单词	bear
释义	bear1 verbbear2 noun bearbear1 /beə $ ber/ ●●● S2 W2 verb (past tense bore /bɔː $ bɔːr/, past participle borne /bɔːn $ bɔːrn/) [transitive] Entry menu MENU FOR bearbear1 deal with something2 can’t bear something3 bear (something) in mind4 accept/be responsible for5 support6 sign/mark7 bear a resemblance/relation to somebody/something8 baby9 bear fruit10 able to be examined/compared etc11 something doesn’t bear thinking about12 bear interest13 carry14 bring pressure/influence to bear (on somebody/something)15 bear witness/testimony to something16 have feelings17 bear right/left18 bear yourself19 wind/water20 name/titlePhrasal verbsbear downbear on/upon somethingbear somebody/something outbear upbear with somebody/something Word Origin WORD ORIGINbear1 Origin: Old English beran Verb Table VERB TABLE bear Simple Form Present I, you, we, they bear he, she, it bears Past I, you, he, she, it, we, they bore Present perfect I, you, we, they have borne he, she, it has borne Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had borne Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will bear Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have borne Continuous Form Present I am bearing he, she, it is bearing you, we, they are bearing Past I, he, she, it was bearing you, we, they were bearing Present perfect I, you, we, they have been bearing he, she, it has been bearing Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had been bearing Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will be bearing Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have been bearing Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES A messenger arrived, bearing a letter from the ambassador. An oak table bore several photographs of the family. At the head of the procession a group of dark-suited men bore the coffin into the church. He bore the pain stoically. Her loneliness was hard to bear, after her husband died. I really can't bear him. Jean will never be able to bear children. My leg really hurts -- I'm not sure how much longer I can bear it. Several of the guests arrived bearing gifts. She bears the title of "Executive Director." Talking to a counsellor can help divorcees to bear the pain of separation. The baby's narrow neck looked too fragile to bear the weight of its head. The ice wasn't thick enough to bear his weight. The list bore the names of people still missing after the disaster. The melon rind bore traces of a rare type of the Salmonella bacteria. The police are asking residents to keep an eye out for a person bearing this description. The trial was a great scandal but she bore it all with courage and dignity. The tunnel would have needed to be extremely strong to bear the full weight of the earth above. They arrived in Israel on the same plane that bore Assad's coffin. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS A close scrutiny of films showing lions killing zebras does not bear this out. Dissident radicals of all sorts were assumed to bear loyalty to alien ideologies, and deportation became the fate of many. For Blanche the atmosphere bore no resemblance to the glamorous, fun-filled evening promised in the advertisements. I can not bear it any longer, I am crying now. Never would she let the earth bear fruit until she had seen her daughter. Some products that bear freshness dates are cheeses, breakfast cereals, bakery products, and mayonnaise. There Charles went solo again, unveiling a plaque - which bore both their names - as Diana stood meekly behind him. You know, as in, which one bore more excitement and panache. Thesaurus THESAURUS► carry to have something or someone in your hands or arms when you go somewhere: · She was carrying a heavy suitcase.· Mary fainted, and had to be carried inside. ► tote especially American English informal to carry something such as a bag or a gun: · He came out of the office toting a black leather briefcase.· Guards toting machine guns stood inside the airport. ► lug to carry something heavy, with difficulty: · They lugged the mail in heavy canvas bags into the building. ► cart to carry something large and heavy somewhere, especially when this is annoying or hard work: · We carted all the furniture upstairs. ► schlep American English informal to carry something heavy: · Marty schlepped the suitcases upstairs. ► bear formal to carry something – used when talking about what someone has with them when they go somewhere. Bear is commonly used as a participle bearing: · They arrived bearing gifts.· Anna returned, bearing a large red packet. to stop something from falling► support to hold the weight of something and stop it from falling: · The branch was too weak to support his weight.· The ceiling was supported by huge stone columns.· Her body was so weak that she had to be supported by two nurses. ► hold up to stop something from falling: · These poles hold up the outer part of the tent.· His trousers were held up by an old piece of string. ► prop up to stop something from falling by putting something against it or under it: · The builders have propped up the walls with steel beams. ► carry to support the weight of someone or something – used about something supporting several people, vehicles etc: · The bridge could only carry up to two cars at a time.· The lift can carry up to 12 people. ► hold to be strong enough to support the weight of someone or something: · Are you sure the branch will hold both of us?· She prayed that the roof would hold her weight as she crawled along it. ► bear literary technical to hold the weight of something: · The truck did not look strong enough to bear the weight of all those people.· a load-bearing wall ► take somebody's/something's weight to be strong enough to support the weight of someone or something: · His damaged leg would not take his weight.· Any large mirrors should have additional support to take their weight.· Make sure you choose a pole that will take the weight of your curtains. ► tolerate verb [transitive] to accept unpleasant behaviour or an unpleasant situation, even though you do not like it: · We will not tolerate any kind of racism.· People tolerated corruption for years. ► put up with something to accept unpleasant behaviour or an unpleasant situation even though you do not like it. Put up with is less formal than tolerate, and is the usual word to use in everyday English: · I don’t see how you can put up with the constant noise.· Many people put up with poor pay and working conditions because they are afraid of losing their jobs. ► accept verb [transitive] to agree or deal with a situation you do not like but cannot change: · She found it hard to accept his death. ► stand/bear verb [transitive, not in progressive] to accept or be forced to accept an unpleasant situation – used especially about things which cause you pain or make you feel upset. Bear is more formal than stand: · I don’t know how you’ve stood it for so long.· Maisie couldn’t bear the pain any longer.· How do you stand living in such a mess? ► take verb [transitive] informal to accept an unpleasant situation or someone’s unpleasant behaviour without becoming upset: · She was shouting at him and he just stood there and took it.· I can’t take much more of this. ► live with something to accept a bad situation as a permanent part of your life that you cannot change: · I’ve had back pain for many years and I’ve just learned to live with it.· The guilt I felt was very hard to live with. ► endure verb [transitive] written to accept an unpleasant or difficult situation for a long time: · The victims of this war have endured tremendous pain and suffering.· The refugees endured cramped and filthy conditions. Longman Language Activatorto carry something or someone► carry to take something from one place to another, by holding it in your hands, lifting it on your back etc: · A porter helped me carry my bags.carry something to/out of/around etc: · The women have to carry water from the well to the village.· I've been carrying this tape-recorder around with me all day. ► bear formal or written to carry something, especially something important: · A messenger arrived, bearing a letter from the ambassador.· At the head of the procession a group of dark-suited men bore the coffin into the church. ► tote American informal to carry something: · My job was to tote their golf bags and wash their cars.· a gun-toting cowboy ► lug also schlep American informal to carry something heavy with difficulty: · We lugged our suitcases up the hotel steps.· I've got enough to carry without lugging your bags as well. ► cart informal to carry something that is awkward or heavy: cart something down/out etc: · Madge picked up the box and carted it out to the back yard.· I'm not going to cart your shopping around all afternoon. very different from something or someone else► have nothing in common if two or more people or things have nothing in common , they do not have the same qualities, opinions, or interests: · Apart from the fact that we went to the same school, we have absolutely nothing in common.have nothing in common with: · Batavia was a completely new modern city, having very little in common with other Indonesian towns. ► bear no relation to to be completely different from and not connected in any way with another person or thing: · Everyone complains that the national tests bear no relation to what children have learnt in class.· I was astonished when I read the press release, which bore no relation to what I had told them. ► worlds apart/poles apart people, beliefs, or ideas that are worlds or poles apart are so completely different that there is almost nothing about them that is similar: · I don't know why Max took an interest in me. We were always worlds apart.worlds apart/poles apart from: · The children were on holiday, enjoying a lifestyle worlds apart from the one they had to put up with at home. ► be a far cry from if a situation is a far cry from another situation or place, it is so different that it is almost the opposite: · We had dinner at the Ritz, a far cry from our usual hamburger and fries.