单词 | calculation |
释义 | calculationcal‧cu‧la‧tion /ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃən/ ●●○ noun Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatora calculation► calculation Collocations · This type of calculation would take several hours without a computer.· According to our calculations, 2000 jobs will be lost.do/make a calculation · Mickey sat at the kitchen table doing calculations on a scratch pad.· Once all the necessary calculations have been made the experiment can proceed. ► sum especially British a simple calculation, especially one done by children as an exercise in school: · It'll be quicker if I use a calculator for these sums.· We had to do some really hard sums today. ► estimate what you think the number, price, or value of something probably is, after calculating it quickly: · I'm allowing $300, but that's only an estimate.estimate of: · Officials said Huntcor's estimate of building costs was about $3 million more than expected.rough estimate (=not exact but good enough to be useful): · This proposal represents a rough estimate of the cost of materials and labor.conservative estimate (=an estimate that is probably too low, so you can be sure that the true amount will not be less than this): · The paintings have been valued at $3.5 million, which is probably a conservative estimate. ► estimated: an estimated number/cost/value etc a number, cost etc that is not exact but has been roughly calculated: · The tunnel is being constructed at an estimated cost of £15 million.· An estimated 1 million Irish people died from starvation and disease during the Famine. WORD SETS► Numbersadd, verbaddition, nounArabic numeral, nounarithmetic progression, nounbi-, prefixbillion, numbercalculate, verbcalculation, nouncardinal, nouncardinal number, nouncoefficient, nouncommon denominator, nounconstant, nouncube, verbcube root, nounD, noundecimal, noundecimal, adjectivedecimal point, noundemi-, prefixdenominator, noundigit, noundivide, verbdividend, noundivisible, adjectivedivision, noundivisor, noundouble-digit, adjectivedouble figures, nouneight, numbereighteen, numbereighth, adjectiveeighty, numbereleven, numberequal, adjectiveequal, verbequals sign, nouneven, adjectiveexponent, nounfactor, nounfactor, verbfactorial, nounfifteen, numberfifth, nounfifty, numberfig., figure, nounfive, numberforty, numberfour, numberfourteen, numberfourth, nounfraction, noungeometric progression, noungross, nounHCF, hundred, numberimproper fraction, nounindivisible, adjectiveinfinity, nouninteger, nounL, nounlogarithm, nounlowest common denominator, nounM, nounmedian, nounmedian, adjectivemillion, numbermultiple, nounmultiplication, nounmultiplication sign, nounmultiplication table, noun-nd, suffixnegative, adjectivenine, numbernineteen, numberninety, numberninth, adjectiveNo., nos., nothing, pronounnought, numbernumber, nounnumeral, nounnumerator, nounnumerical, adjectiveO, nounoblique, nounone, numberordinal number, nounpi, nounplot, verbplus, prepositionpoint, nounpositive, adjectiveprime number, nounproduct, nounproper fraction, nounproportion, nounquadr-, prefixquadrillion, numberquadruple, adjectivequotient, noun-rd, suffixroman numeral, nounroot, nounround, adjectivescore, numbersecond, numberserial number, nounset, nounsingle figures, nounsix, numbersixteen, numbersixty, numbersquare, nounsquare, verbsquared, adjectivesquare root, noun-st, suffixsubtract, verbsum, nountake, verbten, numbertenth, adjectivetertiary, adjectivetetra-, prefixthirteen, numberthirty, numberthousand, numberthree, numberthree-quarter, adjectivethreescore, numbertreble, determinertri-, prefixtrillion, numbertwelve, numbertwenty, numbertwice, adverbunit, nounV, nounvulgar fraction, nounwhole number, nounX, nounzero, number COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYverbs► do/make a calculation Word family· The children should be able to do that calculation in their heads. ► perform a calculation formal (=do one)· Computers can perform calculations very quickly. adjectives► a simple calculation· A simple calculation will show that these figures are incorrect. ► a rough calculation (=not very detailed or exact)· I made a few rough calculations of how much it would cost. ► a quick/rapid calculation· He did a rapid calculation. ► a detailed calculation· Your report must be supported by detailed calculations. ► complex calculations· Computers can be used to handle complex calculations. ► mathematical calculations· pages of mathematical calculations ► somebody's calculations are right/correct/accurate· Fortunately his calculations were accurate. ► somebody's calculations are wrong/inaccurate· Some of our calculations were wrong. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► do a calculation/sum (=use numbers to find out a figure, price etc)· I did a quick calculation on a piece of paper. ► mathematical equation/calculation/formula etcCOLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► careful· All of these are complicated factors and the general effect on an orbit requires careful calculation.· Behind all foreign policy there lurks, or ought to lurk, careful political calculation.· Some unexpected expense always seems to crop up when you least want it to and throws your careful calculations out of the window.· All Major's appointments display careful calculation. ► complex· And the more complex the route, the more complex the calculation.· All the complex calculations are built into the software; all you do is enter the numbers in the right boxes.