单词 | summer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 | summer1 nounsummer2 verb summersum‧mer1 /ˈsʌmə $ -ər/ ●●● S1 W1 noun [countable, uncountable] Word OriginWORD ORIGINsummer1 ExamplesOrigin: Old English sumorEXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES word sets
WORD SETS► Chronology CollocationsAD, advance, verbafter, prepositionafternoon, nounalarm, nounalarm clock, nouna.m., Anno Domini, annual, adjectiveApril, nounAsh Wednesday, nounAug., August, nounautumn, nounautumnal, adjectivebank holiday, nounBC, BCE, biannual, adjectivebicentenary, nounbicentennial, nounbiennial, adjectivebimonthly, adjectivebirthday, nounbiweekly, adjectivebonfire night, nounBoxing Day, nounBritish Summer Time, nounBST, nouncalendar, nouncalendar month, nouncalendar year, nouncarriage clock, nouncentenary, nouncentury, nounChristmas, nounChristmas Day, nounChristmas Eve, nounChristmastime, nounchronograph, nounchronological, adjectivechronometer, nouncircadian, adjectiveclock, nouncrystal, nouncuckoo clock, nouncycle, nouncyclic, adjectivedaily, adjectivedaily, adverbdate, noundate, verbdawn, nounday, nounDec., decade, nounDecember, noundiamond anniversary, noundiamond jubilee, noundinnertime, noundiurnal, adjectived.o.b., due date, noundusk, nounface, nounFather's Day, nounfeast, nounFebruary, nounfortnightly, adjectiveFourth of July, the, Fri., Friday, nounGood Friday, nounGreenwich Mean Time, nounGregorian calendar, nounguy, nounGuy Fawkes Night, nounhalf-hourly, adjectivehalf-yearly, adjectiveHalloween, nounhand, nounHanukkah, nounharvest festival, nounHogmanay, nounhorn, nounhour, nounhourglass, nounhour hand, nounhr, Independence Day, nounJan., January, nounjubilee, nounJuly, nounJune, nounLabor Day, nounleap year, nounlunar month, nounmainspring, nounman-hour, nounMar., March, nounMardi Gras, nounmarket day, nounMaundy Thursday, nounMay, nounMay Day, nounMichaelmas, nounmidday, nounmiddle age, nounmiddle-aged, adjectivemidnight, nounMidsummer Day, nounmidweek, adjectivemillennium, nounmin., minute hand, nounMon., Monday, nounmonth, nounmorn, nounmorning, nounMothering Sunday, nounMother's Day, nounmovable feast, nounnew moon, nounNew Year, nounNew Year's Day, nounNew Year's Eve, nounnight, nounnightfall, nounnighttime, nounnocturnal, adjectiveNoel, nounnoon, nounnoonday, adjectiveNov., November, nounOct., October, nounp.a., Pancake Day, nounPDT, penultimate, adjectiveper annum, adverbper diem, adverbperiodic, adjectivep.m., PST, public holiday, nounquarter, nounquotidian, adjectiveRemembrance Day, nounSat., Saturday, nounschoolday, nounseason, nounsecond, nounsecond hand, nounself-winding, adjectiveSeptember, nounshockproof, adjectivesilver anniversary, nounsilver jubilee, nounsilver wedding anniversary, nounsolar year, nounsolstice, nounspring, nounspringtime, nounstandard time, nounstopwatch, nounsummer, nounsummer solstice, nounsummertime, nounsummery, adjectiveSun., Sunday, nounsundown, nounsunrise, nounsunset, nounsun-up, nountercentenary, nounThanksgiving, nounthirty, numberThursday, nountime, nountime, verbtimepiece, nountimer, nountime signal, nountime warp, nountime zone, nountoday, adverbtoday, nountomorrow, adverbtomorrow, nountonight, adverbtonight, nountriennial, adjectiveTuesday, nountwilight, nounWed., Wednesday, nounweek, nounweekday, nounweekend, nounweekly, adjectiveweeknight, nounWhit, nounWhitsun, nounwinter, nounwintertime, nounwk., wristwatch, nounyear, nounyesterday, adverbyr., Yule, nounYuletide, noun COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYadjectives► hot Phrases· It had been a long hot summer. ► dry/wet· We’ve had a very dry summer. ► high summer (=the middle of summer)· In high summer, food was plentiful. ► early/late summer· In the late summer of 1931, Joe returned to Oxford. ► last/next summer· He visited Brittany last summer. summer + NOUN► a summer holiday British English, a summer vacation American English· Where are you going for your summer holiday? ► a summer’s day/evening (also a summer day/evening)· It was a beautiful summer’s day. ► the summer months· The garden is open daily in the summer months. ► the summer season· The resort was crammed with holidaymakers for the whole of the summer season. ► the summer heat· Crowds of shoppers are sweltering in the summer heat. ► the summer sun· They lay on the beach, soaking up the summer sun. phrases► in/at the height of summer (=in the middle of summer)· Even in the height of summer, it’s cool in here. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► a summer breeze· He felt the soft summer breeze against his skin. ► winter/summer clothes· The shops are already full of winter clothes. ► winter/summer clothing► a weekend/summer cottage (=that the owners go to at weekends or in the summer)· They live in London but they also have a weekend cottage by the sea. ► a summer dress· a cool blue summer dress ► early spring/summer etc· These plants produce flowers from early spring to late summer. ► a spring/summer etc evening· On a summer evening, the streets are full of people. ► a spring/summer/autumn/winter flower· The mountainsides were blanketed with spring flowers. ► the summer heat· He went indoors to escape the summer heat. ► a summer holiday· They were going to a house on the coast for their summer holidays. ► the summer/autumn/winter/spring months· It’s very cold here during