· The first Olympic Games in 1896 were a far cry from the slick spectacle of today. ► there's a world of difference between if you say there is a world of difference between two activities or situations, you mean that they are completely different from each other and people should not expect them to be the same: · There is a world of difference between home-made bread and the tasteless substance that many people buy today. ► be a whole new ball game especially American, informal to be very different from what you have done or experienced before: · Being married is one thing, but having children is a whole new ball game. ► be like chalk and cheese British informal if two people who are related or good friends are like chalk and cheese , they are completely different in a way that surprises you: · It's hard to believe that they're brothers -- they're like chalk and cheese! to not like someone because of something they have done► have something against to dislike someone for a particular reason, although the reason is not clear: · Sam has something against me.· Your brother's got something against me. God knows what.· She probably has something against men. ► have it in for informal if someone has it in for you, they dislike you and are always looking for ways to hurt you, especially because of something you have done in the past: · I don't know why anybody would have it in for Eddy. He's a really nice guy.· Sometimes I think my supervisor has it in for me. ► bear a grudge to continue to dislike someone and feel angry with them, because you believe they harmed you in the past and you have not forgiven them: · She bore a grudge for a long time.· It isn't in that woman's nature to bear grudges.bear a grudge against: · He bore a grudge against my father for years. ► there is no love lost between somebody if there is no love lost between two people, they dislike each other and do not have a friendly relationship: · Sounds like there's not a lot of love lost between the two of you.· It is clear from these letters that there was no love lost between the Princess and her stepmother. to refuse to forgive someone► never forgive to refuse to forgive someone, because they have done something very bad: never forgive somebody for something: · She never really forgave Roy for what he said.never forgive yourself: · I'd never forgive myself if anything happened to the children while I was out. ► bear/hold a grudge to continue to feel angry with someone for a long time because they treated you badly in the past: · Coughlan loved to argue but he never held a grudge.bear/hold a grudge against: · Can you think of anyone who might bear a grudge against you?· Police believe the suspect held a grudge against the federal government. ► hold it against to dislike someone because of something they did in the past, even though it is no longer important: · Look, he made one mistake - you can't hold it against him for the rest of his life. to hate something because it is unpleasant► hate · I hate it when you speak to me like that.· Tony hated science when he was at school because he wasn't any good at it.hate doing something · If you're playing against Gary, I warn you, he hates losing!· Don't go in now - she hates being interrupted.hate to do something · Hurry up - I hate to be late! ► can't stand/can't bear especially spoken to dislike something so much that you want to avoid it, because it upsets you, annoys you, or makes you feel ill: · She stopped working in the factory because she couldn't stand the smell.· Turn the radio off. I can't bear that noise.can't stand/can't bear doing something: · He couldn't bear seeing her in so much pain.can't stand/bear somebody doing something: · I can't stand people smoking around me when I'm eating.can't stand/can't bear to do something: · I can't bear to think about the day she actually leaves home. ► detest to hate something very much, especially a particular activity, taste, or smell: · When he was at school he detested football.· You don't understand. It's not just that I don't like cabbage -- I absolutely detest it!detest doing something: · I detested spending two hours every day travelling to work and back. ► loathe to dislike something very much, especially because it makes you feel sick or nervous: · She loathes spiders.· If there's one thing I really loathe, it's long car journeys.loathe doing something: · Even after years of practice, he still loathed making public speeches. to show that something is correct or true► prove to show that something is definitely true, by providing facts or information: · We're sure Jason took the money, but we can't prove it.· Until there is evidence to prove any of these claims, we cannot pass judgement.prove that: · Can you prove that you were at home at the time of the attack? · He wanted to prove that he was just as clever as his sister.prove somebody wrong/innocent/guilty: · I would love to prove him wrong.prove something to somebody: · I'm telling the truth, and I can prove it to you.prove where/how etc: · Don't trust anyone who turns up at your door, unless they can prove who they are.prove something conclusively/beyond doubt: · His guilt has never been conclusively proven. ► show if facts or actions show that something is true, they prove that it is true: · The Prime Minister's comments show his ignorance of people's feelings.show (that): · Research shows that smiling increases the levels of hormones that promote good health.show where/how etc: · These figures show how serious the company's problems are.show something/somebody to be something: · A scientific theory is only 'true' until someone shows it to be false or inaccurate. ► demonstrate to do something or provide information which makes it very clear to people that something is true: · The studies demonstrate a clear link between smoking and heart disease.demonstrate (that): · The President is anxious to demonstrate that he has a strong foreign policy.demonstrate where/how etc: · Try to round off your answer by demonstrating how your old job has prepared you to do the job you are applying for. ► confirm if a piece of new information confirms an idea or belief that people already have, it shows that it is definitely true: · Police have found new evidence that confirms his story.confirm that: · The discovery seems to confirm that people lived here over 10,000 years ago.confirm somebody's worst fears (=prove that something is as bad as someone thought it was): · In July his worst fears were confirmed: he had cancer. ► support : support a theory/claim/notion/ view etc to help to prove that a belief, idea etc is probably true: · Do you have any evidence to support these claims?· The notion that women are worse drivers than men is simply not supported by the facts.· For twenty-five years he painstakingly amassed evidence to support his hypothesis. ► back up to provide additional information to help prove that a statement, belief, or explanation is correct: back up something: · When you write a history essay, you should back up all your points with facts.back something/it/them up: · They claim they can give us the best deal, but can they back this up with guarantees?· Wright was accused of pretending to be injured, and this was backed up by video evidence. ► bear out if facts or information bear out a claim or opinion, they support it and help to prove that it is probably true: bear out something: · Most of the available evidence bears out the view that students learn better in small classes than in large classes.· My warnings about Jean-Paul were later borne out by his dishonesty.bear somebody out (=prove what someone has said is true): · Last summer I predicted an increase in terrorist violence, and recent events have borne me out. ► substantiate formal to provide additional information that helps to prove that a statement is correct, especially if the statement is difficult to believe: substantiate a claim/an allegation: · The authorities claimed they were conspiring to overthrow the government, but offered no evidence to substantiate these claims.· Allegations made by prisoners are usually only considered when substantiated by the evidence of a prison officer. ► validate formal to prove that information or results are correct by using scientific tests or very careful checking - used in scientific or technical contexts: · All the information used in this report has been validated by an independent panel of experts.· This is an interesting hypothesis, but all attempts to validate it have so far failed. ► corroborate formal to provide additional information which supports or agrees with something that most people already accept as true - used in scientific and legal contexts: · Levine claims that a third car was involved in the accident and witnesses have corroborated this.· Professor Carling's findings have been corroborated by more recent research.corroborate a story: · There was no one to corroborate her story about the disturbance in the lounge.corroborating evidence: · No doctor would order surgery on the basis of a single test result, without corroborating clinical evidence. to try to remember something that you may need to know later► memorize also memorise British to learn facts, numbers, lines etc from a piece of writing or music, so that you can remember them later: · Wesley would pray for hours and memorize large sections of the Bible. · Don't write down your PIN number, memorize it. ► note to remember something, such as a fact or information, especially by writing it down, because you may need to know it in the future: · Before leaving, she noted the times of the return trains.note down (=to write the things you have to remember): · He read the text carefully, noting down the queries to be resolved later. ► make a mental note to make yourself remember something because you may need to know it or do it in the future: · I let the remark pass, but made a mental note for myself.make a mental note to do something: · I said nothing to Liz, but made a mental note to ask her sister about it later.make a mental note of: · As he came in, I made a mental note of where he put the keys. ► bear/keep in mind to remember a fact or some information because it will be useful to you in the future: bear/keep in mind that: · Keep in mind that the teacher's previous experience in preparing students for the Cambridge exam can influence the results. bear/keep something in mind: · "You're always welcome to stay here, you know." "Thanks, I'll bear it in mind."