· It can frequently be the one with the best abilities to make complex calculations about what the others are up to.· Computers are widely used because cost estimating may involve complex mathematical calculations and require advanced mathematical techniques. ► detailed· Maths is a mix of abstruse theory and detailed calculations.· For some pupils it will not be appropriate to attempt detailed calculation. ► economic· Politicians often claim that human life is beyond economic calculation and must be given absolute priority whatever the cost.· The importance of production is central to his scheme of economic calculation.· However, the abolition of unfree labour can not be analysed simply in terms of economic calculation. ► mathematical· However, it may give rise to the necessity for a fairly sophisticated mathematical calculation if a conversion table is not published.· The mathematical calculations are not easy, but the concepts are relatively familiar.· By means of tapping his foot the horse could perform mathematical calculations, and solve problems of musical harmony.· Computers are widely used because cost estimating may involve complex mathematical calculations and require advanced mathematical techniques.· Needing to do something, anything, he rapidly tapped the spoon against the saucer as though preoccupied with a mathematical calculation. ► political· How the return of a Labour government would affect the political calculations in Northern Ireland is difficult to foresee.· Behind all foreign policy there lurks, or ought to lurk, careful political calculation.· But the larger picture is systematically distorted by the military and political calculations concerning the strategic uses of information and disinformation.· As always, political calculation based on self-interest.· By any rational political calculation, the timing of this move could not have been worse.· First, the explanation for Labour's return to type-beginning with hard political calculation. ► precise· It is very hard to match digital computing, which is designed for precise, accurate calculations, to this domain.· Leibniz plans a system of characters capable of such precise calculation that mental error would be equivalent to an error of computation.· Without any precise calculations let us assume this is £8 a week. ► rational· By any rational political calculation, the timing of this move could not have been worse. ► rough· A rough calculation can, however, be made based on the rate of fluid absorption observed in the control rats.· Dyson did some rough calculations to estimate whether life and intelligence could survive until the ultimate end of the universe.· These details and a few rough calculations raise an interesting possibility.· Male passengers seemed to outnumber women about three to one, by my rough calculation.· For my rough calculation this comes to about one in 250 trillion. ► simple· The simple calculation of cold bridging based on the fractional area of the cold bridge is likely to underestimate its effect.· A simple calculation will clarify the point.· Exploring Hidden Processes: what goes on in the heads of pupils doing simple addition calculations?· Robert Eisner, a University of Chicago economist, uses a simple calculation.· Many only record data and perform simple calculations such as adding up columns or working out averages.· It seemed necessary to be able to do simple calculations.· The sceptical economist peter Bauer did a simple calculation, reversing the World Bank's growth-rate.· Such simple calculations are essential in using aminoglycosides safely and effectively. ► statistical· However, problems can and do arise even with statistical calculations, one of the commonest being the build-up of rounding errors.· At our present state of knowledge, statistical calculations of what could happen are justified and achievable.· But this is precisely the type of assumption statistical calculations of age-related dependency ask us to make.· All statistical calculations were two tailed.· The variables with a skewed distribution were therefore log transformed for statistical calculation. VERB► accord· Of these, according to orbital evolution calculations, about a third are lost through collision with Earth.· However, according to my calculations, only 437 houses actually paid for it. ► allow· Where lead times are certain, they can be allowed for in stock calculations. ► based· Such estimates may be based on calculations which use the determining variables.· Current contracts are based on these calculations.· According to Skogström, the charging structure is still based on calculations for commercial vessels.· Over and above these industry-based calculations hangs the larger strategic concept for the advantage to the nation as a whole.· This is based on calculations performed by chemical engineers and also on experimental trials carried out in a laboratory or pilot plant. ► carry· The great speed with which the computer carries out calculations means that experiments can be carried out quickly and cheaply.· Manufacturers usually provide relative record addressing which carries out these calculations for the user.· Theorists carried out the calculations for the routes which involve emitting one or two gluons in the early 1980s. ► complicate· All she would need to do would be to ask the subject to perform some very complicated arithmetical calculation.· Airplanes and aerial bombs required more complicated calculations. ► enter· Personal position would not have entered into his calculations.· Naturally nothing so ambitious as the conquest of Hawaii had even entered our calculations.