the winter months. ► a summer/winter etc morning· They set off on a beautiful spring morning. ► the summer/winter sky· Her eyes were as blue as the summer sky. ► the summer/winter solstice (=the longest or shortest day of the year) ► a winter/summer storm· People fear there may be more flooding when the winter storms hit. ► the spring/summer/autumn/winter sunshine· She was sitting in the garden, enjoying the spring sunshine. ► the spring/summer/autumn term· Mrs Collins will be leaving us at the end of the summer term. ► a summer vacation· What did you do on your summer vacation? ► winter/summer etc wardrobe (=the clothes you have for a particular time of year) COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► early· She recollected the way, even backwards and in the early summer greenness.· Norton had decided as early as the summer of 1882 that the battle was lost.· When he woke up, stiff and uncomfortable, the early summer dawn was lighting the room.· In the early summer of 1968 Father Edward Sponga, the provincial, or superior, of the province suddenly disappeared.· The contract is scheduled to be completed by early summer.· The river is benign now but will turn into a threatening torrent when the monsoons begin in early summer.· Bath was more beautiful than ever in the early summer.· In early summer of 1951, we heard the news we had been waiting for. ► high· Our guests anticipate the end of high summer and the start of autumn.· Say you were stuck out in the Sonoran wilderness at high noon in summer, lost, thirsty and tired.· In high summer, provisions were plentiful, but would have to be gathered and loaded.· But that could be shortened to just two high readings this summer.· By high summer the downland fields are magnificent blocks of green-headed wheat.· Plans are to enroll 100 participants from five high schools this summer and then expand the program in future years.· The high blue summer weather goes on and on and by mid-afternoon it's hot up here under the leads.· It was high summer, a warm sunny day. ► hot· Often at night that hot summer the new overburdened power plants would give up and die.· But, I just found it too hot in the summer and too cold in the winter.· During the hot summers I've had a lot of lettuce and tomato with maybe a bit of fruit.· I had a conversation with Marjorie Kelly, editor of Business Ethics magazine, on a hot summer morning.· Another mild spring and long, hot summer?· He became increasingly frustrated by his inability to preserve food, especially dairy products, during hot summer months.· It had been a hot summer, and dust rose from the rough flags as they settled. ► last· Primary national science test results have improved steadily, with 78 per cent of pupils reaching the required standard last summer.· When Eddie and I went to the fair last summer, you laughed at us. ► late· The beauty of that late summer came to seem, finally, quite bizarre.· Proper cleansing and moisturising are essential to avoid the effects of sunbathing and those long, late summer nights.· In the late summer, however, the leaves disappear and the plant does not resume growth until the beginning of spring.· The fields here were fringed with rowan trees, their bright red berries clashing horribly with the purple heather of late summer.· In the late summer, they thought the epidemic was over.· He could only imagine the impatience of the thousands waiting in the late summer sun outside.· A 24-week program will start in late summer. ► long· Cool, refreshing pastel shades are just right for a long hot summer!· With school being such a lifeline for my beleaguered psyche, the long summer vacation presented a uniquely gloomy and purgatorial prospect.· Another mild spring and long, hot summer?· And by the neglect of the long hot summer.· Perhaps not even in the long summer that stretched ahead of them.· So a long hot summer with bright, sunny days well into September will result in a high concentration of both pigments.· Proper cleansing and moisturising are essential to avoid the effects of sunbathing and those long, late summer nights. NOUN► camp· Allen said that he called Previn at summer camp in 1991, using the name George Simon.· For Olajuwon, the Dream Team experience has been like a summer camp at a very exclusive boys' club.· Sigua was reported to have fled to the rebel headquarters in a Komsomol summer camp outside Tbilisi to avoid arrest.· This year, too, the Pillow experience was like summer camp for the dancers.· It was running like a well-oiled machine, instead of like a slightly out-of-control summer camp.· Also, the West Coast is where my family, summer camps and friends are.· The Sea Cadets had a summer camp in the naval base at Aultbea with good facilities.· The question of whether children were safe at summer camp or not made for much parental discussion and anxiety. ► day· The old building, seen from the Thames on summer days, is quietly and broodingly majestic.· On a sweltering, humid summer day, no one in Philly sweats.· He had a peculiar droning voice that reminded people of summer days and of buzzing from high up.· It was a hot summer day, and our employees were dressed... casually.· On sunny summer days it is possible to enjoy the dancing of the butterflies on the wild flower-rich embankments.· The average 1995 worldwide temperature was 59. 