· For users unfamiliar with the system, there are a few general points to keep in mind.be worth keeping/bearing something in mind: · It's worth keeping in mind that drinks are cheaper before eight o'clock. to accept an unpleasant situation► put up with to accept an annoying situation or someone's annoying behaviour, without trying to stop it or change it: · I don't know how you put up with all this noise day after day.· You see what I have to put up with - the kids never stop arguing.· Well, you put up with the danger and bad conditions, because you need to feed your family. ► can stand to accept or be forced to accept an unpleasant situation: · Don't bring me your problems, I've already got as much trouble as I can stand.· There are cats in every room. I don't know how she can stand it.can stand doing something: · I don't think I'll be able to stand sharing an office with Dana.stand another hour/minute/moment etc: · Can you stand another minute of this awful music? Shall I turn it off? ► bear to accept pain or an unpleasant situation that makes you angry, sad, or upset: · My leg really hurts -- I'm not sure how much longer I can bear it.· Talking to a counsellor can help divorcees to bear the pain of separation.· The trial was a great scandal but she bore it all with courage and dignity.be hard to bear: · Her loneliness was hard to bear, after her husband died. ► tolerate to accept an annoying situation or someone's annoying behaviour, without trying to stop it or change it. Tolerate is more formal than put up with: · She seems to be able to tolerate any kind of behaviour from the students.· For years, the workers have had to tolerate low wages and terrible working conditions.· If you can tolerate the side-effects, HRT can help the symptoms enormously. ► endure written to accept or be forced to accept a very unpleasant or difficult situation for a long time: · She endured a barrage of open abuse and racism during her time at college.· The people in this country have endured almost a decade of economic hardship. ► take/handle informal to accept an unpleasant situation or someone's unpleasant behaviour without becoming upset: · I've tried to be understanding, but quite honestly, this is more than I can take.· Tell me what happened -- I can handle it.· Are you going to argue with me, or are you just going to stand there and take it? ► live with to accept an unpleasant situation as a permanent part of your life that you cannot change: · You have to learn to live with stress.· I found the burden of guilt very difficult to live with.· None of us really like the new system, but we've got to learn to live with it.live with yourself (=accept something bad or wrong that you have done): · You should be careful before you do anything rash. Remember, you'll have to live with yourself afterwards. ► be hard to stomach to be difficult for you to accept: · Every year the Christmas shopping season seems to start earlier, a fact which many people find hard to stomach.· I found this lecture from Chris of all people hard to stomach. ► grin and bear it spoken to accept an unpleasant or difficult situation as happily as you can, because you cannot change it: · Well, I said to myself, I'll just have to grin and bear it.· The message was clear - no matter how insulting passengers became, we couldn't do anything but grin and bear it. when something has the result that you want it to have► succeed if something that you plan to do or try to do succeeds , you get the result that you hoped for: · Both sides could make these talks succeed by seeking a real and lasting peace.· As long as the financial crisis continues, economic reform cannot possibly succeed.succeed in doing something: · None of the measures taken by the government have succeeded in reducing the spread of violent crime. ► successful if something that you plan to do or try to do is successful you get the result that you hoped for: · If the treatment is successful, she could be back at school next month.· a small but successful program to boost the number of African-Americans getting into collegehighly successful (=very successful): · It was a highly successful campaign.the most successful: · This has been Baltimore's most successful art show ever.so successful (. . . that): · The case of Thailand illustrates why family planning programs have been so successful in many countries. prove successful (=be successful): · The scheme was started in January 2000, and has proved largely successful. ► work if a plan or method works , it produces the result that you want: · "I can't open this jar." "Try putting it under hot water. That sometimes works."· I think your treatment worked Arnie, my headache's gone.· The recipe works just as well if you cook the fish in a microwave. ► go well if something goes well , such as a meeting, party, or performance, everything happens in the way you wanted and there are no problems: · Ray met my parents for the first time this weekend, and it went really well.· The audition was OK, but it could have gone better I suppose.· Most people seem to think the party went well.go well for: · Good luck with the project, and I hope everything goes well for you. ► have some success if a plan, method etc has some success , it is fairly successful: · The early warning system has had some success; for example Pacific coast residents get four hours notice of a potential earthquake.· Only in the late 1990s did efforts to reduce sectarian violence have some success. ► come out right/turn out right if something comes out right or turns out right , it succeeds in the end when it had seemed as though it would fail: · People enjoy romantic fiction because it offers a reassurance that things will always come out right.· Just when it looks as though everything will turn out right, tragedy strikes and Jenny dies of a fatal illness.come out right in the end: · She's scared she'll fail her exams, but I think everything'll come out right in the end. ► come off if something that you arrange such as a party or trip comes off , it happens successfully even though there are problems in arranging it: · We had hoped to organize a trip to the theatre tonight, but it didn't come off.· Good try Tim. Shame it didn't quite come off. ► pay off if hard work, effort, a risk etc pays off , it has a successful result at a later time: · I think if you show a bit more consideration for other road users, you'll find it pays off.· We put a lot of hard work into local initiatives, and that's really starting to pay off now. ► bear fruit if a plan, idea, or action bears fruit , it has the successful result that it was intended to have, especially after a long period of time: · The campaign for debt relief will not bear fruit for another two or three years. · I hope you feel your involvement has been worthwhile and has borne fruit. ► fruitful a meeting, discussion etc that is fruitful is successful, useful, and produces good results: · So far, the investigation has not been very fruitful.· This was one of the most fruitful debates of the conference.· If the talks prove fruitful, the working groups will start bargaining in May. to support something or someone so that they do not fall down► support · Unfortunately, the branch was too weak to support his weight.· The ceiling was supported by huge stone columns.· Sitting at a table in the coffee shop, her chin supported by her hands, she was deep in thought.· Her body was so weak that she had to be supported by two nurses. ► hold up to support the weight of something and prevent it from falling down. Hold up is more informal than support: hold up something: · We can't knock that wall down. It's the one that holds up the house.· These poles hold up the outer part of the tent.hold something up: · Why don't we use some of these pieces of wood to hold it up?· The only thing holding the wall up was a frail-looking section of scaffolding. ► bear formal to support all the weight of something, especially something heavy: · The baby's narrow neck looked too fragile to bear the weight of its head.· The tunnel would have needed to be extremely strong to bear the full weight of the earth above. ► carry if something carries a particular weight, it is able to support it, especially because it has been designed to: · The bridge could only carry up to two cars at a time.· The pillars have been specially strengthened in order to carry the weight of the new ceiling.· Front tyres tend to go down more quickly than back ones, because they carry more weight. ► take somebody's/something's weight to support the weight of someone or something - use this especially to say whether or not something is strong enough to do this: · I hope the ice is strong enough to take my weight.· I'm not sure if this table can take the weight of all these books. ► prop up to stop something from falling by putting something else against it or under it: prop up something: · The builders have propped up the walls with steel beams.prop something up: · I sat down and propped my feet up on the edge of the desk. ► shore up to support something such as a wall or a building that has been damaged or is in bad condition by putting big pieces of wood or metal against it: shore up something: · The fence was shored up with sheets of old iron.shore something up: · Our huts were falling down, so we used branches to shore them up. what you say to tell someone to wait► wait · Wait, I have a better idea.· Wait! We haven't talked to Vicky yet.wait a minute/moment/second etc · Wait a minute. I forgot to turn off the lights.