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单词 pollution
释义
pollutionpol‧lu‧tion /pəˈluːʃən/ ●●○ S3 W2 noun [uncountable] Examples
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
  • Pollution and overfishing have reduced the population of coastal fish.
  • Pollution from cars is the main cause of global warming.
  • Pollution levels are often dangerously high in large cities.
  • Pollution levels in the area shot up as soon as the factory started operating.
  • Industrial pollution has killed much of the river's wildlife.
  • She says that transporting goods by rail instead of road would cut air pollution dramatically.
  • The city is looking into ways to reduce air pollution.
  • The convention, signed by the six states bordering the Black Sea, aims to reduce current pollution levels.
  • The use of electric cars could be a key factor in fighting pollution.
  • What pollution controls will the state authorities put in place?
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
  • A federal law spells out the penalties for missing the deadline to cut air pollution.
  • And there too I will cleanse the men from their pollution.
  • But Doran's invention is safe as well as economical and pollution free.
  • Not only do they consume more natural resources, they also produce more pollution.
  • The law speaks of causing or knowingly permitting pollution, and the concept of cause has been strictly construed.
  • The most obvious examples of spillover costs involve environmental pollution.
  • The report recommends a number of steps designed to limit pollution.
  • Thousands of fish died from river pollution.
Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatorsomething that makes things dirty
dust, mud, or anything else that makes things dirty: · Why is there dirt all over the back seat of the car?· She swept the dirt off the back porch.· He took off his glasses, which were covered with dirt.speck of dirt (=small piece of dirt): · The rooms were cleaned until every speck of dirt and grit was gone.
dry powder that forms a layer on furniture, floors, clothes etc, especially when they have not been cleaned or moved for a long time: · Max brushed the dust off his coat.layer of dust: · There was a thick layer of dust on the furniture.
wet earth that sticks to your shoes, clothes, car, tyres etc: · There's mud all over the carpet.· Hayley scraped the dried mud off her boots.· Their expensive riding jackets were covered in mud.
the harmful effects on water, air, or land of chemicals and waste from factories, cars, modern farming methods etc: · Industrial pollution has killed much of the river's wildlife.· Pollution from cars is the main cause of global warming.· The convention, signed by the six states bordering the Black Sea, aims to reduce current pollution levels.
British informal dirt or mud: · I'll just clean the muck off the windscreen and wing mirrors.be covered in muck: · His hands and fingernails were filthy, his face and legs covered in muck.
thick, dark dirt that covers a surface over a period of time and is difficult to remove: · On one wall of the entryway hangs a large oil painting, covered with grime.· His hands were black with grime from working on the car.
damage to the environment
harmful chemicals, gases, or waste materials from factories, houses etc that enter the air, water, or land and kill or damage the things that live or grow there: · Pollution levels in the area shot up as soon as the factory started operating.· What pollution controls will the state authorities put in place?air/marine/land etc pollution: · She says that transporting goods by rail instead of road would cut air pollution dramatically.
a general increase in the temperature of the world caused by harmful chemicals and gases from cars, factories etc entering the air: · Scientists estimate that global warming could cause a six degree rise in temperatures by 2100.· One of the most devastating consequences of global warming could be the melting of the polar ice caps.
gases from cars, factories, machines etc that form a layer around the earth and keep the heat in. These are a cause of global warming: · International controls are needed to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.· Western countries are overwhelmingly responsible for current levels of greenhouse gases.
rain that is harmful to trees and buildings because it contains pollution from factories, power stations etc: · Typical symptoms of acid rain include deformed and dying trees, and trees with vastly reduced numbers of leaves.
changes in the weather across large areas of the world caused by damage to the natural environment, for example increases in temperature, more storms, or more or less rain: · People will have to get used to more flooding and droughts as climate change becomes a reality.· an international conference on Climate Change
a hole in the layer of natural gases around the earth that protects people, animals etc from damage from the sun. This is thought to be caused by harmful gases from cars, household products, factories etc entering the earth's atmosphere: · The increase in the incidence of skin cancer is directly due to the hole in the ozone layer.
when too many trees are cut down in an area, so that the environment is badly damaged: · Some parts of tropical America have seen over 70% deforestation.· The land is severely eroded as a result of widespread deforestation and intensive farming.
a type of animal, plant etc that might soon stop existing because of damage to the environment it lives in or because too many of them have been killed by humans: · Environmentalists say that the area includes the habitats of at least 20 endangered species.· Although the tiger is an endangered species, it is still hunted in some areas.
