单词 | power | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 | power1 nounpower2 verbpower3 adjective powerpow‧er1 /ˈpaʊə $ paʊr/ ●●● S1 W1 noun Entry menuMENU FOR powerpower1 control2 government3 influence4 right/authority5 ability6 energy7 earning/purchasing/bargaining etc power8 strength9 electricity10 air/sea power11 strong country12 be in/within somebody’s power (to do something)13 be beyond somebody’s power (to do something)14 be in somebody’s power15 do somebody a power of good16 mathematics17 the powers that be18 lens19 the powers of good/evil/darkness20 a power in the land21 the power behind the throne22 power trip Word OriginWORD ORIGINpower1 ExamplesOrigin: 1200-1300 Old French poeir, from poeir ‘to be able’, from Latin potere; ➔ POTENTEXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
THESAURUS► country Collocations an area of land controlled by its own government, president, king etc: · Thailand is a beautiful country.· Which country would you most like to visit? ► nation a country, considered especially in relation to its people and its political and economic structure: · The events shocked the whole nation.· The US is the most powerful nation in the world.· Leaders of the world’s major industrialized nations attended the meeting. ► state a country considered as a political organization with its own government: · They believe that Scotland should be an independent sovereign state.· Most European states joined the Council of Europe. ► power a country that is very strong and important: · a meeting of the great powers· Britain is still a world power. ► superpower one of the most powerful countries in the world: · During the Cuban Missile Crisis there was a real danger of conflict between the two world superpowers. ► land literary a country – used in stories: · He told them about his journeys to foreign lands.· a traveller from a far-off land Longman Language Activatorthe ability to control people and events► power the ability or the right to control other people and make decisions that affect them: · Do you think the police have too much power?· He was motivated by greed, envy, and the lust for power.great/enormous power: · the enormous economic power of the United Statespower over: · The big Hollywood studios have a lot of power over what kind of films get made.have the power to do something: · Only Parliament has the power to make new laws.a power struggle (=a situation in which groups or leaders try to defeat each other and get complete control): · A power struggle developed between the president and the generals. ► influence if someone has influence , they can use their important social position or their wealth to persuade other people to do things: influence in: · The Catholic Church has always had a lot of influence in Polish politics.influence over: · The banks had too much influence over government policy.somebody's influence with somebody (=someone's ability to persuade someone else to do things): · Using her influence with her husband, Evita Peron won women the right to vote. ► authority the right to make decisions and control people, which a person has because of their job or official position: · No one dared to question the principal's authority.authority over: · In the British system, the mayor has no authority over the local police.have the authority to do something: · The King had the authority to raise taxes without the permission of parliament. ► have a say the right to give your opinion about a decision, so that you have some power to influence it: · If we're going to undertake such a big project, the voters should have a say.have a say in: · By giving the workers a greater say in the running of the company, we hope to increase cooperation and job satisfaction. have the final say (=have the power to make the final decision): · The Prisoner Review Board can recommend that a prisoner is released, but Illinois Gov. Jim Edgar has the final say. ► muscle power that someone has because of their money, political position, or strength, and which makes it possible for them to do things that other people or organizations cannot do: · The government has for years been trying to destroy the muscle of the trade unions.have the muscle to do something: · Hanson Trust has the muscle to buy up some of America's biggest companies.financial/political muscle: · The Republicans do not have the political muscle to prevent the treaty being rejected by Congress. ► clout informal the power that you have to influence other people's decisions, especially because you can use your position or your knowledge to persuade people in authority to do what you want: have/carry clout: · The banks do not carry quite as much clout as they used to.political/financial etc clout: · Doctors have considerably more political clout than teachers. ► jurisdiction the power that a government, court, or organization has to make laws or to decide whether people are breaking the law - use this especially when you talk about the limits of this power: · In general, the American courts have no jurisdiction to deal with crimes outside the USA.· The Air Transit Authority's jurisdiction extends beyond the airport itself to include warehouses and associated buildings.jurisdiction over: · The council has no jurisdiction over these matters.be within/under somebody's jurisdiction: · It's not within our jurisdiction to tell people what to do in the privacy of their own homes.be outside somebody's jurisdiction: · The courts said the claim raised "political questions" that were outside its jurisdiction. having a lot of power► powerful a powerful person, organization, or country has a lot of power, and can control people and influence events: · Parliament had become more powerful than the King.· one of the most powerful men in US politics· Berlusconi was the owner of a powerful media empire. ► influential someone who is influential can influence events, because they are rich, and therefore people pay attention to what they say: · Her uncle is a rich and influential businessman.· She is probably the most influential member of the finance committee.· an influential film critichighly influential (=very influential): · Galbraith was a highly influential writer on economic affairs. ► strong powerful - use this about a political group that is supported by a lot of people: · The communists were particularly strong in the big industrial cities.· There has been a strong anti-nuclear movement in Japan for many years. ► dominant more powerful than other people, groups, countries etc: · Gradually, Microsoft became the dominant company in the software business· At the time Portugal was the dominant naval power in the Mediterranean. ► all-powerful having more power than anyone else, especially when this is not fair: · The all-powerful central committee meets twice a year.· Catherine the Great, the all-powerful ruler of the Russian Empire· Hollywood stars of the 30s were in awe of the all-powerful studio bosses. ► have friends in high places to have power or influence because you know people who have very important jobs and positions and who will help you if necessary: · Bowen had friends in high places, and managed to raise large sums of money from the Carnegie and Rockefeller Foundations.· The Achym family had friends in high places, including the powerful Lord Burghley, and were allowed to return. a country that has a lot of power► world power a country that has a lot of economic and military power, and can influence what happens in other parts of the world: · The United States had replaced Great Britain as the dominant world power. · China is regaining its place as a world power, a status it enjoyed for 3,000 years and lost only a few centuries ago. ► superpower one of the most powerful countries in the world: · The United States, as the world's only remaining superpower, must continue making arms control a central element of its foreign policy.· He hinted at a bigger presence for the U.S. military in the Asian Pacific region where China is emerging as a superpower. to have an official position of power► in power a person or political group that is in power has political control of a country or government: · The Socialists have been in power since the 1965 revolution. · The Congress Party in India lost its legislative majority in the late 1970s after nearly thirty years in power.remain/stay in power: · Gorbachev could not have remained in power without the support of the Red Army. ► in authority someone who is in authority has a job or position that gives them the right to tell other people what to do: · My mother demanded to speak to someone in authority.· Problems arise when people in authority can't keep discipline. ► in office someone, usually a government official, who is in office , has an important job or position with power: · The decision was made to remove the President after 30 years in office.remain/continue in office: · Hayward has expressed his willingness to continue in office. ► rule if a king, queen, political party, or organization rules , they have an official position of power in a country, and over the people who live there: · In 1860, Italy was a collection of small states ruled by princes and dukes.· While they ruled, the country remained isolated from the rest of the world.rule France/Spain etc: · The Pol Pot regime ruled Cambodia from 1974 to 1978.rule over: · Spain ruled over Portugal from 1580 to 1640.· Motamid had died, leaving his son Mostain to rule over Saragossa. ► ruling the ruling group or political party in an area or country is the one that is controlling it at the present time: ruling party/class/authority: · The ruling party is confident of winning the election.· the struggle between the workers and the ruling classes· The crisis sparked after the ruling party rushed through revisions of the labor and national security laws in a semi-secret parliamentary session. ► reign if a king or queen reigns , they have an official position of power, although they may not have any real power over the government of the country: · Robert II reigned for 19 years and died in Dundonald Castle on 13th May, 1390. · The last Moorish king reigned there until 1492.reign over: · Penda was king from 633 to 655, but it is not known who had reigned over the Mercians in the period before. to get power► come to power to take political control of a country, especially by being elected: · When Mrs Thatcher came to power in 1979, no one expected her to stay there for 13 years.· After coming to power, President Clinton tried to resolve the conflict. ► take office if a person or political party takes office , they start working in an official position of power or take political control of a country: · Less than three weeks after Labour took office, an economic crisis developed.· When Olson took office in January 1939, he was the state's first Democratic governor in forty years. ► take power to get control of a country through violence: · The Bolsheviks took power in 1917.