· Wait a second, don't rush off! ► just a minute/second say this when you want someone to wait a short time: · Just a minute, I'm almost ready.· Just a second, let me just check I've got my keys with me. ► hold on also hang on especially British use this to tell someone to wait for a short time: · Hold on - I haven't finished yet.hold on a minute/moment/second etc: · Hang on a minute while I find her phone number. ► wait and see use this to tell someone to be patient because they will find out about something later: · "So what's this surprise you've got for me then?" "Wait and see."· I'm not going to tell you who else I've invited - you'll just have to wait and see. ► see how things go say this when you are advising someone to wait before deciding something, in order to see how the situation develops: · Let's load up the program and see how things go.· See how things go for another week, and if you're no better we'll change the treatment. ► wait up American use this to tell someone to stop, because you want to talk to them or go with them: · Wait up, you guys! I can't walk that fast. ► I'll be right with you/be right there say this when you want someone to know that you will be able to see them or talk to them very soon: · I'm sorry for the delay, sir - I'll be right with you.· Hang your coat up and make yourself at home - I'll be right there. ► bear with me formal use this to ask someone to wait patiently while you explain something or while you finish what you are doing: · If you'll just bear with me, I'll explain.· Bear with me for just a couple of minutes while I find my notes. ► hold your horses say this to someone who is hurrying too much, when you want them to slow down: · Hold your horses - I haven't even said I'll do the job yet! ► all in good time spoken say this to someone who wants you to hurry, to tell them that you are not going to: · "When are we going to open the presents?" "All in good time." WORD SETS► Birth afterbirth, nounantenatal, adjectiveartificial insemination, nounbaby blues, nounbarren, adjectivebarrier method, nounbear, verbbirth control, nounbreast-feed, verbbreech birth, nouncaesarean, nouncap, nounchildbearing, nounchildbirth, nounconceive, verbconfinement, nouncontraception, nouncontraction, nounC-section, noundeliver, verbdelivery, noundiaphragm, nounDutch cap, nounembryo, nounembryology, nouneugenics, nounfamily planning, nounfertility, nounfertility drug, nounfertilize, verbfetal, adjectivefetus, nounfoetal position, nounfoetus, nounfull-term, adjectivegestation, noungonad, nounincubator, nouninduce, verbinduction, nouninfant mortality rate, nouninfertile, adjectiveIUD, nounIVF, nounmaternal, adjectivematernity, nounmidwife, nounmidwifery, nounmilk, nounmiscarriage, nounmiscarry, verbmorning-after pill, nounmorning sickness, nounmother-to-be, nounmum-to-be, nounnatal, adjectivenatural, adjectivenatural childbirth, nounneuter, verbnurse, verbobstetrics, nounoral contraceptive, nounoviduct, nounovulate, verbovum, nounperinatal, adjectivepostnatal, adjectivepreemie, nounpregnancy, nounpregnant, adjectivepremature, adjectivepresentation, nounprocreate, verbproduce, verbquickening, nounreproduce, verbreproduction, nounreproductive, adjectiverhythm method, nounspay, verbsterile, adjectivesterilize, verbstillbirth, nounstillborn, adjectivestretch mark, nounsurrogate mother, nounswaddle, verbswaddling clothes, nountermination, nountest-tube baby, nountrimester, nounultrasound, nounumbilical cord, noununborn, adjectivewean, verbzygote, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYbear + NOUN► bear the pain · He knew that he couldn’t bear the pain much longer. ► bear the heat/cold · Some people find it hard to bear the heat in the summer. ► bear the strain/pressure · Mark couldn’t bear the pressure of the job any longer. phrases► can hardly bear something (=find something very difficult or upsetting to do)· He was so ashamed that he could hardly bear to look at her. ► be unable to bear something · Fiona was unable to bear the thought of selling the house. ► be hard to bear · The situation was very hard to bear. ► be more than somebody can bear · He sometimes felt the grief was more than he could bear. ► bear the brunt of something (=be in the worst position and have to deal with it)· Shareholders will bear the brunt of the company’s financial troubles. ► grin and bear it (=accept it without complaining)· It was a horrible job but she had to grin and bear it. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► hold/bear something aloft  He emerged, holding a baby aloft. ► bear/carry/shoulder the burden (=be responsible for something)· At the age of 16, Suzy bore the burden of providing for her family. ► a compass bearing/reading (=a direction shown by a compass)· We took a compass bearing to ensure we were walking in the right direction. ► meet/bear the cost of something (=pay for something, especially with difficulty)· His family were unable to meet the cost of his operation. ► have ... crosses to bear  I feel sorry for you, but we all have our crosses to bear. ► bear/carry a grudge · Wallace said the rumors had been started by someone who bore a grudge against him. ► bear/hold etc no grudge · He insisted that he held no grudge against Taylor. ► bear the hallmark of  Their performance did not bear the hallmark of European champions. ► bore ... malice  James bore her no malice (=did not feel any malice towards her). ► bearing in mind  More money should be given to housing, bearing in mind (=because of) the problem of homelessness. ► bring pressure to bear on somebody (=put pressure on them)· These groups have brought pressure to bear on the government. ► bear no relation to reality (=not match what is really happening or true)· His vision of European politics bears no relation to reality. ► bear no/little relationship to something · The allegations bore no relationship to the facts. ► bear/have a resemblance to somebody/something · People said he bore a striking resemblance to the president. ► bear little/no resemblance to somebody/something · He bore little resemblance to the photograph in the newspaper. ► bear resentment (=feel it)· My father's favourite was my younger sister, and I'd always borne him some resentment for this. ► bear responsibility for something (=be responsible for something bad)· Developed countries must bear much of the responsibility for environmental problems. ► bear a scar formal (=have it on your body)· He still bore the scars of its teeth on his leg. ► carry/bear scars (=to suffer from feelings of fear or sadness)· These children will carry their emotional scars with them for the rest of their lives. ► not stand up to scrutiny/not bear scrutiny (=be found to have faults when examined)· Such arguments do not stand up to careful scrutiny. ► bear signs of something (=have signs)· The bed was neatly made and bore no signs of having been slept in. ► bear a/some similarity to something (=be like something)· The murder bore a striking similarity to another shooting 25 miles away. ► bear a slogan (=have a slogan printed on something)· a badge bearing a campaign slogan ► bore ... the stamp of  The speech bore (=had)the stamp of authority. ► bear the suspense  She couldn’t bear the suspense a moment longer. ► can’t bear the thought of something · I can’t bear the thought of you being hurt. ► bear/carry a watermark  The sheet bears the watermark ‘1836’. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADVERB► hardly · She could hardly bear to listen to them, smiling Clyde, amiable Harvey, fat Marlene.· Heartrending, Rob thought; he could hardly bear to look.· The two sides of the equation did not balance and she could hardly bear the implications of that.· I am so homesick I can hardly bear it.· At school the next day I hurt so much I could hardly bear to stay sitting down.· I remember being filled with such excitement I could hardly bear it.· What that will do to Strachan's nerves hardly bears thinking about.· He could hardly bear to go on. NOUN► brunt · A recent report showed how older workers bear the brunt of economic recession.· It will bear the brunt of the estimated $ 1 billion cost for the changes on Okinawa.· The depot is bearing the brunt of a package of cost cutting measures across three sites.· Southern California, where the banks had the most overlap, will bear the brunt of the cuts.· He thought that the garrison of Richmond ought now to bear the brunt of the fighting.· Millions of carers argue that they bear the brunt of the job ... without recognition, or proper payment.· Retailers are in the immediate line of fire and were first to bear the brunt of cost cutting. ► burden · Those people may have roughly the same income and circumstances and they may all be able to bear the same burden.· To what extent are the various taxes shifted and who bears the ultimate burden?· People can not afford to bear a heavier burden, and we shall not put a heavier burden on them.· Wives bore a greater burden in dealing with these daily difficulties than did their preoccupied husbands.· If this applies, small indexed sequential files bear a heavy burden compared with larger files.· Some have struggled all their lives, and now are forced to bear this unexpected burden during retirement.· Is the potential for misidentification any less when the defence bear the burden of proof?· He went further and said that the prosecution bore that burden whenever the issue of prejudice through delay was raised. ► child · Others develop the feeling of bearing a child more gradually.· Reproductive system After the menopause, women are no longer able to bear children, as their ovaries stop releasing eggs.· Quintana, who works at a car wash, said she bore her first child at age 13.· Next, their wives were fed since they could bear more children.· She bore two children, was banished from the colony and yet reappeared later.· She was a lady of unearthly beauty who married a Count of Anjou and bore him four children.