7 degrees, or the equivalent of a summer day in London.· David and his pals spent long summer days at the local swimming pool and they were out to impress the girls.· It is a clear blue summer day, I am completely happy. ► evening· This woman arrived at the refuge early one summer evening in 1982 after a row over the dinner.· We crossed a park and walked through a ring of benches where peo-ple were enjoying the summer evening.· It was a typical summer evening in June.· Society of summer evenings in Lake Wobegon was formal and genteel.· I watched Ilsa climb the stairs in the golden haze of the summer evening.· Another time, the school on the next block goes up in flames on a summer evening.· Magnificent patches of white elder, their scent adding to the heady summer evening.· The recollection of the summer evening sunlight coming through the large window behind the preacher's head evokes many nostalgic memories. ► holiday· By chance he, his wife and child had spent their summer holiday at Sam Son.· High standards of plumbing, sanitation and hygiene; special factors: school summer holiday peak demand; operator reliability and continuity.· The really outstanding events of the year were the Powells' party and the summer holiday in Cornwall.· He had only been in for a few nights after his first summer holiday in the five years I'd owned him.· My coming summer holiday started on the same day as my cousin's, and I was much looking forward to it.· Instead of chilling with my friends after my GCSEs, I spent my summer holidays travelling the country.· I must admit to enjoying the end of the summer holiday. ► month· Yet again it is the summer months that look the most fertile.· The museum is open daily during the summer months.· Also during the summer months, one of the Diocesan students for the priesthood came to Lartington on placement.· Food is at its most plentiful during the short summer months, when the snow melts to uncover the higher mountain pastures.· The projects will be supported and supervised over the summer months by staff of the Enterprise Centre.· The mill can be seen working at weekends and bank holidays in the summer months. ► night· I talked to them in the Friends' Meeting House on a dark and stormy summer night.· Restless cars and people, mostly young, roved aimlessly, exploring the summer night.· The watchers from Berwick's walls presently could see them no more, in an overcast early summer night.· Ted Lame, shirtless in the heat of the summer night, was waiting for them where they crossed Highway 18.· Those summer nights at Hury will stay with me for ever.· One summer night we sat outside under the gnarled 100-year-old trees and talked while his mom finished fixing dinner.· Midnight sunlight shining through fogs gives the GISP2 drill tower a halo on summer nights.· It was a lovely example of a wine to sip on a hot summer night on the deck or by the pool. ► school· And then he was leaving for the Devon summer school.· Families travel to Los Angeles for intensive summer school sessions.· Red velvet curtains closed out the Devon night, and the bar was awash with the drunken summer school intelligentsia.· The change will add an estimated 33,000 new students to the summer school rosters, which last year reached about 200,000.· We then went to a summer school in general relativity at Cornell University in upstate New York.· Harvard summer school would have been a tantalizing experience for her.· Anyone can participate in summer schools, as no auditions are required, only completion of an application form.· He co-directed, then directed, the Library Association's summer schools at Aberystwyth from 1917 until 1929. ► season· In post-war years there was only a nine-minute service of Marton cars during the summer season, until it closed in 1961.· Best claims to be willing to take groups out all year round, although the summer season is obviously more popular.· The new collective bargaining agreement called for 10 weeks of subscription programs plus a four-week summer season.· Lounge Bar, Cafe - Concerts and discos held regularly throughout the summer season.· Open all the year, except Christmas and New Year's Day, with a tea-room available in the peak summer season.· Unlike the trams, they are only seen during the summer season.· Opera buffs will enjoy the summer season at Glyndebourne, 3 miles away. ► term· The summer term options include Cricket, Athletic and minor field games.· During the summer term the man had consumed about twenty pints of Young's Special a week.· The students attend the school for four sessions at the beginning of the summer term, to carry out their assignment.· However, schools plan their staffing levels at least three months earlier and the timetable is usually worked on throughout the summer term.· The project consists of several months' fieldwork carried out during the summer term and long vacation of the Junior Honours year.· Yet his closest school-friend, that previous summer term, he found to be an agnostic.· This delay was partly due to the teachers' industrial action in the summer term of 1984. ► vacation· In 1961 he spent the summer vacation touring with blues singer Sam Cooks.· Airports had already been packed due to the summer vacation rush.· Study for the dissertation for postgraduate degrees is normally undertaken during the summer vacation.