· General da Souza had the intention of taking power through a coup d'etat. ► seize power to get control of a country suddenly or quickly, by using military force: · Communist forces had come out in an attempt to seize power.· The Czar was overthrown when the revolutionaries seized power. ► take over to take power from an existing government or organization by using military force: · A revolutionary government took over, featuring a reorganized council.· The authorities began to make the necessary arrangements for taking over the garrisons, which were still in the hands of the enemy. having no power► powerless someone who is powerless has no power to control or influence what happens: · Blocked by the Democrats in the Senate, Bush appeared powerless.powerless against: · The people of Hungary were powerless against the tanks of the Red Army.powerless to do something: · The UN was powerless to prevent the war spreading. ► weak someone who is weak does not have much power because they cannot make other people respect them or obey them: · These policies failed because the government was weak and ineffective.· a weak, indecisive principal ► have no say to have no power to influence what happens because your opinion is ignored or regarded as unimportant: · Whenever we have to make an important decision, I feel that I have no say.have no say in something: · The French government allows the Annamese almost no say at all in running their affairs. when you are not allowed or do not have the power to do something► can't/cannot · "I really want to see that movie." "You can't. You're not old enough."can't/cannot do something · The manager can't fire you for being pregnant.· Members of the public cannot enter the building unless they have an identity card.· In those days a woman could not divorce her husband except in the most extreme cases. ► not be able to do something use this when a law or rule does not allow someone to do something: · If you don't have a library card, you won't be able to borrow any books.· You won't be able to get back into the country without your passport. ► not have the power to do something/it is not in your power to do something to be unable to do something because your job does not give you the authority or right to do it: · It is not in her power to increase your salary, but she can recommend it.· Individual states do not have the power to declare war. ► not be in a position to do something to be unable to do something because you do not have the authority or the moral right to do it: · The agency is not in a position to negotiate or make decisions. ► be out of somebody's hands/be no longer in somebody's hands if a problem or situation is out of someone's hands , they are no longer responsible for dealing with it because it has been taken over by someone with more power, or because it must now be decided according to the law: · The matter is out of our hands now - we'll just have to wait to see what the judge decides.· It's no longer in my hands, I'm afraid - I've sent a report about your son's behaviour to the police. ► somebody's hands are tied if someone's hands are tied they cannot do what they want because of particular conditions or rules made by someone else: · The company's hands are tied because of government regulations.· I'd like to help you, but you missed the deadline. I'm afraid my hands are tied. ► powerless unable to control or stop something because you do not have the power or legal right to do this: · The average citizen feels completely powerless faced with the rising tide of crime and violence.powerless to do something: · Although we all thought the decision was unfair, we were powerless to change it.powerless against: · Citizens imprisoned for their political beliefs are powerless against the government. ► ineligible if you are ineligible to take part in something or to receive something, you do not have the legal right to do this: · Police found that many of the people on the list were ineligible voters.ineligible for: · People with higher incomes are ineligible for the government benefits.ineligible to do something: · Because he no longer lives in the district, he is ineligible to run for re-election. the ability to do something► ability the physical or mental skill or knowledge that makes you able to do something: · The course material depends on the level of ability of the student.ability to do something: · Our ability to think and speak makes us different from other animals.· Luckily, she had innate ability to judge people quickly and accurately.somebody's abilities as a teacher/doctor etc: · Harmon decided to create a business out of his abilities as a speaker. ► capability the ability of a person, machine etc to do something, especially something difficult that needs a lot of knowledge, skill, advanced equipment etc: · Man Ray explored the capabilities of the camera to their fullest extent.capability to do something: · It is unclear whether the country has the capability to produce nuclear weapons.capability of doing something: · This computer system gives the user the capability of accessing huge amounts of data. ► capacity use this especially about a very great ability to do something or to behave in a particular way: capacity for: · He has an enormous capacity for hard work.· Cheryl's capacity for understanding and compassion is impressive.capacity to do something: · Children have a remarkable capacity to learn language. ► skill a special ability that you need to learn in order to do a particular job or activity: · These exercises develop the student's reading and writing skills.· You need computer skills for most office jobs.· Being a good manager requires a number of highly specialized skills. ► competence the ability and skill to do what is needed: · The level of competence among hospital staff was not as high as expected.· Understanding the instructions requires a ninth grade reading competence. ► power a natural ability to do something, especially to see, hear, speak etc: the power of sight/speech/hearing etc: · She was so surprised that for a few seconds she lost the power of speech.· The ostrich is a bird that no longer has the power of flight.power to do something: · Doctors cannot explain why some people lack the power to fight off the disease. ► powers: powers of judgement/reasoning/persuasion etc the ability to do something that involves mental effort or skill, such as persuading, forming an opinion, thinking etc: · This problem is designed to test your powers of observation.· Teachers have the responsibility to develop students' powers of critical thinking.· She impressed us all with her dazzling intellectual powers. ► faculties the natural abilities that everyone normally has, for example the ability to think, see, hear, and speak: · As we age we begin to lose some of our faculties.in full possession of your faculties: · Although he was dying, he remained in full possession of his faculties. ► resources qualities such as courage and a strong mind that you need in order to deal with a difficult situation: · She's tough - I'm sure she has the emotional resources to handle it.· The new work stretches the physical resources of the company's dancers. ► aptitude the natural ability that someone has to learn a new subject or activity and become good at it: · A trainee with normal aptitude can learn these techniques in a few months.aptitude for: · At an early age Susan showed an aptitude for languages.aptitude test: · All applicants are given aptitude tests before being invited for interview. to be allowed to do something or have the power to do it► can · If you want to come with us, you can.can do something · It's my house and I can do whatever I want here.· Can I use your computer?· At that time, the king could simply have his enemies imprisoned or shot. ► be able to do something use this especially when a law or rule makes it possible for someone to do something: · You might be able to get a temporary passport.· Consumers are now able to buy the drug without a prescription. ► have the power to do something to be able to do something because your official position gives you the authority to do it: · The judge has the power to order a witness to give evidence.· Each state had the power to make its own laws. ► be in a position to do something to have the official authority to do something or have the moral right to do something: · Only the governor is now in a position to stop the execution.· Well, given her appalling record, she's not in any position to criticize my work. to completely control someone's behaviour► dominate to have a very powerful influence on another person and control the way that they behave: · It was obvious that her husband completely dominated her.· a very self-confident man with a dominating manner ► domineering someone who is domineering always wants to control what other people do and never considers what they want themselves: · Hattie was struggling to break free from her domineering father.· He's arrogant and domineering and never listens to anyone.· My mother has a very domineering personality. ► walk all over informal to treat someone very badly by doing whatever you want to do, without caring about what they want or feel: · Why do you let him just walk all over you, have you no pride?· It's important not to let colleagues walk all over you at work. ► have a hold on/over to be able to control someone because you have some emotional power over them, for example, because you know their secrets or weak points: · He seems to have a very powerful hold over the women in his life.· It's been two years since we divorced, but he still has a hold on me. ► have somebody in your power to be able to control someone because you have emotional power over them - used especially in literature: · At last she had McAdams in her power! to be controlled by someone else► be under somebody's control · The whole town seems to be under the control of one family.· Almost three thousand troops are under Captain Marsh's control.· Roughly a quarter of the area came under Soviet control. ► be in somebody's power if you are in someone's power you have to do whatever they want you to do, especially because they have some emotional power over you - used especially in literature: · He'll do whatever I tell him to do. He's completely in my power. ► be under somebody's spell if you are under someone's spell they have almost complete power over how you feel, the way you behave etc especially because you love or admire them very much: · Harry knew that he was in love with Susie, completely under her spell.come/fall under somebody's spell (=start to be under someone's spell): · She loves the company of showbiz personalities, and many have fallen under her spell. ► be at somebody's mercy if you are at someone's mercy they have the power to decide whether good or bad things happen to you: · Once in prison, inmates are at the guards' mercy.