英语词汇“penal”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

WORD ORIGINpenal

Origin:

1400-1500 French pénal, from Latin poenalis, from poena ‘punishment’

EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES

a penal colony

EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS

Children who never became penal inmates surely deserve equal consideration.
Historical materialism can also be used to explain the history of penal thought sketched in the previous chapter.
If the primary object of penal reformers is not to abolish prisons it is certainly to secure reductions in prison population.
It has been very difficult too for women to reach the higher levels of penal policy-making and administration.
The possibility of penal cancellation charges in the public domain is a rumour.
These mainly constructive changes in penal policy were not matched by changes within the prison system.
This is not to say that economic imperatives play no part in penal developments.
Where deviance has a categorical, unproblematic quality, a penal response is triggered.

WORD SETS► Jail & punishment

borstal, nouncell, nounchain, nounchain gang, nounconcentration camp, nounconcurrent, adjectiveconfinement, nounconvict, nouncorrectional, adjectivecustodial sentence, nouncustody, noundeath row, noundetainee, noundetention, noundetention centre, noundrunk tank, noundungeon, nounfetter, verbfetters, noungaol, gaoler, noungovernor, nounguard, verbgulag, nounhandcuff, verbhandcuffs, nounincarcerate, verbinmate, nouninside, adverbintern, verbinternee, nouninternment, nounjailbreak, nounlabour camp, nounlifer, nounmanacle, nounold lag, nounopen prison, nounoubliette, nounparole, nounparole, verbpen, nounpenal, adjectivepenitentiary, nounpillory, nounpokey, nounpolitical prisoner, nounporridge, nounpreventive detention, nounprison, nounprison camp, nounprisoner, nounprisoner of conscience, nounprisoner of war, nounprison visitor, nounreformatory, nounremand home, nounremission, nounserve, verbshackle, nounshackle, verbsolitary, nounsolitary confinement, nounstretch, nounthumbscrew, nounwarden, nounwarder, nounyardbird, noun

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► penal colony/settlement

(=a special area of land where prisoners are kept)

COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► a penal/criminal code

(=relating to the punishment of criminals)· At that time the penal code allowed the death penalty.

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► code

· Both Nash reversion and Abreu's simple penal codes are subgame perfect equilibrium strategies and so satisfy this criterion of credibility.· At the start, parliamentarians were given different versions of the penal code to discuss.· Self-defacement, inciting anti-Soviet attitudes, it's all in the penal code.· But lawyers, investigators and police have only contempt for the penal code, in force since Jan. 1.· But what needs to be changed is the spirit of the penal code.· You should note that the penal codes of some nations impose time limits for the reporting of crime.· This law includes amendments to the penal code and the conditional release of approximately 38,000 prisoners.· Euthanasia technically remained a criminal offence subject to a minimum prison sentence of 12 years under Article 293 of the penal code.

► colony

· You play Ripley, who has to despatch hordes of alien-infested humans from an underground penal colony.· Leper colonies are only one entry in this classification of special communities; certain penal colonies would be another.· He was appointed superintendent of the penal colony on Norfolk Island in 1840.

► crisis

· Woolf correctly identifies some of the components of an adequate theory of the penal crisis.· Riots and Disorder To the general public, the most noticeable symptom of the penal crisis is of course the prison riot.· We shall be suggesting later that this insight is of crucial importance in understanding the penal crisis.· These findings are significant in relation to the wider penal crisis in at least two respects.

► institution

· Convicted criminals in penal institutions are disqualified as are persons convicted of certain corrupt or illegal practices at elections.· Lacking white skills, disproportionately large numbers are incarcerated in penal institutions, alcohol rehabilitation centres and psychiatric hospitals.

► law

· The signing of a penal law co-operation treaty was reported to be imminent.· To complicate matters further, substantial changes in criminal and penal law were made by the Criminal Justice Act, 1967.· He opposed the abolition of the penal laws, and accepted the Revolution of 1688.· Criminal law on the other hand deals with matters involving the state and the enforcement of penal laws.· The penal laws in force at the time, however, made mixed marriages difficult, if not impossible.