· The planning department officials assigned to work on the project gave up their summer vacations to bring it in on time.· In the summer vacation there is a two-week camp.· The postcards were usually of places we had visited as a family on those grueling summer vacations long ago.· In recent months a good deal of concern has been expressed about students no longer having access to benefits over the summer vacation.· With school being such a lifeline for my beleaguered psyche, the long summer vacation presented a uniquely gloomy and purgatorial prospect. VERB► spend· Although a few birds usually spend the summer in Shetland they have not so far been proved to breed here.· He spent a couple of summers working for Congress.· In 1961 he spent the summer vacation touring with blues singer Sam Cooks.· He spent the next two summers playing Double-A at Reading, slowly progressing.· So guess where one of my weeks will be spent this summer?· Young Oliver Rowntree, nursing his outrage, spent the summer brooding about what he could do to retaliate.· Others have spent long summer holidays there.· Since 1995, he spent summers in Glasston. PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► all day/year/summer etc long Word family
WORD FAMILYnounsummermidsummeradjectivesummeryverbsummer 1the time of the year when the sun is hottest and the days are longest, between spring and autumn → summery: the long hot summer of 1976 The children play on the beach during the summer.in (the) summer Miriam likes to relax in her garden in summer.this/next/last summer We’re going to Italy next summer. a hot summer’s day a sunny summer afternoon a three-week summer vacationearly/late summer The tourist season lasts through late summer. Parts of Spain are extremely hot in high summer (=the hottest part of summer).220/50 etc summers literary 20, 50 etc years of age: a child of 11 summers → Indian summerGRAMMAR: Patterns with summerin summer/in the summer• You use in summer or in the summer when saying that something happens at that time: · In summer we get six weeks’ vacation.· He worked as a lifeguard in the summer.last summer/this summer etcDon’t use in with these words:• You say last summer: · We went to Italy last summer. ✗Don’t say: We went to Italy in last summer.• You say this summer: · Do you plan to travel this summer? ✗Don’t say: Do you plan to travel in this summer?• You say next summer: · We will graduate next summer. ✗Don’t say: We will graduate in next summer.• You say that summer: · That summer she met Jeff. ✗Don’t say: In that summer she met Jeff.COLLOCATIONSadjectiveshot· It had been a long hot summer.dry/wet· We’ve had a very dry summer.high summer (=the middle of summer)· In high summer, food was plentiful.early/late summer· In the late summer of 1931, Joe returned to Oxford.last/next summer· He visited Brittany last summer.summer + NOUNa summer holiday British English, a summer vacation American English· Where are you going for your summer holiday?a summer’s day/evening (also a summer day/evening)· It was a beautiful summer’s day.the summer months· The garden is open daily in the summer months.the summer season· The resort was crammed with holidaymakers for the whole of the summer season.the summer heat· Crowds of shoppers are sweltering in the summer heat.the summer sun· They lay on the beach, soaking up the summer sun.phrasesin/at the height of summer (=in the middle of summer)· Even in the height of summer, it’s cool in here.summer1 nounsummer2 verb summersummer2 verb [intransitive] Verb TableVERB TABLE summer
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► a summer breeze Phrases· He felt the soft summer breeze against his skin. ► winter/summer clothes· The shops are already full of winter clothes. ► winter/summer clothing► a weekend/summer cottage (=that the owners go to at weekends or in the summer)· They live in London but they also have a weekend cottage by the sea. ► a summer dress· a cool blue summer dress ► early spring/summer etc· These plants produce flowers from early spring to late summer. ► a spring/summer etc evening· On a summer evening, the streets are full of people. ► a spring/summer/autumn/winter flower· The mountainsides were blanketed with spring flowers. ► the summer heat· He went indoors to escape the summer heat. ► a summer holiday· They were going to a house on the coast for their summer holidays. ► the summer/autumn/winter/spring months· It’s very cold here during the winter months. ► a summer/winter etc morning· They set off on a beautiful spring morning. ► the summer/winter sky· Her eyes were as blue as the summer sky. ► the summer/winter solstice (=the longest or shortest day of the year) ► a winter/summer storm· People fear there may be more flooding when the winter storms hit. ► the spring/summer/autumn/winter sunshine· She was sitting in the garden, enjoying the spring sunshine. ► the spring/summer/autumn term· Mrs Collins will be leaving us at the end of the summer term. ► a summer vacation· What did you do on your summer vacation? ► winter/summer etc wardrobe (=the clothes you have for a particular time of year) PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► all day/year/summer etc long Word family
WORD FAMILYnounsummermidsummeradjectivesummeryverbsummer to spend the summer in a particular place → winter |
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