· Children often find themselves at the mercy of other kids who are older and bigger.to be at the mercy of somebody: · Small firms are completely at the mercy of the banks. ► doormat informal someone who lets other people treat them badly and who does not complain or try to change their situation: · Fiona was determined that she would be nobody's doormat.· Make sure he doesn't treat you like a doormat. a country► country a separate independent area of land whose people have their own government, president, king etc: · Brazil is one of the biggest countries in the world.· The northeast of the country will experience heavy rainfall and high winds.· Most people in this country are worried about the economy.all over/all around the country: · Riots and demonstrations broke out all over the country after the assassination of Martin Luther King. ► nation a country considered especially in relation to its people and its social and economic conditions and structures: · Japan has become one of the richest nations in the world.· Representatives from the world's leading industrial nations will meet in Geneva.nation of: · We are a nation of both great wealth and terrible poverty. ► state a country considered especially as a political unit that has a particular type of political organization: · In 1830, Greece became an independent state.· The state of Israel was created in 1948.a democratic/one-party etc state (=with that type of government): · For more than 70 years, the former Soviet Union was a one-party state.member state (=a country belonging to an international organization): · the member states of the European Union ► power a strong country that is able to influence other countries politically or economically: · The western powers hardly knew how to react to this threat.· France was the only European power not to sign the treaty.world power (=having influence all over the world): · Germany's strong industrial base has helped maintain its status as a major world power. ► superpower a nation that has very great military and political power: · The book traces the emergence of China as a superpower in the 21st century. ► land country - use this especially in stories and in formal speeches: · His travels in foreign lands provided him with the inspiration for many of his poems and songs.· Our story takes place in a far-off land, long, long ago. to govern a country► govern if a political party or group governs a country, its members make all the important decisions about laws, taxes, relationships with other countries etc: · The former Chancellor questioned the Prime Minister's ability to govern.· The PRI party has governed the country for more than seventy years.governing party (=the political party that is governing a country): · The governing party controls two-thirds of the parliament. ► run to control a country - use this also about a powerful person or group that controls a country but has not been elected: · Who's running this country, the government or the trade unions?· The revolutionary council ran the country until democratic elections were held.· The country is being run by an interim prime minister, Jean-Claude Cousin. ► rule if a king, queen, military leader, or a foreign government rules a country, they have official power over it: · Marcos ruled the Philippines for 20 years.· India was ruled by the British for a very long time. ► be in power if a political party or a leader is in power at a particular time, they are the government or leader of a country at that time: · Castro has been in power for more than 30 years.· Taxes were higher when the Democrats were in power. ► be in government especially British if a political party is in government , it has been elected to govern the country: · The Liberal Democrats have been in government for five years now.· He thought it unlikely that the Republican party would be in government for much longer. ► hold office to have an important job in a government, for example as its leader or as head of a government department: · Jemison had previously held office as Minister of Education.· In Mexico, the president holds office for a fixed term of six years.· People convicted of certain criminal offenses are not allowed to hold office. physical strength► strength the ability to lift or carry heavy things, to do a lot of physical work etc: · Men are better at some sports because of their greater physical strength.· Regular gym sessions will improve both your health and strength.· I didn't have the strength to climb any further.· Diana pulled on the rope with all her strength.build up your strength: · Bill was doing a lot of exercise to build up his strength. ► power a lot of physical strength in a particular part of your body: · Mike had tremendous power in his forearms.· A dynamometer is used to measure muscle power. ► brawn physical strength, use this especially to compare strength with intelligence or skill: · You can't be good at tennis if you rely on brawn alone -- it takes skill as well.· The battle was won by brain rather than brawn. ► force physical strength that is needed to be able to push, pull, or lift something: · I had to use force to get the window open.physical force: · The use of physical force by teachers tended to promote violent behaviour by pupils. ► stamina the ability to work hard, run, play sports etc for a long time without getting tired: · You need stamina to be a long-distance runner.· exercises to increase your strength and stamina ► staying power the ability to continue doing something difficult until it is finished: · You have to admire her staying power. No one else has managed to stick that job for more than a year!· Ahmedi's performances were world-class in the 1500 metres but he just didn't have the staying power for longer races. ► endurance the physical and mental strength you need to be able to continue in a very difficult, unpleasant, or uncomfortable situation for a long time: · The people showed great courage, patience, and endurance during the long years of the war.endurance test: · The triathlon is the ultimate endurance test.test of somebody's endurance (=a situation that needs great endurance): · The expeditions behind enemy lines were a tremendous test of one's endurance and nerves. WORD SETS► ElectricityA, AC, alternating current, nounamp, nounanode, nounarmature, nounbattery, nounblackout, nounblow, verbboost, nounbrownout, nounbulb, nouncathode, nouncell, nouncharge, nouncircuit, nouncircuit breaker, nouncontact, nouncurrent, noundiode, noundirect current, noundischarge, verbdischarge, noundisconnect, verbdry battery, noundry cell, noundynamo, nounelectric shock, nounelectrify, verbelectrocute, verbelectromagnetic, adjectivefilament, nounfluorescent, adjectivefuse, nounfuse, verbfuze, noungalvanic, adjectivegalvanism, noungenerator, nounground, nounground, verbhydroelectric, adjectiveimpedance, nounimpulse, nounincandescent, adjectiveinduction, nouninduction coil, nouninductive, adjectiveinsulating tape, nouninsulator, nounintegrated circuit, nounkilowatt, nounkW, kWh, LED, nounlight-emitting diode, nounlive wire, nounload, nounmaster switch, nounmicrowave, nounnegative, adjectivenuclear reactor, nounohm, nounoscilloscope, nounoutput, nounovercharge, verboverload, verbphotoelectric cell, nounpoint, nounpower, nounpower, adjectivepower cut, nounpower line, nounpower plant, nounpower point, nounpower station, nounpylon, nounrecharge, verbresistor, nounrewire, verbsocket, nounspark, nounspark, verbwatt, nounwattage, noun COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY Meaning 1verbs► have power Phrases· People who have power never seem to use it to help others. ► get/gain power· Women were trying to gain power in a male-dominated world. ► use your power (also exercise (your) power formal)· The party will use all its power and influence to raise the issue in the Senate.· Questions have been asked about the way the police exercised their power. ► wield power formal (=use power – used when someone has a lot of power)· The Church still wields enormous power in the country. adjectives► great/huge/enormous· The central banks have huge power. ► limited· The king's power was limited. ► political/economic/military power· countries with little economic power ► absolute power (=total power, with no limits)· Parents had absolute power over children in those days. ► unbridled power (=without any controls)· Certain wealthy men exercised unbridled power. ► real power· The real power lay with the president’s advisers. phrases► a power struggle (=a situation in which groups or leaders try to get control)· The country is locked in a power struggle between forces favouring and opposing change. ► the balance of power· There has been a shift in the balance of power between the two countries. ► a position of power (=a job or role that gives someone power)· Many of them were using their positions of power for personal advantage. ► an abuse of power (=a wrong or unfair use of power)· This cover-up is a scandalous abuse of power. Meaning 2verbs► be in power· The law was passed when the Democrats were in power. ► come to power (=start being in control)· Tony Blair came to power in 1997. ► take power (=start being in control, usually without an election)· Many people fled after the military took power last September. ► seize power (=take power by force)· His son seized power in a military coup. ► assume power formal (=take power)· He assumed power after the assassination of the former president. ► win power (=win an election)· The prime minister is facing his toughest challenge since winning power. ► rise to power· The Roman emperor Vespasian rose to power through command of an army. ► return/be returned to power (=start being in control again, usually after an election)· The party was returned to power with a reduced majority. ► hold power (=be in power)· Economic disaster befell the country during the decade when he held power. ► restore somebody to power (=put someone in control of a country again)· In 2004, the army restored him to power. ► sweep to power (=win an election easily)· Reagan swept to power by promising reforms. ► cling to power (=not lose it, or try not to lose it)· Mao Tse-tung, the leader of the 1949 Communist revolution, clung to power for 27 years. phrases► somebody’s rise to power· The programme examines Saddam Hussein’s rise to power. ► somebody’s return to power· Churchill’s return to power had an immediate effect upon Anglo-American relations. Meaning 5adjectives► mental powers· Is it possible to enhance your mental powers? ► creative powers· A music teacher should have a real interest in developing children’s creative powers. ► healing powers· The water was supposed to have healing powers. ► magical/special/miraculous powers· Diamonds were once thought to have magical powers. phrases► the power of speech· I was so surprised that I momentarily lost the power of speech. ► the power of flight· Some birds have lost the power of flight over millions of years. ► powers of observation· Experience improves our powers of observation, since it teaches us what to look for. ► powers of concentration· As you get older, your powers of concentration