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY Meanings 1 & 2ADJECTIVES/NOUN + pollution
· The mines have caused serious pollution of the river system.· The pollution was so bad that most of the fish died.
· Air pollution can cause breathing problems for some people.
formal (=air pollution)· The oil wells continued to burn, causing atmospheric pollution on a massive scale.
· The National Rivers Authority tests levels of water pollution.
formal (=pollution of the sea)· Oil spills are a major cause of marine pollution.
· Most environmental pollution originates in the developed countries.
(=from factories)· A study has linked ill health in the area with industrial pollution.
· Chemical pollution threatens the survival of these animals.
verbs
· New measures are needed to reduce pollution from cars.
· The water company is failing to control pollution.
(=try to deal with it)· Governments must tackle pollution now.
· Efforts are being made to prevent further pollution.
(=measure it)· It is possible to monitor pollution from incinerator chimneys.
pollution + NOUN
· The aim is to reduce pollution levels to those of the 1930s.
· Environmentalists fear that the new factories will lead to severe pollution problems.
· Effective pollution control was not being undertaken.
phrases
· The factory was a clear source of pollution.· Fumes from cars are a major cause of air pollution.
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
· Most air pollution is caused by cars.
· The waste material must be stored safely to avoid pollution of the environment.
· Power stations cause a lot of environmental pollution.
· Noise levels are unacceptably high.
(=noise from cars, planes etc which has a bad effect on people’s lives)· The new airport will increase noise pollution in the surrounding area.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE
· Heavy industry was developed along the north coast, without any consideration of chemical, atmospheric and environmental pollution.· Other wells continued to burn, causing atmospheric pollution on an epic scale.· Cities which were once beautiful have been rendered ugly. Atmospheric pollution continues to rise.· Nylon was chosen for its strength and its resistance to extremes of temperature and atmospheric pollution.· The polytechnic has employed research student Jo Denn to see whether a link can be established between childhood asthma and atmospheric pollution.· Taken together, they represent the most forceful link yet made by respected institutions between man-made atmospheric pollution and global warming.· It is part of a research programme aimed at understanding the basic processes causing damage to trees and crops due to atmospheric pollution.
· However, there is abundant anecdotal evidence of the effects of chemical pollution on the populations of small cetaceans inhabiting industrialised areas.· For humans, the chemical pollution threatens our fertility, intelligence and our very survival as a species, the environmentalists say.· At small levels of chemical output, pollution is negligible.· Because of chemical pollution of rivers, the cost of producing safe, palatable drinking water has risen dramatically.
· The most important areas were agriculture, energy, environmental pollution, competition regulations, and foreign trade.· The most obvious examples of spillover costs involve environmental pollution.· Low level environmental pollution was detected - ie sulphates and nitrates.· The project has enabled farmers to reduce environmental pollution whilst raising crop yields.· Heavy industry was developed along the north coast, without any consideration of chemical, atmospheric and environmental pollution.· Nor do they contribute to environmental pollution by burning fossil fuels.· They also include the control of environmental pollution, and we could benefit greatly through co-operating further on defence and foreign policy.· Yet as with many agreements on environmental pollution, voluntary abstention is unsuccessful.