► policy

· These mainly constructive changes in penal policy were not matched by changes within the prison system.· The abolitionist stand does provide a warning beacon against which penal policies, such as prison building programmes, might be assessed.· I hope one of the outcomes of the debate will be to move the focus of penal policy away from custody.· Since their election victory in 1979 the Tories have followed a two-pronged penal policy.· The period saw few radical departures in penal policy.· That would leave the Home Office with policing, penal policy and the criminal law.· The Home Office would retain powers over policing, penal policy, and the criminal law.· Constructive ideals of training and rehabilitation were translated into penal policies that appeared to be meeting their objectives.

► practice

· The overall picture of sentencing and penal practice presents a rather more complicated situation.· The history of penal practice is replete with particular sanctions falling into disuse.· The whole endeavour was set in an international context, the Commission being charged with acquainting itself with modern penal practice abroad.· Firstly, it fails to explain the mechanisms linking an economic imperative with a penal practice.

► reform

· To pick up on an earlier theme, there are two main traditions in penal reform.

► reformer

· If the primary object of penal reformers is not to abolish prisons it is certainly to secure reductions in prison population.· Maconochie was a pioneer in unrelated disciplines but it was as a penal reformer that he was most influential.

► servitude

· He was on the Sûreté list and was arrested in November 1930 and sentenced to 12 years penal servitude in September 1931.· Justice Day sentenced them both to 20 years' penal servitude.

► system

· Any penal system can be vilely abused.· Paragraph 3 of Article 10 states that the essential aim of the penal system is reformation and social rehabilitation.· The purpose of penal systems was clearly to deal with male delinquency and crime.· The Administration proposed an understanding clarifying the relationship between these goals and other traditional goals of the penal system such as punishment.· The penal system is in a state of crisis.· More young black men are now in the penal system than in higher education.· Of course, there is still a considerable task ahead for Government in improving the penal system.· Some researchers believe Wallenberg died in the Gulag penal system as late as the 1980s.

► treatment

· The biological positivists did not, however, involve themselves in the detailed specification of penal treatments.· But this lofty and detached comment misses the central issues of comparison and equality in penal treatment.

PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► penal servitude

He was on the Sûreté list and was arrested in November 1930 and sentenced to 12 years penal servitude in September 1931.
Justice Day sentenced them both to 20 years' penal servitude.