may decrease. ► powers of persuasion· She used all her powers of persuasion to convince Tilly that the move was a good idea. ► be at the height of your powers (=be at a time in your life when your abilities are strongest)· Fonteyn was still at the height of her powers as a dancer. verbs► lose a power· He was a brilliant speaker, who never lost the power to influence people. ► somebody’s powers are failing/waning (=becoming less good)· Mark felt that his creative powers were waning. Meaning 6ADJECTIVES/NOUN + power► nuclear power· The accident raised doubts about the safety of nuclear power. ► solar power (=energy produced by sunlight)· They use solar power for all their heating. ► wind power (=energy produced by the wind)· Is wind power the answer to the energy crisis? ► wave power (=energy produced by waves in the sea)· Wave power can be used to generate electricity. ► hydroelectric power (=energy produced by flowing water)· The factory is run on hydroelectric power. ► steam power (=energy produced from steam)· Early engines were driven by steam power. phrases► a source of power· One problem is their reliance on coal as the main source of power. Meaning 11ADJECTIVES/NOUN + power► a great power· Britain wanted to maintain her status as a great power. ► a major power (=very important one)· There will be representatives from all the world's major powers at the conference. ► a world power (=one with influence all over the world)· The United States had replaced Great Britain as the dominant world power. ► a military/naval power (=with a very strong army or navy)· Russia had become a naval power equal to Spain. ► a foreign power· He was charged with spying for a foreign power. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► abuse of power government officials’ abuse of power ► accession to power/to the throne (=the act of becoming king, queen, president etc) ► assumed power He assumed power in a bloody coup in 1990. ► the balance of power· the European balance of power ► holds the balance of power A small centre party holds the balance of power (=is able to make either side more powerful than the other by supporting them) in the Assembly. ► battery power· You can plug your laptop in or use it on battery power. ► battery powered/operated· A lot of children's toys are battery operated. ► bring somebody to power (=make someone have power over a country)· The revolution brought to power a communist government. ► a power cable (=an electric cable)· a power cable carrying 11,000 volts ► colonial power Britain was the largest colonial power. ► somebody’s powers of concentration (=someone’s ability to concentrate hard)· Great athletes are known for their powers of concentration. ► corporate power· the growth of corporate power ► destructive power the destructive power of modern weapons ► discretionary powers the court’s discretionary powers ► electric current/power/charge (=a flow of electricity) ► be powered by electricity· In an emergency, the hospital can be powered by electricity from a generator. ► emergency powers (=special powers that are given to the government, police, or army because there is a very serious situation)· The army was given emergency powers to help tackle the rising violence. ► beyond ... powers of endurance She was pushed beyond her powers of endurance. ► executive powers a commission with executive powers ► exert power· He exerts considerable power within the family. ► somebody’s powers of expression formal (=the ability to say or write what you feel)· I tried to put my feelings down on paper, but my powers of expression failed me. ► gain power· Many women wanted to gain power in a male-dominated world. ► handover of power a smooth handover of power ► legislative power The new assemblies will have no legislative power. ► lust for power Hitler’s lust for power ► monopoly of power They are demanding an end to the Communist Party’s monopoly of power. ► muscle strength/power· This exercise will help increase muscle strength. ► a power nap (=a short sleep at work, that gives you more energy and concentration)· Try taking a power nap before the meeting. ► somebody’s powers of observation (=someone’s abilty to watch things in a way that helps them learn and understand more)· In the past, people used their own powers of observation to forecast the weather. ► a party is in power· From 1945 until 1951 the Labour Party was in power in Britain. ► a party comes to power (=begins to be the government)· The ruling party came to power in May 2001. ► powers of persuasion She used all her powers of persuasion (=skill at persuading people) to convince Tilly that it was the right thing to do. ► political power· The poor have little political power. ► power politics (=attempting to get power by using or threatening to use force)· The party argued that power politics would always lead to war. ► a position of power/authority· Many used their positions of power for personal advantage. ► coal-fired/gas-fired power station► psychic powers a spiritual healer with psychic powers ► regain power· The central issue facing the Labour Party is how to regain power. ► a regime comes to power· He criticised European leaders for supporting a regime that came to power through violence. ► somebody’s rise to power· They were alarmed by Hitler’s rise to power. ► seize power/control (of something) The rebels have seized power. ► a power source (=something that produces power)· First, you need to turn off the power source. ► sovereign power/control► power structure (=the way in which the group of people who control a country or organization are organized)· He was a critic of the country’s power structure. ► power struggle a power struggle between forces favoring and opposing change ► superhuman power/strength/effort etc It will require a superhuman effort to get the job done on time. ► superior strength/power· He used his superior strength to wrestle Ben to the ground. ► sweep to power/victory Nixon and Agnew swept to victory with 47 million votes. ► the power switch· They have reverted to placing the mains power switch at the back of the unit. ► take control/charge/power The communists took power in 1948. Youngsters need to take control of their own lives. ► underestimate the importance/extent/effect/power etc of something Never underestimate the power of the press. ► a power vacuum· The leader's sudden death created a power vacuum. ► wave energy/power (=electricity from the movement of waves)· Wave power involves using the movement of the seas to generate electricity. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► colonial· Outside of Colombo, the capital, the main representatives of colonial power were the government agents and assistant government agents.· In some instances reforms in Sri Lanka even preceded those of the colonial power.· There was some variation in this regard as different colonial powers pursued different expansionist policies. ► discretionary· They have discretionary power to support students in further or higher education, including those who study part time.· In line with the services provided by other governmental agencies much local government activity occurs through the medium of discretionary powers.· How is the force organized and how extensive is its discretionary power?· Nothing was done to arrest this by the local council, which had discretionary powers to do so.· He accepted that the court did, under section 82, have the wide discretionary power of rectification contended for.· Everything is scripted for you; there is no room to use your mind or exercise discretionary power.· This discretionary use of power was the foundation of equity.· The discretionary power that de Gaulle gave his prime ministers varied over the course of his presidency. ► economic· However this largely-quantitative work seeks to understand relationships predominantly in terms of economic power, thereby ignoring the importance of emotional bonds.· To what extent this promotes economic power would be hard to estimate, but the two are certainly not unrelated.· Power and the superstructure From a Marxist perspective political power derives from economic power.· Although he wielded enormous economic power, Park never became a rich man and was not personally corrupt.· They sought legitimacy and a political outlet to match their enormous economic power.· But it was a great economic power.· This point was developed by Miliband in his distinction between economic power and state power.· They stubbornly demanded and eventually took their part of political and economic power in the nation they had helped win. ► electric· Many of the mergers were designed to set up monopolies to raise prices in industries such as steel, electric power and railways.· Special noise absorption materials are even mixed with road asphalt and coat electric power lines here.· Living close to overhead electric power lines causes health hazards.· Fires by the hundreds, ignited by overturned stoves and furnaces and downed electric power lines, sprang up in the ruins.· Loans made during the 1950s were mainly for the development of infrastructure, such as transport and electric power schemes.· S.-manufactured fuel cells for electric power use.· If the electric power could be cut, industry everywhere would be brought to a standstill.· In the auto shop, students are retrofitting trucks from Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to run on electric power. ► executive· This arrangement proved unsatisfactory because there was no corresponding transfer of executive power.· The Constitution confers on the President the whole executive power.· Elections to district assemblies with executive powers were held in December 1988 and January and February 1989.· Are government institutions strong enough to withstand a strengthened executive power?· During these periods Patterson exercised executive power, raising speculation that he might succeed Manley should he retire on health grounds.· The concentration of executive powers was a leading source of criticism heard by the delegation.· New distinctions were established between executive and judicial power, and between civil and criminal law.· Second, executive power will have grown at the expense of parliamentary power. ► great· I could not help her directly but only invoke the greatest power we eagles have.· It displays the extraordinary virtuosity which this scheme encourages, but has at the same time great sculptural power.· Most cultures have ascribed great power to ancestors or other long-dead figures.· So he determined to get the better of him not by means of his own great power but by means of a trick.· We note who has greater power based on a combination of knowledge, personality, and others support.· Once Bismarck had gone, there was a great fragmentation of power and responsibility.· Power was fragmented and diffuse among them, and they did not have great power over the rest of the organization. ► legislative· It has no substantial legislative powers and is as much a debating chamber as anything.