· The remainder were largely due to sewage, industrial pollution or oil spillages.· In Tokyo and other industrial centers pollution levels are dangerously high.· A spokesman for Greenpeace said that industrial pollution appeared to be the most likely cause.· In 100 large industrial cities, pollution levels averaged over 10 times the acceptable limit.· The town where this happened, Minamata, became the name of a disease and a worldwide symbol of industrial pollution.· The general public are also in danger from industrial pollution.· It's not just industrial pollution and radiation from Chernobyl, 50 miles upstream.
· The central part of the bill is the creation of integrated pollution control.· Central to the green bill is the introduction of integrated pollution control.· The act also introduces the idea of integrated pollution control.
· In a report on marine pollution, the organization states that 12,000 pipes have been licensed to discharge industrial effluent.· We are all familiar with news items concerning marine pollution due to oil spills.· It produced a 13-point action plan to reduce the risk of marine pollution.· The main topics were environmental management and marine pollution.· Researchers who want to register innovations in fighting marine pollution are directed by the environment ministry to Cedre.· Acid rain and marine pollution hurt neighbouring countries; ozone depletion and global warming threaten the entire planet.
NOUN
· Traffic fumes are the biggest cause of air pollution in nearly half the cities.· Consider one example from the annals of air pollution: the effort to reduce the effects of car exhaust on the atmosphere.· It was the start of Britain's acid rain debate and the birth of its' modern air pollution policy.· Copies were distributed far beyond West Virginia to scientists and officials concerned with the effect of air pollution on Eastern forests.· But, within 15 years, air pollution was as bad as ever.· Of all the problems, air pollution received the most attention.· There are nineteen more employed on running campaigns ranging from tropical rainforests to air pollution and London's roads.· Cars and industry in El Paso contribute to the air pollution, of course.
· In the northern agency, about half a dozen districts comprise a pollution control area.· Yet diesel gets off easily when it comes to pollution controls.· For them pollution control work is a scientific endeavour.· The lack of money spent on pollution control.· Examples include street lighting and pollution control.· He will also regularly look over pollution control installations in his district to ensure their satisfactory operation and maintenance.· Taxes can be imposed either to raise funds for pollution control or to discourage over-use of nitrates, or both.
· Between 1979 and 1990, the number of reported pollution incidents from farm waste more than doubled.· This accounts for 90 percent of reported pollution incidents.· The figures show that the number of pollution incidents rose for the fifth successive year and have doubled since 1985.· Although major disasters such as large oil pollution incidents and deaths from pesticides are few, both cause continuing problems.· Of the 2802 pollution incidents from the industrial sources only four percent were classified as major.· The first two chapters discuss a number of pollution incidents and the biological cycles of carbon nitrogen and sulphur.· There are battles being fought all over Ireland about pollution incidents and industrial hazards.
· Given that pollution levels relate to fuel consumption, private cars and taxis are also the greatest polluters.· One study conducted in 1980 examined seven economic-demographic models constructed to project the future of food and resource supplies and pollution levels.· Eliminating the occurrence of first-stage smog alerts requires long-term reductions in the baseline pollution levels.· In Tokyo and other industrial centers pollution levels are dangerously high.· Water pollution levels are also alarmingly high.· When pollution levels rise beyond the 250 mark, the ban is extended for two days.· Worries about pollution levels from intensive indoor units and growing concern about animal welfare are also motivating factors.· Teachers can now base assessed investigations on data collected by real scientists, such as pollution levels, available on the internet.
· The Ecological Impact of Nitrates Two rivers illustrate the impact of nitrate pollution.
· Our survey revealed a noise pollution impact on the community that is not imagined.· Or the ear which shouts, about noise pollution.· All great fun for the flyer but not for those inclined to complain about noise pollution.
· Despite the Gulfs long history of oil pollution, little research has been done on the long-term impact on marine life there.· In addition each aircraft will be capable of carrying an oil pollution detection system.· It found evidence of extensive oil pollution of lakes, rivers and groundwater and of the destruction of virgin swamp and forest.· Although major disasters such as large oil pollution incidents and deaths from pesticides are few, both cause continuing problems.
· In this day and age almost all of the most positive and far-reaching developments in pollution prevention originate in industry.