· Even if women are raped, he says, they should be legally required to bear the children. ► cost · And who will bear the cost?· Such action forces potential offenders, under the threat of legal action, to bear all the costs associated with their production.· The buyers therefore had to bear the costs of the deterioration.· Instead, landowner Peter Dillingham will bear the cost.· A long debate determines who will be unlucky and bear the cost of eggs rather than sperm.· Retailers are in the immediate line of fire and were first to bear the brunt of cost cutting.· The insured must bear the costs of the Engineers fees unless liability is subsequently established under the policy.· The Society are now seeking a skilled modeller to carry out this work and have undertaken to bear the costs involved. ► costs · The buyers therefore had to bear the costs of the deterioration.· In terms of our organizational behavior model, costs bring the fear of low performance immediately to bear.· The Legal Aid Fund bears the costs risk rather than the litigant.· Such action forces potential offenders, under the threat of legal action, to bear all the costs associated with their production.· For the moment, capital was bearing the costs of overaccumulation.· Other terms Purchaser and vendor to bear their own costs.· The insured must bear the costs of the Engineers fees unless liability is subsequently established under the policy.· Any exports to the mainland have to bear high transport costs. ► cross · We all have our crosses to bear.· Was this his Cross to bear?· Each symbol was placed in front of larger crosses bearing the name and crest of the unit or group.· He says it's a cross to bear.· Look - you've got your cross to bear, all right, I've got mine.· Thought it has a supportive county council and a productive work force, yet it has its cross to bear.· A tall stone cross on the site bears the following dedication: To the Brave of Both Nations. ► fruit · Some investment does not bear fruit.· They began to see that devoting time and energy to this endeavor bore fruit.· The first is that the policies have largely been implemented as intended and that they are bearing fruit.· What contacts there are do not always bear fruit.· Whether the 90s will bear further fruit remains to be seen.· It bears fruit continuously throughout the growing season.· The years of work and attention were bearing fruit now, and suddenly this stroke of luck with Betty.· Never would she let the earth bear fruit until she had seen her daughter. ► grudge · Drought-lovers are natural container plants and will not bear a grudge if you forget to water them.· Otis, who bore lifelong grudges over provocations infinitely smaller than this, was realistic enough to know when he was had.· It would not do to have Miss Blagden imagine she bore any grudge.· Does some one bear a grudge against Vallejo?· Lets hope they don't bear a grudge!· He said both men came from deprived backgrounds and bore a grudge against the area in which they lived.· Guenelon bears a grudge in his heart, which eventually blossoms into a scheme for revenge.· Y/N 7 I am willing to forgive people who have upset me and do not bear grudges against them. ► hallmark · It also bears the hallmarks of a long-cherished project.· The attack bore all the hallmarks of a loyalist murder bid.· Whatever it was, it didn't bear the hallmark of life in Knockglen.· In singling out gay men, the offence bears the hallmarks of homophobic prejudice, and belongs to the less tolerant era.· Cricket is primarily a man's game, bearing all the hallmarks of male camaraderie.· The sculptures bear all the hallmarks of the Braun workshop and date from 1713-19.· But they said the type of attack bore all the hallmarks of the I-R-A.· It does not, in other words, bear the hallmarks of Thatcherism. ► influence · Nor was noble influence brought to bear only in moments of crisis.· Campaigning can bring political influences to bear on the students that might affect them detrimentally. 3.· The outside influences have no bearing on what you can do for your basketball team....· He also wrote letters to bring the full weight of the family's influence to bear on Cambridge University.· All sorts of influences are brought to bear upon us every time we turn on the radio or open a newspaper. ► mark · A large piece of whale blubber, bearing the marks of fleshing knives, has been discovered off west Falkland.· The imam still bore the mark of that experience in his gaunt frame and sallow, jaundiced complexion.· The great Leinster dinner service of 1747 was his swansong: no silver bearing his mark appears thereafter.· Products graded in accordance with established standards bear the appropriate grade marks.· And her body, bearing one tiny mark, had been found with a bird's head, near the barrow.· Krupat's face, which I knew so well, bore some recent marks.· Some of you have the look of lords, yet you bear the mark of hard travelling and your steeds are scarred.· None the less, nationalization still bore the mark of long struggles by the labour movement to further working class interests. ► mind · You should also bear in mind that social security payments might be higher abroad.· And bear in mind that it was an hour later and in the middle of the week.· And while that would seem to leave Jen open to offers, bear in mind that she can be a difficult customer.· The Home Secretary should bear in mind the fact that this case is subjudice.· Meredith, bearing in mind Harriet's warning that this horse might kick, prudently moved away a little.· I have no authority to do that in a half-day debate, but perhaps hon. Members will bear it in mind.· We should bear in mind continually that the whole field is controversial.· To approach this question, we bear in mind the principle that variability in language is socially functional. ► name · He devised a set of heavy draft horse casting hobbles which are now outmoded but still bear his name.· The Lechmere chain traces its roots to merchant Abraham Cohen, who opened a harness store that bore his name in 1913.· The large old building, with its sign over the door bearing the Grenfell name, stood silent and empty.· Croix, who was dizzy and nauseated when he penciled in the river that bears his name.· Each symbol was placed in front of larger crosses bearing the name and crest of the unit or group.· Conoco currently operates in 37 states from Texas to Montana, with 5, 125 service stations bearing the Conoco name.· There was a second edition in 1803, bearing Coleman's name.· They all bore the name of the same author. ► pressure · He brought undue pressure to bear on his parents by giving them an entirely misleading account of the documents.· With all the pressure brought to bear upon them, both President Lincoln and General Halleck stood by me....· This concession would not have happened but for the pressure brought to bear on the authorities.· In London Channel 4 journalists and Insight News, the production company, brought pressure to bear.· As consumers in a capitalist society we have great power to bring pressure to bear.· On his eastern border, Ine brought pressure to bear on the eastern Saxons who were sheltering exiles from his kingdom.· Those groups have brought pressure to bear on government to provide resources or pursue policies to the benefit of their members.· No pressure was brought to bear on visitors who were reluctant to co-operate. ► relation · The yardage on the card often bears little relation to the club you select.· The punishment in this instance is not arbitrary; it bears some relation to the punishable behavior.· They bear little enough relation to the land that now lies west of Jerusalem.· It bore no relation to the equivalent of aerodynamic facts, namely, anthropological evidence as a whole.· Hence the amount of Business Rate each local authority receives will bear no relation to the amount actually collected in each area.· This bull market bears no relation to that gambling spree.· The picture bore no relation to the blotchy, snotty, shouting face of angry childhood.· Furthermore, who told the stories about whom seemed to bear some relation to the conventional pecking order. ► relationship · This chapter has reviewed a wide range of research which may bear on relationships between subjective risk and memory for driving situations.· Why is life so unfair-whether you live or die bears no relationship to what kind of person you are.· The available statistical evidence bears out this crude relationship between years of education and earnings.· The symbols used in a language are arbitrary and bear no relationship to what they represent.· Availability of resources and their actual use seem frequently to bear little relationship to each other.· Expiatory punishment is arbitrary in character because it does not bear any relationship to the offense.· They too complain of pain whose severity bears little or no relationship to the tissue destruction. ► resemblance · The oldest Tertiary rocks contained archaic mammals that bore no resemblance to the living families within the class.· The rumors bore an uncanny resemblance to whatever people feared most.· I say nuclear catastrophe partly because any exchange of nuclear arsenals will bear no resemblance to anything that could be called war.· But his co-defendant, Terry Nichols, bears no resemblance to the sketch of John Doe 2.· And he was helped by the fact that he bears a slight resemblance to the blond singer in Abba, too.· She bore little resemblance to the fashionable woman she had been just a few weeks ago.· They say that the handwriting at the top bears no resemblance to that of any Press office staff.· Citations commonly bore little resemblance to events. ► responsibility · No one likes to bear the responsibility for such decisions.· It was hard to tell which side bore more responsibility for the disorders, the police or the rioters.· Ironically, the papacy must bear some responsibility for these developments.· But women bear some responsibility, too.