· Seriously, the time it takes must enter into your calculations as to cost.· Other considerations, however, enter into the calculation.· When you've entered all your calculations, add them up and put the total in the space provided.· The exploitation of informal carers especially women - does not appear to enter into the calculations. ► include· These include benefit and tax calculations and personal problems.· Having decided upon the items to be included in the calculation, the next step is to obtain the monthly price quotations.· Numeric values may include calculation so long as there are no keywords. ► involve· That is, a question involving calculation was deemed to be practical only if it involved a real-life situation.· Computers are widely used because cost estimating may involve complex mathematical calculations and require advanced mathematical techniques.· Project appraisal involves many calculations which must be carried out a number of times to produce a proper sensitivity analysis.· Suggest a set of sequences of assignment statements, which you would expect to be typical of programs involving arithmetic calculation.· Processing involves floating point calculations, and speed of processing is heavily dependent on hardware. ► make· An alternative to making yield calculations based on average life is to make them based on equivalent life.· Microprocessors are used to program the instruments and make all necessary calculations. 9.· An on-screen calculator helps claimants to make interest calculations.· Mathematicians scribble equations on blackboards and program supercomputers to make the billions of calculations needed to break a tough code.· Before any payment is made calculations should be double checked.· You can make all the calculations, do all your considering.· The computer allows us to make almost unlimited calculations, and indeed the larger the sample the better for statistical applications.· Pennsylvania had already taken the plunge into youth apprenticeships before Butler began making his calculations. ► perform· Self-organizing maps are more effective than many algorithms for performing calculations such as those for aerodynamic flow.· You can even perform some spreadsheet-like calculations on the figures using formulae.· The software allows you to define the network structure and performs the calculations and updates.· How could the brain perform such a calculation?· The tape will keep running back and forth through the device so long as further calculations need to be performed.· Many only record data and perform simple calculations such as adding up columns or working out averages.· What they couldn't do was perform meaningless calculations and relate them to situations which were equally meaningless to them. ► require· All of these are complicated factors and the general effect on an orbit requires careful calculation.· But downtown is unique and requires different calculations.· Nearly all the items answered correctly by 40 percent or more of the bottom third pupils require straight forward counting or calculation.· It requires calculation of the number of years required to pay back the original investment.· Under the Forbes plan, filing a tax return might require only two calculations.· Airplanes and aerial bombs required more complicated calculations.· Exhibit 13. 4 illustrates the required calculations. ► use· In practice a somewhat smaller interval can be used to speed up calculations.· The body surface area will not be used in the calculation since the clearance is being done on an average size adult.· None the less, simple systems are widely used to do abinitio calculations accurate enough to answer important questions for reasonably complex molecules.· Robert Eisner, a University of Chicago economist, uses a simple calculation.· It should always be used for calculations involving temperature.· Only marks gained on the Course are used in the calculation of honours. WORD FAMILYadjectivecalculable ≠ incalculablecalculatedcalculatingnouncalculationcalculatorverbcalculateadverbcalculatedly 1[countable usually plural, uncountable] when you use numbers in order to find out an amount, price, or value: Dee looked at the bill and made some rapid calculations.by somebody’s/some/many calculations By some calculations, the population will reach eight million soon.2[countable, uncountable] careful planning in order to get what you want, especially without caring about the effects on other people → miscalculation: political calculation3[uncountable] when you think carefully about what the probable results will be if you do something → miscalculationCOLLOCATIONSverbsdo/make a calculation· The children should be able to do that calculation in their heads.perform a calculation formal (=do one)· Computers can perform calculations very quickly.adjectivesa simple calculation· A simple calculation will show that these figures are incorrect.a rough calculation (=not very detailed or exact)· I made a few rough calculations of how much it would cost.a quick/rapid calculation· He did a rapid calculation.a detailed calculation· Your report must be supported by detailed calculations.complex calculations· Computers can be used to handle complex calculations.mathematical calculations· pages of mathematical calculationssomebody's calculations are right/correct/accurate· Fortunately his calculations were accurate.somebody's calculations are wrong/inaccurate· Some of our calculations were wrong. |
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