis a expression was seen throughout the colon, while Lewis B was expressed more strongly in the proximal than distal colon.
► human· This experiment shows a previously unknown dietary effect upon bacterial activity in the human colon.· It allows the study of regional transit of solids in the unprepared human colon without the need for colon intubation.· Furthermore, the higher concentrations used in this study reflect total bile salt concentrations in human colon.
► normal· The same spectrum of peptides was also found in extracts of normal colon mucosa but in still lower concentrations.· In addition, mast cells in normal colon, adenoma, or carcinoma samples consistently showed strong positive staining for cytochrome P450 3A.· Biopsy specimens of normal colon were obtained from patients without any evidence of colonic neoplasia.· Methods Studies were undertaken in 176 male patients who were having investigational colonoscopy and who were found to have a normal colon.· We used a drawing of a normal colon and a distended colon to help them understand the problem.
► proximal· There is currently no satisfactory means of preventing proximal colon cancer in the general population.· Nor do we yet have evidence that removal of proximal adenomas prevents proximal colon cancer.· No such levelling off has been identified in the proximal colon.· Delayed release mesalazine formulations release their contents rapidly in the distal small intestine and proximal colon.· This occurred in both the proximal and distal colon.· Colonic cancer in the proximal colon is very rare, most lesions occur in the distal colon.· It is likely that the drug would be more effective in the proximal colon.· Lewis a expression was seen throughout the colon, while Lewis B was expressed more strongly in the proximal than distal colon.
► sigmoid· These findings are consistent with decreased transit in the proximal and rapid transit through the sigmoid colon in patients with active colitis.· We used a perfusion system where segments of the sigmoid colon and rectum were isolated.· The investigation started with an endoscopic examination up to the junction of the sigmoid descending colon.· In the sigmoid colon, however, 47% of strictures were malignant.· Similarly, the transverse colon was recognised by its characteristic triangular folds and the sigmoid colon by its circular folds.· The rectum, sigmoid colon, and terminal ileum seem to be particularly at risk from pelvic radiotherapy.· In circumstances where the topography was not clear, patients received only sigmoid colon infusions.
► transverse· This patient had a previous left hemi-colectomy with a transverse colon rectal anastomosis for a colonic stricture.· Specimens taken at various levels in the colon showed a microscopic colitis that was maximal in the transverse colon.· The abdomen was distended and the outline of the transverse colon clearly visible.· At colectomy two Dukes's A cancers were found; one in the sigmoid and one in the transverse colon.· We chose to place the manometric catheter into the transverse colon.· Similarly, the transverse colon was recognised by its characteristic triangular folds and the sigmoid colon by its circular folds.· Shortly after admission abdominal distension and tenderness over the transverse colon was noted.· A plain supine abdominal radiograph showed gaseous dilatation of the transverse colon and small bowel.
NOUN► cancer· These subjects had an examination for evaluation of occult blood, positive stools or for screening for colon cancer, or both.· Decreases your risk of colon cancer. 6.· There is currently no satisfactory means of preventing proximal colon cancer in the general population.· Then they studied blood and tissue samples from 211 Ashkenazim who had been colon cancer patients.· The possibility of introducing anti-oncogenes into those with a predisposition to colon cancer is undoubtedly one of the most exciting prospects.· For patients with a family history of colon cancer, one in three carried the mutated gene.· Nor do we yet have evidence that removal of proximal adenomas prevents proximal colon cancer.· In the bed was a sixty-seven-year-old man with a severe colon cancer.
VERB► use· Reconstructive surgery using stomach, colon, or jejunum, with or without oesophagectomy, has been performed to relieve dysphagia.· The next question is whether to use a colon, comma, or dash after the salutation.· But play around a little, using colons, dashes, semicolons, and ellipses-among others.· Answer: b. Why: Only use a colon when the statement completely and naturally stops.