单词	penal
释义	penalpe‧nal /ˈpiːnl/ adjective Word Origin WORD ORIGINpenal Origin: 1400-1500 French pénal, from Latin poenalis, from poena ‘punishment’ Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES a penal colony EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Children who never became penal inmates surely deserve equal consideration. Historical materialism can also be used to explain the history of penal thought sketched in the previous chapter. If the primary object of penal reformers is not to abolish prisons it is certainly to secure reductions in prison population. It has been very difficult too for women to reach the higher levels of penal policy-making and administration. The possibility of penal cancellation charges in the public domain is a rumour. These mainly constructive changes in penal policy were not matched by changes within the prison system. This is not to say that economic imperatives play no part in penal developments. Where deviance has a categorical, unproblematic quality, a penal response is triggered. word sets WORD SETS► Jail & punishment borstal, nouncell, nounchain, nounchain gang, nounconcentration camp, nounconcurrent, adjectiveconfinement, nounconvict, nouncorrectional, adjectivecustodial sentence, nouncustody, noundeath row, noundetainee, noundetention, noundetention centre, noundrunk tank, noundungeon, nounfetter, verbfetters, noungaol, gaoler, noungovernor, nounguard, verbgulag, nounhandcuff, verbhandcuffs, nounincarcerate, verbinmate, nouninside, adverbintern, verbinternee, nouninternment, nounjailbreak, nounlabour camp, nounlifer, nounmanacle, nounold lag, nounopen prison, nounoubliette, nounparole, nounparole, verbpen, nounpenal, adjectivepenitentiary, nounpillory, nounpokey, nounpolitical prisoner, nounporridge, nounpreventive detention, nounprison, nounprison camp, nounprisoner, nounprisoner of conscience, nounprisoner of war, nounprison visitor, nounreformatory, nounremand home, nounremission, nounserve, verbshackle, nounshackle, verbsolitary, nounsolitary confinement, nounstretch, nounthumbscrew, nounwarden, nounwarder, nounyardbird, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► penal colony/settlement (=a special area of land where prisoners are kept) COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► a penal/criminal code (=relating to the punishment of criminals)· At that time the penal code allowed the death penalty. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► code · Both Nash reversion and Abreu's simple penal codes are subgame perfect equilibrium strategies and so satisfy this criterion of credibility.· At the start, parliamentarians were given different versions of the penal code to discuss.· Self-defacement, inciting anti-Soviet attitudes, it's all in the penal code.· But lawyers, investigators and police have only contempt for the penal code, in force since Jan. 1.· But what needs to be changed is the spirit of the penal code.· You should note that the penal codes of some nations impose time limits for the reporting of crime.· This law includes amendments to the penal code and the conditional release of approximately 38,000 prisoners.· Euthanasia technically remained a criminal offence subject to a minimum prison sentence of 12 years under Article 293 of the penal code. ► colony · You play Ripley, who has to despatch hordes of alien-infested humans from an underground penal colony.· Leper colonies are only one entry in this classification of special communities; certain penal colonies would be another.· He was appointed superintendent of the penal colony on Norfolk Island in 1840. ► crisis · Woolf correctly identifies some of the components of an adequate theory of the penal crisis.· Riots and Disorder To the general public, the most noticeable symptom of the penal crisis is of course the prison riot.· We shall be suggesting later that this insight is of crucial importance in understanding the penal crisis.· These findings are significant in relation to the wider penal crisis in at least two respects. ► institution · Convicted criminals in penal institutions are disqualified as are persons convicted of certain corrupt or illegal practices at elections.· Lacking white skills, disproportionately large numbers are incarcerated in penal institutions, alcohol rehabilitation centres and psychiatric hospitals. ► law · The signing of a penal law co-operation treaty was reported to be imminent.· To complicate matters further, substantial changes in criminal and penal law were made by the Criminal Justice Act, 1967.· He opposed the abolition of the penal laws, and accepted the Revolution of 1688.· Criminal law on the other hand deals with matters involving the state and the enforcement of penal laws.· The penal laws in force at the time, however, made mixed marriages difficult, if not impossible. ► policy · These mainly constructive changes in penal policy were not matched by changes within the prison system.· The abolitionist stand does provide a warning beacon against which penal policies, such as prison building programmes, might be assessed.· I hope one of the outcomes of the debate will be to move the focus of penal policy away from custody.· Since their election victory in 1979 the Tories have followed a two-pronged penal policy.· The period saw few radical departures in penal policy.· That would leave the Home Office with policing, penal policy and the criminal law.· The Home Office would retain powers over policing, penal policy, and the criminal law.· Constructive ideals of training and rehabilitation were translated into penal policies that appeared to be meeting their objectives. ► practice · The overall picture of sentencing and penal practice presents a rather more complicated situation.· The history of penal practice is replete with particular sanctions falling into disuse.· The whole endeavour was set in an international context, the Commission being charged with acquainting itself with modern penal practice abroad.· Firstly, it fails to explain the mechanisms linking an economic imperative with a penal practice. ► reform · To pick up on an earlier theme, there are two main traditions in penal reform. ► reformer · If the primary object of penal reformers is not to abolish prisons it is certainly to secure reductions in prison population.· Maconochie was a pioneer in unrelated disciplines but it was as a penal reformer that he was most influential. ► servitude · He was on the Sûreté list and was arrested in November 1930 and sentenced to 12 years penal servitude in September 1931.· Justice Day sentenced them both to 20 years' penal servitude. ► system · Any penal system can be vilely abused.· Paragraph 3 of Article 10 states that the essential aim of the penal system is reformation and social rehabilitation.· The purpose of penal systems was clearly to deal with male delinquency and crime.· The Administration proposed an understanding clarifying the relationship between these goals and other traditional goals of the penal system such as punishment.· The penal system is in a state of crisis.· More young black men are now in the penal system than in higher education.· Of course, there is still a considerable task ahead for Government in improving the penal system.· Some researchers believe Wallenberg died in the Gulag penal system as late as the 1980s. ► treatment · The biological positivists did not, however, involve themselves in the detailed specification of penal treatments.· But this lofty and detached comment misses the central issues of comparison and equality in penal treatment. Phrases PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► penal servitude He was on the Sûreté list and was arrested in November 1930 and sentenced to 12 years penal servitude in September 1931. Justice Day sentenced them both to 20 years' penal servitude. 1[only before noun] relating to the legal punishment of criminals, especially in prisons: the penal systempenal colony/settlement (=a special area of land where prisoners are kept)2penal servitude law when someone is punished by being kept in prison and made to do hard physical work3British English very severe: penal rates of interest
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