· But he bears primary responsibility for tax and economic policies that lost Labour the election.· In the past, the companies have said they bear no responsibility for the actions of dealers who sell guns.· It was as though she were dead and he bore the responsibility for killing her.· He must bear primary responsibility for the chaos that descended upon the White House when such disclosure did occur. ► scar · His twice broken kneecap still bears the scars - for Lawrence today was the test he's been waiting for.· All bore ugly scars from repeated knife fights on the streets and in the dives around Clinton Avenue.· This boat was used in an Indiana Jones film and still bears the scars.· She still bore the scars of battle, a battle she had nearly lost.· He had only ever been discovered once and still bore the scars on his wrist from the Alsatian's razor-sharp-teeth.· He still bore the scars of her teeth on his calf and upper thigh.· And within a week Aseta was playing again-though she still bears the scar today.· Many people bear permanent scars from such encounters. ► similarity · If this was Richard's first experience of war it bore an ironical similarity to his last.· They say the cases bear no similarity.· The interiors of these churches are tall and dark and bear strong similarities to inverted ships.· In fact, of course, much of this material bore only a tenuous similarity to its genuinely customary counterparts.· This description bears marked similarities to those offered by a number of eminent sociologists who adopt the trait approach. ► son · Eleven months later she bore his son.· She would bear him a son named Epaphus, and live for ever after happy and honored.· He further conquered her by ensuring she fell in love with him, and she bore him three sons.· After she died in 1647, a new wife bore him one more son in his sixtieth year.· She was jealous that I was to bear her husband's son - I could not hate her for that.· She bore him one posthumous son.· Somehow that was easier to bear than a son.· For example, the ability to bear sons remained important in early twentieth-century farming communities. ► stamp · It did not, now, bear the stamp of Duncan on it.· His early work, produced between 1930 and 1933, bears the stamp of sectarianism.· In the first two weeks of January 1992, 18 more people were killed in murders bearing the stamp of death squads.· The scheme bore the unmistakable stamp of Kurt Hahn and his trust system that Charles had seen in operation at Gordonstoun.· How could she produce anything that bore the stamp of continuity and at the same time managed to be fresh and original?· Wycliffe lifted out a man's wrist watch and a little wad of letters still in their envelopes and bearing foreign stamps.· Such cheques will bear the bank's stamp and a bank official's signature on their face. ► thought · Riley, Riley, I can't bear the thought of your leaving.· You couldn't bear the thought of a chit of a girl sweeping in and scooping the jackpot.· And she couldn't bear the thought of being sucked back into the ebb tide of loneliness again either.· He simply can not bear the thought of his hated enemy getting hold of young Adam.· I can't bear the thought of Batty playing against Leeds.· I couldn't bear the thought that it was you he loved.· She longed to encounter some other human presence and could not bear the thought of it. ► weight · But to my mind neither section 8 nor the Gillick decision will bear the weight which he seeks to place upon them.· I went down the steps, slowly, enjoying the way each step bore my weight.· Yet these will hardly bear the weight of a theory so grand as the fusion of legacy and trust.· Differences that had seemed slight when they were in their early twenties now bore social weight.· The Hooper who existed in Brideshead Revisited, though, bore all the weight of Waugh's opprobrium.· If the floor is properly framed, you should not need extra support underneath to bear the weight of the fireplace.· As a foundation it is inadequate to bear the weight of the case that Mr. McGregor sought to build upon it.· His arms were numb, his hands too weak to bear his weight. ► witness · I did not steal or bear false witness.· There, too, literature bears witness.· Sparrow's books bear witness to his movement in the most exclusive circles.· They also bear witness to trade over long distances.· The Prisoner of Zenda and its sequel certainly bear witness to their author's craftsmanship.· Those empty houses bore mute witness to the violence of the times.· The Mutawas, clothed in self-righteousness, were there to bear witness to the appropriate punishment.· Half way across the site, the earth is scorched, and the remnants of dwellings bear witness to a horrendous fire. VERB► bring · This would bring financial pressure to bear on his friends and family, and besides it was profitable.· Mummy and I will bring our guns to bear.· There is a finite amount of government resources we can bring to bear.· Anyway, on with my story, for soon other pressures were to be brought to bear.· In bringing the arts to bear on his discussion, Hardison shines brightly.· Employers brought maximum pressure to bear on workers in order to restore order: recalcitrant strikers faced lockouts.· He asserts that he is: bringing to bear the precision of photography in the illustration of our subject. ► grin · We just have to grin and bear it.· It's not exactly affectionate, but we Limeys can grin and bear it.· But she was not on the tour, so I had to grin and bear it.· And up to now, you've had to quit or grin and bear it.· Abu Salim decided that a third day wasn't necessary so I had to grin and bear it.· There was no alternative but to grin and bear it.· After debate the team concluded that they had to grin and bear it rather than descend into paranoia. Phrases PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► bear a resemblance/relation to somebody/something Bellow supported Roth's early work, and Roth's work was to bear a resemblance to Bellow's. The medical model is explicit: Teaching bears a resemblance to the practice of medicine. ► bear fruit The boys remained optimistic that their musical career might bear fruit. The campaign for debt relief will not bear fruit for another two or three years. The project may not begin to bear fruit for at least two years. However, these plants will not bear fruit as a rule. It bears fruit continuously throughout the growing season. Networking A development which seems likely to bear fruit was the creation of a working party from within the panel. Never would she let the earth bear fruit until she had seen her daughter. Some investment does not bear fruit. The first is that the policies have largely been implemented as intended and that they are bearing fruit. The years of work and attention were bearing fruit now, and suddenly this stroke of luck with Betty. Then he continued to the town with the apple tree and told the townsman how to make the tree bear fruit again. ► something doesn’t bear thinking about The reaction I'll get when my parents find out doesn't even bear thinking about. ► bear interest A part of the legacy, however, ceases to bear interest. ► bring pressure/influence to bear (on somebody/something) As consumers in a capitalist society we have great power to bring pressure to bear. In London Channel 4 journalists and Insight News, the production company, brought pressure to bear. It is no longer our job to criticize or bring pressure to bear. On his eastern border, Ine brought pressure to bear on the eastern Saxons who were sheltering exiles from his kingdom. Those groups have brought pressure to bear on government to provide resources or pursue policies to the benefit of their members. Workers have their own organisations which can bring pressure to bear on governments and make demands on the state. ► bear witness/testimony to something Photographs taken in 1904 bear witness to the extent of these repairs. Punta Banda's ghostly streets, vacant houses and shuttered hotel bear testimony to dreams gone sour. Sparrow's books bear witness to his movement in the most exclusive circles. The current trial of Timothy McVeigh in the Oklahoma City bombing that killed 168 persons bears witness to that. The human genome bears witness to this process, too. The Renaissance bears witness to a sociology, a psychology of joy. They bear witness to the precious quality of the embryo and the birth process. They alone bear witness to uneasiness and possible stress. ► bear right/left Bear left where the road divides. The road bears to the right. After descending, bear left on to the grassy bridleway which joins the road. From St Martin's church bear left past Cwmyoy Farm. Go through gate then bear right across field heading for stile that can be seen on skyline. His eyes bore right through me. I came to the place in the road where you bear left to go down to the valley of Chimayo. On reaching the saddle bear right along the ridge to the summit. Stay on the main track, bearing left at the fork two miles in. ► bear yourself Throughout the trial, she bore herself with great dignity. She was very pale, but bore herself with rigid composure. ► can’t bear something► bear down on somebody/something A stillness which seemed to bear down on her like a physical presence. Five or six men, horsed, masked and well-armed, burst from a clump of trees and bore down on them. For those who find Christmas suddenly bearing down on them, the build-up to the day is one blur of activity. His eyes bore down on me out of a somewhat hawklike face, and I immediately became flustered. Meanwhile, the New Zealand Interislander Ferry is bearing down on us like a 350-foot long, 40-foot tall aquatic freight train. The Pequod bears down on the area and comes between the whale and the floundering seamen. These thoughts bear down on me as I sit here on this third night of writing. Yussuf bore down on her in a fury. ► bear with me Bear with me for a minute while I check our records. Bear with me for just a couple of minutes while I find my notes. If you'll just bear with me, I'll explain. But I hope to learn these soon if anybody will have the goodness to bear with me. To explain just why, you will have to bear with me while I explain about the naming of modern medical potions. ► bear (something) in mind Thanks, I'll bear that in mind. Tourists must bear in mind that they are visitors in another country. I said I would bear his suggestion in mind. If he had ... no conclusions yet, just bear it in mind. It is important that we bear these differences in mind when we attempt to analyse the formal nature of public sector organisations. Mr. Clarke Any intelligent parent, intelligent governor or intelligent newspaper person will bear it in mind that various factors influence results. My right hon. Friend should bear that in mind. The Prime Minister I will certainly bear that in mind. The problem is largely an insuperable one, and all we can do at this stage is to bear it in mind. Thus, firms entering overseas markets must bear this in mind when introducing new products or services. PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► bear-baiting/badger-baiting etc► bring something to bear (on/upon something) Campaigning can bring political influences to bear on the students that might affect them detrimentally. 