· The Executive, except for recommendation and veto, has no legislative power.· If the Bundestag is unable to convene, legislative power goes to a joint committee of the Bundestag and Bundesrat.· A change of executive and legislative power was demanded.· This hits at the established doctrine that the courts recognise no legal limits to Parliament's legislative power.· Strictly speaking, there is no acceptable delegation of legislative power....· In the present case, however, a pure delegation of legislative power is precisely what we have before us. ► nuclear· That is for all nuclear powers to stand down from nuclear operations.· He would wear old woolen jackets and patched pants and let his hair grow and protest nuclear power.· He had led the team that developed the Soviet Union's atomic bomb and had begun seeking peaceful applications of nuclear power.· It could be heated by solar or nuclear power.· Some would argue that while nuclear power reactors exist, then a repetition is inevitable.· The original impetus for nuclear power, of course, was military.· Currently trends are also tending to make each nuclear power station a centre of support and development of the regional economy.· As a mathematician, Bertrand Russell pointed out that while there were two nuclear powers, only those two powers could quarrel. ► political· Politics or political behaviour is power in action.· This was done by widening the participation in the exercise of political power.· Nobody now supposes that political processes begin and end with elections, or that elected governments have a monopoly of political power.· For a few years after the Civil War, at least, black Texans had a taste of political power.· Part of the answer lies in the press's eternal fascination with those who wield political power.· They stubbornly demanded and eventually took their part of political and economic power in the nation they had helped win.· However, in the late eighteenth century the monarch still wielded considerable political power, appointing and dismissing governments according to choice.· Chapter 10 details three major explanations for how political power is distributed and how political decisions are made. ► real· However, for real power, personal attendance at court was essential.· But remodelling the local administration had little effect; real power remained in the hands of the leading citizens of Mondovi.· With real power in the world.· A randomly selected redistricting committee would leave the real power, again, with unelected staff.· We have the real power - the power of the purse.· Although Manelux is larger, in financial terms, there appears to be no real imbalance in power.· Legislatures are ineffectual, and real power is concentrated in the executive branch of government.· Women who sleep with the boss to get promotion never reach positions of real power. ► solar· But the idea of full-blown solar power stations is unrealistic in the foreseeable future.· The belt provides vast material resources, vast amounts of solar power, and vast elbow room.· Publications for teachers and pupils on wind and solar power are available.· Thus, it is solar power that provides the energy to heat the exhaust.· Other renewable options - biomass and solar power - are also being explored.· It could be heated by solar or nuclear power.· Many congressmen are keen to revive research into renewable energy sources like solar and wind power.· Yet these represent a relatively tiny portion of the uses for solar power. NOUN► base· Seniority provides committee chairmen with an independent power base and helps to insulate them from control by party leaders and presidents.· Hence, power bases are pivotal in the power equation.· Politicians who have their power base in these areas, including several presidential candidates, are also implicated.· Both groups had d power base of expertise.· Less reliance on power bases is found in managers who have the tactical and interpersonal skills to concentrate on the essential objectives.· Political power bases are initially fluid and unstable.· All these power bases depend on perceptions.· Next, department power bases should be considered. ► monopoly· The removal of tariffs can reduce monopoly power within the home country by increasing the possible sources of supply.· When this measure is larger than one, which happens in the presence of monopoly power, average revenue declines with output.· The rising concentration of industry and the possible adverse effects on monopoly power are viewed as the factors of paramount importance.· Also, when profits are driven down to zero, the degree of monopoly power equals the degree of economies of scale.· This excess of price over both marginal revenue and marginal cost is a convenient measure of the firm's monopoly power.· These monopoly power functions are constants when preferences are of the S-D-S type.· How should we measure the social cost of monopoly power and inefficient resource allocation?· The railroads were regulated to prevent the owners from using their monopoly power to reduce the incomes of their middle-class customers. ► plant· In 1995 Moscow signed a $ 800m agreement to build a nuclear power plant in Bushehr.· The concern arises when a nuclear power plant is refueled.· One is to construct extra high-voltage transmission lines to transmit electricity generated at mine-mouth power plants to distant load centres.· He squinted toward the power plant.· Such a process is now under way in the international power plant equipment industry.· You have helped rebuild power plants on their territories.· The cloud formed just north of the Soviet Kola Peninsula, where there are four nuclear power plants.· The power plants have shut down. ► station· Nearly all the power stations have worked out much more expensive to build than was estimated.· The power station plans to invest about $ 150 million over the next few years to replace generating units.· This must surely mean that acid rain was natural and the acidification of lochs had nothing to do with power stations.· Many operators are now building power stations outside the areas that object to them, and importing the power.· Harmful quantities of radiation are also released both before and after the uranium fuel enters the power station.· Nuclear power stations are notoriously unreliable and construction costs go way over original estimates.· Our power stations are notoriously inefficient.· During the 1970s, with two power stations in relatively peaceful operation, the Board consolidated its position on the Somerset coast. ► structure· This work centres on a examination of how crime is related to the power structure of society.· Jeffries' subject was the systematic effort by the white power structure to keep black people down.· The 1988 Act has made fundamental alterations to the power structure of the education system laid down in 1944.· In essence, the power structure at Mega transforms itself.· But existing power structures, not the new technology, will determine the boundaries of the new sources of power.· Until then there was no such thing as an economic sector independent of the power structure.· The point is self-subversion, overthrowing the power structure in your own head.· He's established a power structure inside the Washington power structure. ► struggle· The covert reasons why the scheme drew widespread support from Cardiff solicitors was that it was part of an internal power struggle.· A power struggle develops, as the toddler digs in his heels even further the more his father takes over.· The patron can call on his clients for active support, a facet which is important in local power struggles.· The elaborate public displays of those royal families had always camouflaged the most ruthless power struggles.· The events and power struggles which engulf them result in kidnapping, jealousy and romance!· Jobs co-founded Apple but left the Cupertino computer maker in a power struggle in 1984.· The most memorable thing about the complex power struggle that had this result was the fate of the losers.· Resentments, rivalry, rebuffs and power struggles appear to have knocked the stuffing out of you and undermined your confidence. ► supply· I have serious reservations about the power supply being installed inside the box, it really isn't safe enough.· So far we have concentrated on the use of helium-3 as a power supply for planet-bound civilization.· Turn off the pump's power supply first.· Unlike other memory chips, flash does not lose the stored contents when the computer is disconnected from a power supply.· AccuCard and its ilk sit between the power supply and the motherboard. so they're too far downstream to help.· Thin-film amorphous-silicon solar cells may be manufactured to expand the electrical power supply to the base.· The power supply will also fit inside the case but has to be removed from its casing before you can install it.· Such a piece of plutonium can maintain high temperatures without any external power supply, controls, or monitoring for many years. ► wind· Not surprisingly wind power is regarded as having considerable potential.· A big unknown is the fate of federal support for wind power.· Many congressmen are keen to revive research into renewable energy sources like solar and wind power.· The market could grow much bigger if countries further subsidize wind power to curb greenhouse gas emissions.· The government hopes that wind power will meet around a tenth of total electricity demand by the year 2000.· Both the photovoltaic and wind power systems for domestic hot-water provision would be even more effective if linked to a heat pump.· Steady base-load electricity sources will always be needed, and solar and wind power can only act as useful supplements.· Some estimates suggest that wind power could save 5-10 percent of the fossil fuel used by the Electric Corporation. VERB► assume· Mills rejects pluralist accounts because they mistakenly assume that power is only located in the political system.· She spied on him and watched closely over the friendships he formed, in order to prevent him from assuming power.· With the agreement of the two parties, Prince Norodom Sihanouk assumed power as head of state.· In the public sphere, women must assume sufficient power to change the cultural imagery and the political landscape.· But massive public protests enabled Mossadeq to return and to assume greater powers and authority than ever.· Some assumed that was a power play on your part.· Police and military leaders have insisted they are not interested in assuming power.· In the two months before he assumes power, Clinton must familiarise himself with what is really going on in Northern Ireland. ► exercise· It exercised no power over its cloak of fog, it gives no direction.· Here and now I need to experience the consequences of my actions, and to exercise the power of daily existence.· Under the Marcos dictatorship, the army was allowed to exercise vast powers.