· Once you have cured the water pollution problem, you will have to take steps to avoid it happening again.· Waste tends to be the pollution problem to which other problems are eventually reduced.· It is not unusual to find that countries adopt the best parts of both strategies in order to tackle air pollution problems.· It was a good example of how employees can contribute to solving pollution problems.· An initial appraisal of pollution problems should point out not only all the work required to prevent a pollution incident.
· Read in studio A new method of catching fish is being used to test for river pollution.· In February 1875 Edward Frankland, an eminent chemist, gave a Discourse on river pollution.· Thousands of fish died from river pollution.
· But most policy takes a different approach, the imposition of pollution standards that regulate the maximum amount of allowed pollution.· Unlike cars, trucks, buses and most other vehicles, locomotives have never before faced pollution standards.· The water authorities thus not only set and enforce pollution standards, they are major polluters themselves.· Crawford is one of the founders of the International Dark-Sky Association, which lobbies governments to adopt pollution standards.
· In water pollution, however, the evidence is mobile and there may be no complainants with a stake in reporting it.· Policies such as effluent charges for sources of air and water pollution are One possibility.· Local residents could band together and pay a local firm to reduce air or water pollution.· Once you have cured the water pollution problem, you will have to take steps to avoid it happening again.· It proposes tough penalties for industries which cause water pollution to help reverse the decline.· Legislation has typically attacked air and water pollution first, and solid waste last.· Sewage was the major cause of water pollution.· Right: Overfeeding quickly leads to water pollution.
VERB
· It claims bikes cause too much pollution and can upset pedestrians.· Attempts to change the land-based activities that cause coastal pollution would have far-reaching economic, political and social consequences.· Other wells continued to burn, causing atmospheric pollution on an epic scale.· He's certain it's caused by sewage pollution.· There have been accidents during transportation, which have caused serious pollution.· Effluent from industrial activities in countries bordering the sea is also causing various pollution hazards.· Some scientists believe that it is caused by water pollution.· They also say heavy vehicles are arriving from 5.30am, causing fumes, pollution and noise.
· Nor do they contribute to environmental pollution by burning fossil fuels.· Cars and industry in El Paso contribute to the air pollution, of course.· It was a good example of how employees can contribute to solving pollution problems.· They also use more fuel, therefore contributing more pollution, and use more of an increasingly scarce resource than diesels.· Consequently, industrial stacks above about 150 metres or even 100 metres may contribute little pollution to smog locally.· The report found that 95 percent of respondents were aware that cars contributed to environmental pollution.· Litter disfigures the countryside and contributes to pollution, but this is just the tip of the environmental iceberg.
· If, however, other countries take similar measures to cut pollution, the situation obviously improves.· A federal law spells out the penalties for missing the deadline to cut air pollution.· Liberal Democrats aim to cut pollution and clean up the local environment.· He said the buses would cut air pollution and reduce sheep deaths from accidents with cars.· This will help to cut pollution and save energy and give a valuable boost to the housing market.· This would not only provide incentives to cut pollution but also act as a channel for transferring resources to developing countries.
· Everybody talking bout de Green revolution Protecting de children an fighting pollution.· The local authority have agreed to implement a series of new measures to fight the pollution.· Researchers who want to register innovations in fighting marine pollution are directed by the environment ministry to Cedre.
· Other concerns include the threat of pollution, noise disturbance, danger from heavy lorries and the loss of environmental amenities.· Those include reducing air pollution by two pounds every time some source adds one pound.· These mechanisms include pollution taxes and tradeable pollution permits.· Examples include street lighting and pollution control.
· This will increase rather than decrease pollution.· The group contends the helicopters will increase noise and pollution, while being a safety risk.· Lakes and reservoirs may have to be shut during the summer as increasing pollution causes toxic algae blooms.· Even official sources now accept that tall stacks tend to increase long-range transport of pollution.· This number is increasing, due to fertiliser pollution. 4.