3. Employers brought maximum pressure to bear on workers in order to restore order: recalcitrant strikers faced lock-outs. He brought undue pressure to bear on his parents by giving them an entirely misleading account of the documents. He could not bring his mind to bear on the distant world her handwriting suggested. He resisted the pain, tried to bring the weapon to bear. Mummy and I will bring our guns to bear. Short of a hostile military intervention in Kosovo, there are other ways of bringing outside power to bear. Workers have their own organisations which can bring pressure to bear on governments and make demands on the state. ► bear/take/suffer etc the brunt of something Group comportment had deteriorated by the day, with yours truly bearing the brunt of the collective delinquency. He thought that the garrison of Richmond ought now to bear the brunt of the fighting. Her hands, which she threw up to protect her face took the brunt of the injury. It will bear the brunt of the estimated $ 1 billion cost for the changes on Okinawa. Retailers are in the immediate line of fire and were first to bear the brunt of cost cutting. Southern California, where the banks had the most overlap, will bear the brunt of the cuts. The depot is bearing the brunt of a package of cost cutting measures across three sites. The front of the car, and those in it, took the brunt of the impact. ► crashing bore At worst, a crashing bore. ► grin and bear it Abu Salim decided that a third day wasn't necessary so I had to grin and bear it. After debate the team concluded that they had to grin and bear it rather than descend into paranoia. And up to now, you've had to quit or grin and bear it. But she was not on the tour, so I had to grin and bear it. It's not exactly affectionate, but we Limeys can grin and bear it. There was no alternative but to grin and bear it. We just have to grin and bear it. ► bear the mark of something A large piece of whale blubber, bearing the marks of fleshing knives, has been discovered off west Falkland. None the less, nationalization still bore the mark of long struggles by the labour movement to further working class interests. Some of you have the look of lords, yet you bear the mark of hard travelling and your steeds are scarred. The imam still bore the mark of that experience in his gaunt frame and sallow, jaundiced complexion. ► bear/keep somebody/something in mind Bobcat. Keep that in mind. But they keep Soviet might in mind, however remote the threat now seems. If he had ... no conclusions yet, just bear it in mind. It is important to bear this in mind in any study of the role of school governors in meeting special educational needs. It is important to keep your audience in mind when writing a report. They might bear that in mind. To keep it in mind, at all costs. We've got to bear it in mind. ► bore/scare etc the pants off somebody He wasn't interested in the heavy political stuff which bored the pants off most people. It took ten minutes to reach Honey Cottage, with Yanto trying his best to scare the pants off Mary. Lovely people who scared the pants off him. The tests scare the pants off many managers. Though, mind you, it scares the pants off poor old Crumwallis. ► something doesn’t bear repeating► bore somebody silly Word family WORD FAMILYnounbeareradjectivebearable ≠ unbearableverbbearadverbbearably ≠ unbearably 1deal with something to bravely accept or deal with a painful, difficult, or upsetting situation SYN  stand:  She was afraid she wouldn’t be able to bear the pain. Overcrowding makes prison life even harder to bear. Make the water as hot as you can bear. The humiliation was more than he could bear. Black people continue to bear the brunt of most racial violence (=have to deal with the most difficult or damaging part). Passengers could be insulting, and stewardesses just had to grin and bear it (=accept it without complaining). Experts were worried the financial system would not be able to bear the strain.RegisterIn everyday English, people usually say that they can’t stand something, rather than that they can't bear it:· I couldn’t stand the noise any longer.2can’t bear something spoken a)to be so upset about something that you feel unable to accept it or let it happen SYN  can’t stand:  Please don’t leave me. I couldn’t bear it.can’t bear the thought of (doing) something I just can’t bear the thought of having to start all over.can’t bear to do something I can’t bear to see her cry.can’t bear doing something I couldn’t bear not seeing him again. b)to dislike something or someone very much, often so that they make you feel annoyed or impatient SYN  can’t stand:  Oh, I really can’t bear him.can’t bear somebody doing something He can’t bear people smoking while he’s eating.can’t bear doing something I can’t bear being cold.3bear (something) in mind to remember a fact or piece of information that is important or could be useful in the future SYN  keep (something) in mindbear in mind (that) Bear in mind that some children will need help.4accept/be responsible for formal to be responsible for or accept somethingbear the costs/burden Each company will bear half the costs of development. Fares have gone up, perhaps to more than the market will bear.bear the responsibility/blame etc Developed countries bear much of the responsibility for environmental problems.5support to be under something and support it SYN  hold:  My leg was painful, and I wasn’t sure it would bear my weight. a tray bearing a bottle and several glasses a load-bearing wall6sign/mark formal to have or show a sign, mark, or particular appearance, especially when this shows that something has happened or is true SYN  have:  The letter bore no signature. a car bearing diplomatic license plates The labels bear a yellow and black symbol. The town still bears the scars of the bombings during the war. The store bears the hallmarks (=it has the qualities) of a family-owned business.7bear a resemblance/relation to somebody/something to be similar to someone or something else:  The child bore a striking resemblance to his father. The things she says bear little relation to what she actually does.8baby formal to give birth to a baby:  She might never be able to bear children.bear somebody a child/son/daughter She bore him three sons.9bear fruit a)if a plan, decision etc bears fruit, it is successful, especially after a long period of time:  Charles’s diplomacy eventually bore fruit. b)if a tree bears fruit, it produces fruit10able to be examined/compared etc [often in negatives] to be suitable or good enough to be examined, compared, repeated etc without failing or being wrong:  The production figures did not bear scrutiny. We believe our pupils’ results will bear comparison with any in Scotland. The story is well known, but it certainly bears repeating.11something doesn’t bear thinking about used to say that something is so upsetting or shocking that you prefer not to think about it:  The long-term consequences of a nuclear leak don’t bear thinking about.12bear interest if a bank account, investment etc bears interest, the bank pays you a particular amount of money for keeping your money in the account13carry literary to carry someone or something, especially something important:  The wedding guests arrived, bearing gifts. The US Constitution states that the people have a right to bear arms.14bring pressure/influence to bear (on somebody/something) to use your influence or power to get what you want:  Unions can bring pressure to bear on governments.15bear witness/testimony to something formal to show that something is true or exists:  The empty workshops bear witness to the industrial past.16have feelings formal to have a particular feeling, especially a bad feelingbear (somebody) a grudge (=continue to feel annoyed after a long time) It was an accident. I don’t bear any grudges.bear somebody no malice/ill will etc (=not feel angry) He was just doing his job, and I bore him no malice.17bear right/left to turn towards the right or left:  When you reach the fork in the trail, bear left.18bear yourself formal to walk, stand etc in a particular way, especially when this shows your character:  She bore herself with great dignity.19wind/water literary if wind, water, or air bears something, it carries it somewhere:  The sound of music was borne along on the wind.20name/title formal to have a particular name or title:  He bore the name ‘Magnus’.COLLOCATIONSbear + NOUNbear the pain· He knew that he couldn’t bear the pain much longer.bear the heat/cold· Some people find it hard to bear the heat in the summer.bear the strain/pressure· Mark couldn’t bear the pressure of the job any longer.phrasescan hardly