· Later, antitrust laws were introduced to stop other types of monopolists from exercising their mar-ket power.· In both houses, the reformers claimed, committee chairmen exercised disproportionate power.· Adult education specialists, in any case, do not exercise much power in this nation.· The scarcer the commodity - eg accountancy - the more the applicant will exercise his power of selection. ► gain· This helped them to gain height and get power when heading the ball.· Perhaps it would be best to defeat the Foundation and gain the power Wienis spoke of.· On the other hand, what they gain in power they lose in speed and mobility.· Tobaccocontrol advocates agree, saying their lack of vigilance in decades past had allowed the Tobacco Institute to gain power and influence.· Bandaranaike used Sinhalese chauvinism to gain power, but found he could not control it.· For decades, politicians have been trying to gain power in Washington by separating themselves from Washington.· It can be an attempt to gain wealth, power, prestige or praise.· Quite suddenly, they had gained the power to confer respectability. ► give· The Community can only act where member states have given it the power to do so in the treaties.· I had been given the power to obliterate, to steal a body from its grave and tear it to pieces.· Who will give you the power to choose - to say for yourself what you want?· The legislation also would give judges the power to increase sentences for juveniles, boosting the maximum detention period to 10 years.· In organisations people are only given sufficient power to carry out their responsibilities effectively.· We will introduce new legislation giving stronger powers to deal with cartels.· It could all have been a pack of lies that Uncle Max cooked up because it gave him such power over Tawno.· He responded with policies that restricted the franchise and gave the governor power to manipulate the composition of the lower legislative house. ► hold· On past records, most waverers go for the challenger rather than the one who holds power.· His essential point, that those who hold information hold power, is absolutely correct.· Shamanism is based on the premise that neither 227 human beings nor nature itself hold the ultimate power in the universe.· So, does it matter what the charge is called and who holds power at Westminster?· Trying to change organizations often strikes deeply at the psyches and identities of those managers who hold or want more power.· Since 1969 the centrist Free Democrats have held the balance of power in the Bundestag.· The bear seemed to hold him in the power of its evil gaze and in the musky odor of bear. ► lose· Becky had long ago lost the power to shock them.· Puget Sound Energy said 200,000 customers in western Washington lost service, but power was expected to be restored by nightfall.· Local authorities have lost important development-control powers and have had to release land to UDCs at extremely low prices.· And in this sense, the great capitalist wave seems to have lost little of its power.· A rune weapon will lose its powers for this time, and other rune-based magic items will be similarly affected.· How did the problematic modern assumptions eventually lose their power to convince after several hundred years of dominance?· Many birds lose the power of flight - for there are no large predators to make it worthwhile.· In the end national governments lose much of their power. ► seize· Having seized political power, the new ruling class presides over the transformation of the social structure.· He ruled Over the other Titans until his son Zeus dethroned him and seized the power for him-self.· Siban's son was a prisoner under sentence of death for his conspiracy to seize power.· When they then found out about their own significance in procreation they seized power entirely.· René seized power in a military coup in June 1977.· A Tutsi-led rebel group seized power in July 1994 and halted the slaughter soon afterward.· Military officers have tried to seize power six times since Mrs Aquino became President three years ago.· It means that women should seize communication power for their own emancipation and the liberation of all oppressed groups. ► share· Sometimes a party will win a period of office outright; more commonly perhaps two or more parties will share power.· He would not share power because it is difficult to share.· We also learn that the women here shared equal power with the men.· A central issue is whether two independent executives can share power effectively.· Elsewhere socialist parties have had to compete in multiparty and proportional electoral systems and usually share power in government.· The men in my corporation would they ever permit me to share real power?· Some civilians are upset at the prospect of sharing power with the armed forces, even in an advisory capacity.· This sharing of power through incorporating students into the administration of an undergraduate program is highly unusual in academic settings. ► stay· One thing is certain: Moscow will have a say as to whether the burdensome Lukashenko stays in power.· This Laser team actually looks as if it has some staying power.· Mrs Thatcher would win the election and she would probably stay in power for ever.· Whatever it would take to satisfy those needs will have more staying power within the organization than your job does. 4.· Most important, the party knows it must improve the country's living standards if it is to stay in power.· In track, only world record-holder Wang Junxia has had staying power since smashing world records in 1993. 16.· Alternatively, of course, a Conservative Government may stay in power, with, or without, the same Prime Minister.· One of the criteria for inclusion is staying power. ► use· People who care about the environment should use their power as citizens to bring the corporations and politicians to account.· I now feel that people who have power should use that power to help others.· Aphrodite using her power chiefly to ensnare and betray.· Donors now have economic control; they will always be tempted to use the power that this control brings.· Those groups, in turn, used violence and state power to protect their position.· And yet advocacy often feels like the only effective thing I can do. Use my so-called power to effect change.· The railroads were regulated to prevent the owners from using their monopoly power to reduce the incomes of their middle-class customers. ► wield· But in doing this they do not wield a power which is independent of the class struggle.· They are permitted to wield as much power as their parents, or more.· Thus high office remains accessible to a relatively wide range of royal kin and commoners wield significant power over the succession.· Though the central banks wield enormous power, we should not overstate their ability to shape the economy in the long run.· Now a generation of southern Republicans, brought up resenting the interfering ways of the federal government, is wielding disproportionate power.· Moreover, the actual spending will be tilted toward groups that wield the most political power.· In the dream, the baby wields incredible power.· The question is how the sheik plans to wield that power, and to what end. PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► air/sea power Word family
WORD FAMILYnounpowersuperpowerpowerlessnessempowermentadjectivepowerful ≠ powerlessoverpoweringpowerpoweredverbpowerempoweroverpoweradverbpowerfully ≠ powerlesslyoverpoweringly 1control [uncountable] the ability or right to control people or events → powerful, powerlesspower over People should have more power over the decisions that affect their lives.power-mad/power-crazy/power-hungry (=wanting too much power) power-hungry politicians2government [uncountable] the position of having political control of a country or governmentin power The voters have once again shown their support for the party in power.come/rise to power (=start having political control) De Gaulle came to power in 1958. They seized power in a military coup.3influence [uncountable] the ability to influence people or give them strong feelings → powerful, powerlesspower of the power of his writing the immense power of television the pulling power (=ability to attract people or attention) of major celebritiesstudent/black/consumer etc power (=the political or social influence a particular group has)4right/authority [countable, uncountable] the right or authority to do something: The police have been given special powers to help them in the fight against terrorism.power to do something The committee has the power to order an enquiry.power of arrest/veto etc The chairman has the power of veto on all decisions.5ability [countable, uncountable] a natural or special ability to do something: After the accident she lost the power of speech (=ability to speak).powers of observation/concentration/persuasion a writer’s powers of observation your mental powers a stone with magical powers6energy [uncountable] energy that can be used to make a machine work or to make electricitynuclear/wind/solar etc power Many people are opposed to the use of nuclear power. the search for renewable sources of powerunder power The ship was able to leave port under its own power (=without help from another machine, ship etc).7earning/purchasing/bargaining etc power the ability to earn money, buy things etc: Property in the city is beyond the purchasing power of most people. your bargaining power in pay negotiations8strength [uncountable] the physical strength or effect of something → powerful: the power of a cheetah’s long legs The power of the explosion smashed windows across the street.9electricity [uncountable] electricity that is used in houses, factories etc: Make sure the power is switched off first.power cut/failure/outage (=a short time when the electricity supply is not working) Parts of the country have had power cuts because of the storms. The power came back on.10air/sea power the number of planes or ships that a country has available to use in a war11strong country [countable] a country that is strong and important and can influence events, or that has a lot of military strength → powerful, powerless: Egypt is still a major power in the Middle East.world power (=a country that can influence events in different parts of the world)► see thesaurus at country12be in/within somebody’s power (to do something) if it is in someone’s power to do something, they have the authority or ability to do it: I wish it was within my power to change the decision.do everything/all in your power The ambassador promised to do everything in his power to get the hostages released.13be beyond somebody’s power (to do something) if it is beyond someone’s power to do something, they do not have the authority or ability to do it: It’s beyond the power of the court to make such a decision.14be in somebody’s power literary to be in a situation in which someone has complete control over you15do somebody a power of good British English informal to make someone feel more healthy, happy, and hopeful about the future: It looks as if your holiday has done you a power of good.16mathematics [countable] if a number is increased to the power of three, four, five etc, it is multiplied by itself three, four, five etc times17the powers that be the unknown people who have important positions of authority and power, and whose decisions affect your life: The powers that be don’t want the media to get hold of the story.18lens [uncountable] technical the ability of a lens, for example in a pair of glasses or a microscope, to make things look bigger19the powers of good/evil/darkness unknown or magical forces that people believe can influence events in a good or evil way20a power in the land old-fashioned someone who has a lot of power and influence in a country21the power behind the throne someone who secretly controls and influences decisions made by the leader or government of a country, but who does not have an official government position22power trip informal if you are on a power trip, you are enjoying your power or authority in a way that other people think is unpleasant → staying power, balance of power, high-poweredCOLLOCATIONS– Meaning 1verbshave power· People who have power never seem to use it to help others.get/gain power· Women were trying to gain power in a male-dominated world.use your power (also exercise (your) power formal)· The party will use all its power and influence to raise the issue in the Senate.