· First, it would be necessary to monitor the quantity of pollution of each firm in order to assess its tax liability.· Though uniform standards will not be enforced, the agreement calls for joint monitoring of pollution.· At Harwell laboratories, they've been monitoring air pollution and found the levels went up during the recent hot spell.· Equipment to monitor pollution and climate change will be installed in the park.· It's been told to improve the works by the National Rivers Authority which monitors pollution.
· However, conditions may be attached to any site licence which may have the effect of preventing any odour pollution from arising.· This continues, but at least now efforts are also being made to prevent further pollution and even repair some of the damage.· Care will be required to prevent pollution of the burn.· By destroying these wastes Rechem is significantly helping to prevent further pollution of the local and world environment.· An initial appraisal of pollution problems should point out not only all the work required to prevent a pollution incident.
· The remaining gases pass through a catalytic converter to further reduce pollution.· The change reflects the continuing failure by state and local governments to reduce pollution enough to meet federal health standards.· The project has enabled farmers to reduce environmental pollution whilst raising crop yields.· Since 1975, the global conglomerate 3M has saved $ 500 million while reducing pollution 50 percent per unit of production.· Local residents could band together and pay a local firm to reduce air or water pollution.· There also is the obvious environmental benefits to biking, since it reduces air pollution and reduces traffic.· This studied the economics of reducing groundwater pollution in ten catchments overlying chalk, sand or limestone aquifers.· Their innovative system, which reduced pollution output to zero, also paid for itself in two years.
· Experts think a major reason why those with asthma and hay fever are suffering more is car pollution.· Amsterdam has substantial parking problems and suffers chronic congestion and pollution.· The region as a whole suffers from significant air pollution from ageing heavy industrial plants.
· It is not unusual to find that countries adopt the best parts of both strategies in order to tackle air pollution problems.· The notice requires the region to tackle pollution in North Queensferry.· Given the enormous and costly pollution control efforts to tackle ozone pollution to date, these variable ten-year trends are very disappointing.
1the process of making air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use, or the state of being dangerously dirty:  California’s tough anti-pollution lawsair/water/soil pollution air pollution from traffic fumespollution prevention/standards/control The costs of pollution control must be considered.2substances that make air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty:  a plan to reduce pollutionindustrial/chemical etc pollution the effects of industrial pollution on the population The chemicals have been identified as a source of pollution. → noise pollutionGRAMMAR: Countable or uncountable?Pollution is an uncountable noun and is not used in the plural. You say: · The air is full of pollution. ✗Don’t say: The air is full of pollutions.COLLOCATIONS– Meanings 1 & 2ADJECTIVES/NOUN + pollutionbad/serious/severe· The mines have caused serious pollution of the river system.· The pollution was so bad that most of the fish died.air pollution· Air pollution can cause breathing problems for some people.atmospheric pollution formal (=air pollution)· The oil wells continued to burn, causing atmospheric pollution on a massive scale.water/river pollution· The National Rivers Authority tests levels of water pollution.marine pollution formal (=pollution of the sea)· Oil spills are a major cause of marine pollution.environmental pollution· Most environmental pollution originates in the developed countries.industrial pollution (=from factories)· A study has linked ill health in the area with industrial pollution.chemical pollution· Chemical pollution threatens the survival of these animals.verbsreduce/cut pollution· New measures are needed to reduce pollution from cars.control pollution· The water company is failing to control pollution.tackle/combat pollution (=try to deal with it)· Governments must tackle pollution now.prevent pollution· Efforts are being made to prevent further pollution.monitor pollution (=measure it)· It is possible to monitor pollution from incinerator chimneys.pollution + NOUNpollution levels· The aim is to reduce pollution levels to those of the 1930s.a pollution problem· Environmentalists fear that the new factories will lead to severe pollution problems.pollution control· Effective pollution control was not being undertaken.phrasesa source/cause of pollution· The factory was a clear source of pollution.· Fumes from cars are a major cause of air pollution.
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