· Questions have been asked about the way the police exercised their power.wield power formal (=use power – used when someone has a lot of power)· The Church still wields enormous power in the country.adjectivesgreat/huge/enormous· The central banks have huge power.limited· The king's power was limited.political/economic/military power· countries with little economic powerabsolute power (=total power, with no limits)· Parents had absolute power over children in those days.unbridled power (=without any controls)· Certain wealthy men exercised unbridled power.real power· The real power lay with the president’s advisers.phrasesa power struggle (=a situation in which groups or leaders try to get control)· The country is locked in a power struggle between forces favouring and opposing change.the balance of power· There has been a shift in the balance of power between the two countries.a position of power (=a job or role that gives someone power)· Many of them were using their positions of power for personal advantage.an abuse of power (=a wrong or unfair use of power)· This cover-up is a scandalous abuse of power.COLLOCATIONS– Meaning 2verbsbe in power· The law was passed when the Democrats were in power.come to power (=start being in control)· Tony Blair came to power in 1997.take power (=start being in control, usually without an election)· Many people fled after the military took power last September.seize power (=take power by force)· His son seized power in a military coup.assume power formal (=take power)· He assumed power after the assassination of the former president.win power (=win an election)· The prime minister is facing his toughest challenge since winning power.rise to power· The Roman emperor Vespasian rose to power through command of an army.return/be returned to power (=start being in control again, usually after an election)· The party was returned to power with a reduced majority.hold power (=be in power)· Economic disaster befell the country during the decade when he held power.restore somebody to power (=put someone in control of a country again)· In 2004, the army restored him to power.sweep to power (=win an election easily)· Reagan swept to power by promising reforms.cling to power (=not lose it, or try not to lose it)· Mao Tse-tung, the leader of the 1949 Communist revolution, clung to power for 27 years.phrasessomebody’s rise to power· The programme examines Saddam Hussein’s rise to power.somebody’s return to power· Churchill’s return to power had an immediate effect upon Anglo-American relations.COLLOCATIONS– Meaning 5adjectivesmental powers· Is it possible to enhance your mental powers?creative powers· A music teacher should have a real interest in developing children’s creative powers.healing powers· The water was supposed to have healing powers.magical/special/miraculous powers· Diamonds were once thought to have magical powers.phrasesthe power of speech· I was so surprised that I momentarily lost the power of speech.the power of flight· Some birds have lost the power of flight over millions of years.powers of observation· Experience improves our powers of observation, since it teaches us what to look for.powers of concentration· As you get older, your powers of concentration may decrease.powers of persuasion· She used all her powers of persuasion to convince Tilly that the move was a good idea.be at the height of your powers (=be at a time in your life when your abilities are strongest)· Fonteyn was still at the height of her powers as a dancer.verbslose a power· He was a brilliant speaker, who never lost the power to influence people.somebody’s powers are failing/waning (=becoming less good)· Mark felt that his creative powers were waning.COLLOCATIONS– Meaning 6ADJECTIVES/NOUN + powernuclear power· The accident raised doubts about the safety of nuclear power.solar power (=energy produced by sunlight)· They use solar power for all their heating.wind power (=energy produced by the wind)· Is wind power the answer to the energy crisis?wave power (=energy produced by waves in the sea)· Wave power can be used to generate electricity.hydroelectric power (=energy produced by flowing water)· The factory is run on hydroelectric power.steam power (=energy produced from steam)· Early engines were driven by steam power.phrasesa source of power· One problem is their reliance on coal as the main source of power.COLLOCATIONS– Meaning 11ADJECTIVES/NOUN + powera great power· Britain wanted to maintain her status as a great power.a major power (=very important one)· There will be representatives from all the world's major powers at the conference.a world power (=one with influence all over the world)· The United States had replaced Great Britain as the dominant world power.a military/naval power (=with a very strong army or navy)· Russia had become a naval power equal to Spain.a foreign power· He was charged with spying for a foreign power.power1 nounpower2 verbpower3 adjective powerpower2 ●○○ verb Verb TableVERB TABLE power
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES word sets
WORD SETS► Power Collocationsatomic, adjectiveatomic energy, nounbeam, nounbeam, verbbiomass, nounbionic, adjectiveboiler, nounburn, verbclockwork, nouncooling tower, nouncore, nouncritical mass, noundrive, verbdynamic, adjectiveenergy, nounengine, nounfallout, nounfirewood, nounfluorescent, adjectivegenerate, verbgeneration, nounheat, nounheater, nounheating, nouninfra-red, adjectiveirradiate, verbjuice, nounkerosene, nounmeltdown, nounmeter, verbmotor, nounmotor, adjectivemotorized, adjectivenon-renewable, adjectivenuclear, adjectivenuclear fission, nounnuclear-free, adjectivenuclear fusion, nounoutage, nounpeat, nounpetrochemical, nounpetrol, nounpneumatic, adjectivepower, nounpower, verbpower plant, nounquantum, nounradiate, verbradiation, nounradioactive waste, nounradio wave, nounray, nounreactor, nounregister, nounthermostat, nountreadmill, nounturbine, nounwave, nounwavelength, nounwindmill, noun COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► abuse of power Phrases government officials’ abuse of power ► accession to power/to the throne (=the act of becoming king, queen, president etc) ► assumed power He assumed power in a bloody coup in 1990. ► the balance of power· the European balance of power ► holds the balance of power A small centre party holds the balance of power (=is able to make either side more powerful than the other by supporting them) in the Assembly. ► battery power· You can plug your laptop in or use it on battery power. ► battery powered/operated· A lot of children's toys are battery operated. ► bring somebody to power (=make someone have power over a country)· The revolution brought to power a communist government. ► a power cable (=an electric cable)· a power cable carrying 11,000 volts ► colonial power Britain was the largest colonial power. ► somebody’s powers of concentration (=someone’s ability to concentrate hard)· Great athletes are known for their powers of concentration. ► corporate power· the growth of corporate power ► destructive power the destructive power of modern weapons ► discretionary powers the court’s discretionary powers ► electric current/power/charge (=a flow of electricity) ► be powered by electricity· In an emergency, the hospital can be powered by electricity from a generator. ► emergency powers (=special powers that are given to the government, police, or army because there is a very serious situation)· The army was given emergency powers to help tackle the rising violence. ► beyond ... powers of endurance She was pushed beyond her powers of endurance. ► executive powers a commission with executive powers ► exert power· He exerts considerable power within the family. ► somebody’s powers of expression formal (=the ability to say or write what you feel)· I tried to put my feelings down on paper, but my powers of expression failed me. ► gain power· Many women wanted to gain power in a male-dominated world. ► handover of power a smooth handover of power ► legislative power The new assemblies will have no legislative power. ► lust for power Hitler’s lust for power ► monopoly of power They are demanding an end to the Communist Party’s monopoly of power. ► muscle strength/power· This exercise will help increase muscle strength. ► a power nap (=a short sleep at work, that gives you more energy and concentration)· Try taking a power nap before the meeting. ► somebody’s powers of observation (=someone’s abilty to watch things in a way that helps them learn and understand more)· In the past, people used their own powers of observation to forecast the weather. ► a party is in power· From 1945 until 1951 the Labour Party was in power in Britain. ► a party comes to power (=begins to be the government)· The ruling party came to power in May 2001. ► powers of persuasion She used all her powers of persuasion (=skill at persuading people) to convince Tilly that it was the right thing to do. ► political power· The poor have little political power. ► power politics (=attempting to get power by using or threatening to use force)· The party argued that power politics would always lead to war. ► a position of power/authority· Many used their positions of power for personal advantage. ► coal-fired/gas-fired power station► psychic powers a spiritual healer with psychic powers ► regain power· The central issue facing the Labour Party is how to regain power. ► a regime comes to power· He criticised European leaders for supporting a regime that came to power through violence. ► somebody’s rise to power· They were alarmed by Hitler’s rise to power. ► seize power/control (of something) The rebels have seized power. ► a power source (=something that produces power)· First, you need to turn off the power source. ► sovereign power/control► power structure (=the way in which the group of people who control a country or organization are organized)· He was a critic of the country’s power structure. ► power struggle a power struggle between forces favoring and opposing change ► superhuman power/strength/effort etc It will require a superhuman effort to get the job done on time. ► superior strength/power· He used his superior strength to wrestle Ben to the ground. ► sweep to power/victory Nixon and Agnew swept to victory with 47 million votes. ► the power switch· They have reverted to placing the mains power switch at the back of the unit. ► take control/charge/power The communists took power in 1948. Youngsters need to take control of their own lives. ► underestimate the importance/extent/effect/power etc of something Never underestimate the power of the press. ► a power vacuum· The leader's sudden death created a power vacuum. ► wave energy/power (=electricity from the movement of waves)· Wave power involves using the movement of the seas to generate electricity. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADVERB► forward· She surfaced beneath the canopy, dived again and powered forward until she could see clear water above. ► up· Jazz was still powering up and down, deaf to Nails's pleas.· Save this task until the system unit is re-assembled and powered up.· I powered up gradually, settling into an easy, long-paced stride that got my lungs working properly and readied my legs.· A fourth slider takes care of volume and a status light shows when the circuit is powered up.· His code was no problem; hadn't she seen it enough times anyway when he powered up the network?· We also hired a speedboat in Ipsos and powered up the coast for a beautiful view. NOUN► battery· It fitted into a briefcase, and being battery powered was more deserving of the term portable.· While submerged, batteries power an electric motor that drives the propeller.· The heavier the motors, the bigger the batteries needed to power it. ► car· Noise levels are exceptionally low for engines that are, after all, fairly small for powering such cars.· Each unit will have two powered driving cars equipped with three-phase motors and a centre trailer. ► engine· Making the engine that powered Williams to the Formula 1 constructors' championship can't be bad for business, either.· Mr Kamen is also known to have done research into a novel kind of engine that might power such a device.· First one engine powered inflatable was heard to leave the shore in the direction of Guiding Lights. ► mill· Both have powered mills, but the Carrant Brook was much more heavily utilised.· Further upstream towards Brockworth, the brook also powered a corn mill, but of Brockworth Mill there is now little trace.· This formerly powered a number of mills, involved in some way with the cloth trade.· This powered a mill at Ruspidge near Cinderford.· The Blackpool Brook also powered the old mill at Nibley. ► motor· The supply also had to power some huge electric motors, and some of these were constantly switching in and out.· While submerged, batteries power an electric motor that drives the propeller.· Both the projector and the turntable were powered by the same motor to ensure they ran at the same speed. PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► bargaining position/power Word family
WORD FAMILYnounpowersuperpowerpowerlessnessempowermentadjectivepowerful ≠ powerlessoverpoweringpowerpoweredverbpowerempoweroverpoweradverbpowerfully ≠ powerlesslyoverpoweringly 1[transitive] to supply power to a vehicle or machine: It’s powered by a Ferrari V12 engine.GRAMMAR Power is usually passive in this meaning.2[intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to move with a lot of force and speed: His strong body powered through the water. → high-poweredpower something ↔ up phrasal verb to make a machine start working: Never move a computer while it is powered up.power1 nounpower2 verbpower3 adjective powerpower3 adjective [only before noun] ExamplesEXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES word sets
WORD SETS► Electricity CollocationsA, AC, alternating current, nounamp, nounanode, nounarmature, nounbattery, nounblackout, nounblow, verbboost, nounbrownout, nounbulb, nouncathode, nouncell, nouncharge, nouncircuit, nouncircuit breaker, nouncontact, nouncurrent, noundiode, noundirect current, noundischarge, verbdischarge, noundisconnect, verbdry battery, noundry cell, noundynamo, nounelectric shock, nounelectrify, verbelectrocute, verbelectromagnetic, adjectivefilament, nounfluorescent, adjectivefuse, nounfuse, verbfuze, noungalvanic, adjectivegalvanism, noungenerator, nounground, nounground, verbhydroelectric, adjectiveimpedance, nounimpulse, nounincandescent, adjectiveinduction, nouninduction coil, nouninductive, adjectiveinsulating tape, nouninsulator, nounintegrated circuit, nounkilowatt, nounkW, kWh, LED, nounlight-emitting diode, nounlive wire, nounload, nounmaster switch, nounmicrowave, nounnegative, adjectivenuclear reactor, nounohm, nounoscilloscope, nounoutput, nounovercharge, verboverload, verbphotoelectric cell, nounpoint, nounpower, nounpower, adjectivepower cut, nounpower line, nounpower plant, nounpower point, nounpower station, nounpylon, nounrecharge, verbresistor, nounrewire, verbsocket, nounspark, nounspark, verbwatt, nounwattage, noun COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► abuse of power Phrases government officials’ abuse of power ► accession to power/to the throne (=the act of becoming king, queen, president etc) ► assumed power He assumed power in a bloody coup in 1990. ► the balance of power· the European balance of power ► holds the balance of power A small centre party holds the balance of power (=is able to make either side more powerful than the other by supporting them) in the Assembly. ► battery power· You can plug your laptop in or use it on battery power. ► battery powered/operated· A lot of children's toys are battery operated. ► bring somebody to power (=make someone have power over a country)· The revolution brought to power a communist government. ► a power cable (=an electric cable)· a power cable carrying 11,000 volts ► colonial power Britain was the largest colonial power. ► somebody’s powers of concentration (=someone’s ability to concentrate hard)· Great athletes are known for their powers of concentration. ► corporate power· the growth of corporate power ► destructive power the destructive power of modern weapons ► discretionary powers the court’s discretionary powers ► electric current/power/charge (=a flow of electricity) ► be powered by electricity· In an emergency, the hospital can be powered by electricity from a generator. ► emergency powers (=special powers that are given to the government, police, or army because there is a very serious situation)· The army was given emergency powers to help tackle the rising violence. ► beyond ... powers of endurance She was pushed beyond her powers of endurance. ► executive powers a commission with executive powers ► exert power· He exerts considerable power within the family. ► somebody’s powers of expression formal (=the ability to say or write what you feel)· I tried to put my feelings down on paper, but my powers of expression failed me. ► gain power· Many women wanted to gain power in a male-dominated world. ► handover of power a smooth handover of power ► legislative power The new assemblies will have no legislative power. ► lust for power Hitler’s lust for power ► monopoly of power They are demanding an end to the Communist Party’s monopoly of power. ► muscle strength/power· This exercise will help increase muscle strength. ► a power nap (=a short sleep at work, that gives you more energy and concentration)· Try taking a power nap before the meeting. ► somebody’s powers of observation (=someone’s abilty to watch things in a way that helps them learn and understand more)· In the past, people used their own powers of observation to forecast the weather. ► a party is in power· From 1945 until 1951 the Labour Party was in power in Britain. ► a party comes to power (=begins to be the government)· The ruling party came to power in May 2001. ► powers of persuasion She used all her powers of persuasion (=skill at persuading people) to convince Tilly that it was the right thing to do. ► political power· The poor have little political power. ► power politics (=attempting to get power by using or threatening to use force)· The party argued that power politics would always lead to war. ► a position of power/authority· Many used their positions of power for personal advantage. ► coal-fired/gas-fired power station► psychic powers a spiritual healer with psychic powers ► regain power· The central issue facing the Labour Party is how to regain power. ► a regime comes to power· He criticised European leaders for supporting a regime that came to power through violence. ► somebody’s rise to power· They were alarmed by Hitler’s rise to power. ► seize power/control (of something) The rebels have seized power. ► a power source (=something that produces power)· First, you need to turn off the power source. ► sovereign power/control► power structure (=the way in which the group of people who control a country or organization are organized)· He was a critic of the country’s power structure. ► power struggle a power struggle between forces favoring and opposing change ► superhuman power/strength/effort etc It will require a superhuman effort to get the job done on time. ► superior strength/power· He used his superior strength to wrestle Ben to the ground. ► sweep to power/victory Nixon and Agnew swept to victory with 47 million votes. ► the power switch· They have reverted to placing the mains power switch at the back of the unit. ► take control/charge/power The communists took power in 1948. Youngsters need to take control of their own lives. ► underestimate the importance/extent/effect/power etc of something Never underestimate the power of the press. ► a power vacuum· The leader's sudden death created a power vacuum. ► wave energy/power (=electricity from the movement of waves)· Wave power involves using the movement of the seas to generate electricity. PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► power breakfast/lunch etc Word family
WORD FAMILYnounpowersuperpowerpowerlessnessempowermentadjectivepowerful ≠ powerlessoverpoweringpowerpoweredverbpowerempoweroverpoweradverbpowerfully ≠ powerlesslyoverpoweringly 1driven by an electric motor: power tools power shower2power breakfast/lunch etc informal a meal at which people meet to discuss business3power suit informal clothes which you wear at work to make you look important or confident |
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