bear something (=find something very difficult or upsetting to do)· He was so ashamed that he could hardly bear to look at her.be unable to bear something· Fiona was unable to bear the thought of selling the house.be hard to bear· The situation was very hard to bear.be more than somebody can bear· He sometimes felt the grief was more than he could bear.bear the brunt of something (=be in the worst position and have to deal with it)· Shareholders will bear the brunt of the company’s financial troubles.grin and bear it (=accept it without complaining)· It was a horrible job but she had to grin and bear it.bear down phrasal verb1bear down on somebody/something a)to move quickly towards a person or place in a threatening way:  a storm bearing down on the island b)to behave in a threatening or controlling way towards a person or group:  Federal regulators have been bearing down on campaign contributors.2to use all your strength and effort to push or press down on somethingbear on/upon something phrasal verb formal to relate to and possibly influence something:  the national policies which bear on these problemsbear somebody/something↔ out phrasal verb if facts or information bear out a claim, story, opinion etc, they help to prove that it is true SYN  support:  Evidence bears out the idea that students learn best in small groups.bear up phrasal verb to show courage or determination during a difficult or unpleasant time:  How is he bearing up since the accident?bear with somebody/something phrasal verb1bear with me spoken used to ask someone politely to wait while you find out information, finish what you are doing etc:  Bear with me a minute, and I’ll check if Mr Garrard’s in.2to be patient or continue to do something difficult or unpleasant:  It’s boring, but please bear with it. bear1 verbbear2 noun bearbear2 ●●○ noun [countable] Word Origin WORD ORIGINbear2 Origin: Old English bera Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES The federal estate tax form is a real bear to fill out. Visitors to the park are warned not to feed the bears. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS After three weeks out in the field Skipper looked like an overgrown teddy bear. Also pictured with funnyman Les is Barnardos' best-known bear and official mascot, Barnaby. Barnett replied drily that Davis's best option was to feed the gingerbread to his bears. Buy teddy bear wrapping paper for decorations. Giraffes and upstanding bears are more popular than snakes, rats and spiders. With few bears and wolves about these days, elk rule their forest habitat. Zeus got after her one morning in the guise of a brown bear. word sets WORD SETS► Animals aardvark, nounadder, nounAfghan, nounalley cat, nounalligator, nounalpaca, nounAlsatian, nounamphibian, nounamphibious, adjectiveangora, nounanimal, nounanteater, nounantelope, nounanthropoid, adjectiveantler, nounape, nounappaloosa, nounarachnid, nounarmadillo, nounasp, nounass, nounbaa, verbbaboon, nounbaby, nounbadger, nounbantam, nounbark, verbbark, nounbarnacle, nounbasset, nounbat, nounbay, nounbay, verbbay, adjectivebeagle, nounbear, nounbeast, nounbeast of burden, nounbeaver, nounbellow, verbbellow, nounbelly, nounbig cat, nounbig game, nounbighorn sheep, nounbilly goat, nounbiped, nounbison, nounbitch, nounbivalve, nounbleat, verbbloodhound, nounbloodstream, nounblow-hole, nounboa, nounboar, nounbobcat, nounbovine, adjectivebow-wow, nounboxer, nounbrainwave, nounbrindled, adjectivebristle, verbbronc, nounbronco, nounbrontosaurus, nounbrush, nounbuck, nounbuffalo, nounbull, nounbulldog, nounbullfrog, nounbullock, nounbull terrier, nounburro, nounburrow, nouncalf, nouncall, nouncalve, verbcamel, nouncanine, adjectivecanine, nouncarapace, nouncarcass, nouncaribou, nouncarnivore, nouncarthorse, nouncat, nouncattle, nouncaudal, adjectivecayman, nouncetacean, nounchameleon, nounchamois, nouncheetah, nounchestnut, nounchickadee, nounchicken, nounchihuahua, nounchimpanzee, nounchinchilla, nounchipmunk, nounchow, nounclaw, nouncloven hoof, nouncoat, nouncob, nouncobra, nouncocker spaniel, nouncold-blooded, adjectivecollie, nouncolouring, nouncolt, nouncomb, nounconnective tissue, nouncony, nouncoon, nouncopperhead, nouncorgi, nouncougar, nouncourtship, nouncow, nouncoyote, nouncoypu, nouncrest, nouncrocodile, nouncrop, verbcrustacean, nouncry, nouncub, nouncur, noundachshund, nounDalmatian, noundeer, nounden, noundentine, noundingo, noundinosaur, noundoe, noundog, noundolphin, noundomesticate, verbdonkey, noundormouse, noundorsal, adjectivedromedary, nounduckbilled platypus, nounearthworm, nounelephant, nounelk, nounentrails, nounermine, nounewe, nounexcreta, nounexcretion, nounfallopian tube, nounfallow deer, nounfang, nounfauna, nounfawn, nounfeed, nounfeeler, nounfeline, adjectivefeline, nounfemale, adjectivefemale, nounferal, adjectiveferret, nounfetlock, nounfieldmouse, nounfilly, nounfin, nounfleece, nounflipper, nounflying fox, nounfoal, nounfoal, verbfoetus, nounforefoot, nounforeleg, nounfox, nounfoxhound, nounfox terrier, nounFriesian, nounfrog, nounfrogspawn, nounfruit bat, nounfur, nounfurry, adjectivegarter snake, noungazelle, noungecko, noungeese, gelding, noungerbil, nounGerman shepherd, noungestation, noungiant panda, noungibbon, noungiraffe, noungnu, noungoat, noungolden retriever, noungopher, noungorilla, noungregarious, adjectivegreyhound, noungroundhog, nounground squirrel, noungrunt, verbguinea pig, nounhack, nounhackles, nounhairless, adjectivehamster, nounhare, nounhart, nounhaunch, nounhedgehog, nounheifer, nounhen, nounherbivore, nounherd, nounhermit crab, nounhibernate, verbhind, adjectivehind, nounhindquarters, nounhippo, nounhippopotamus, nounhock, nounhog, nounhoof, nounhorned, adjectivehorse, nounhound, nounhowl, verbhump, nounhusky, nounhyaena, nounhybrid, nounhyena, nounibex, nouniguana, nounimpala, nouninbred, adjectiveinbreeding, nouninsectivore, nouninterbreed, verbinvertebrate, nounjackal, nounjackrabbit, nounjaguar, nounjellyfish, nounJersey, nounkangaroo, nounkid, nounkoala, nounkookaburra, nounLabrador, nounlair, nounlamb, nounlemming, nounleopard, nounlion, nounlioness, nounlitter, nounlitter, verblizard, nounllama, nounlonghorn, nounlugworm, nounlynx, nounmale, nounmamba, nounmammal, nounmammary, adjectivemammoth, nounmandible, nounmandrill, nounmane, nounman-eater, nounmare, nounmarmoset, nounmarsupial, nounmarten, nounmastitis, nounmate, nounmate, verbmating, nounmaw, nounmenagerie, nounmew, verbmiaow, verbmice, nounmigrant, nounmilk, verbmimic, verbmimic, nounmink, nounmole, nounmollusc, nounmongoose, nounmongrel, nounmonkey, nounmoo, verbmoose, nounmoult, verbmountain goat, nounmountain lion, nounmouse, nounmule, nounmuskrat, nounmussel, nounmustang, nounmutt, nounmuzzle, nounnag, nounnanny goat, nounnative, adjectivenative, nounnest, nounnewt, nounnocturnal, adjectiveocelot, nounoctopus, nounoffspring, nounoink, interjectionokapi, nounOld English sheepdog, nounomnivore, nounomnivorous, adjectiveopossum, nounorangutang, nounotter, nounox, nounpachyderm, nounpack, nounpad, nounpair, nounpanda, nounpanther, nounparasite, nounparasitic, adjectivepaw, nounpaw, verbpeccary, nounpedigree, adjectivepeke, nounPekinese, nounpelt, nounPersian cat, nounpest, nounpheasant, nounpiebald, adjectivepied, adjectivepig, nounpiggy, nounpiglet, nounpincer, nounpine marten, nounpinto, nounpit bull terrier, nounpit pony, nounplankton, nounplate, nounplatypus, nounpointer, nounpolar bear, nounpolecat, nounpolyp, nounpony, nounpooch, nounpoodle, nounporcupine, nounporker, nounporpoise, nounPortuguese man-of-war, nounpossum, nounpouch, nounprairie dog, nounprance, verbpredation, nounpredator, nounpredatory, adjectiveprehensile, adjectiveprey, nounprickle, nounpride, nounprimate, nounproboscis, nounprocreate, verbprowl, verbpterodactyl, nounpuffin, nounpug, nounpullet, nounpuma, nounpup, nounpurebred, adjectivepurr, verbpussy, nounpython, nounquack, verbquadruped, nounquill, nounrabbit, nounrabbit warren, nounrabid, adjectiveraccoon, nounracoon, nounram, nounrat, nounrattler, nounrattlesnake, nounravening, adjectivereindeer, nounreptile, nounretract, verbretriever, nounrhesus monkey, nounrhino, nounrhinoceros, nounroan, nounrodent, nounroe deer, nounrottweiler, nounruminant, nounruminate, verbrump, nounrunt, nounrut, nounsable, nounsac, nounsalamander, nounsausage dog, nounscavenge, verbschool, nounscorpion, nounseal, nounsea lion, nounseashell, nounsea urchin, nounsemen, nounserpent, nounsetter, nounsex, verbshed, verbsheep, nounsheepdog, nounShetland pony, nounshire horse, nounshrew, nounshrimp, nounSiamese cat, nounsilkworm, nounsimian, adjectivesire, nounskin, nounskunk, nounsloth, nounslug, nounsnail, nounsnake, nounsnakebite, nounsnarl, verbsniffer dog, nounsnout, nounsocial, adjectivesow, nounspaniel, nounspawn, verbspawn, nounsperm whale, nounsponge, nounspoor, nounspore, nounspringbok, nounsquid, nounsquirrel, nounstag, nounstallion, nounstarfish, nounSt Bernard, nounsteed, nounsteer, nounsting, nounstinger, nounstoat, nounstomach, nounstray, adjectivestray, nounstud, nounsucker, nounsuckle, verbsuckling, nounswine, nountadpole, nountail, nountame, adjectivetame, verbtapeworm, nountapir, nounteat, nountentacle, nounterrapin, nounterrier, nounterritorial, adjectiveterritory, nountiger, nountigress, nountoad, nountom, nountomcat, nountooth, nountortoise, nountortoiseshell, nountrumpet, verbtrunk, nountufted, adjectiveturtle, nountusk, nountyrannosaurus, nounudder, nounuterus, nounvampire bat, nounvent, nounvermin, nounvertebrate, nounvicuña, nounviper, nounvivarium, nounvixen, nounvole, nounwag, verbwallaby, nounwallow, verbwalrus, nounwarm-blooded, adjectivewarren, nounwarthog, nounwater buffalo, nounwater rat, nounwater vole, nounweasel, nounweevil, nounwhale, nounwhelk, nounwhelp, nounwhelp, verbwhinny, verbwhippet, nounwhisker, nounwild boar, nounwildcat, nounwildebeest, nounwildfowl, nounwinkle, nounwithers, nounwolf, nounwolfhound, nounwombat, nounwool, nounyak, nounyap, verbyap, nounyearling, nounyelp, nounYorkshire terrier, nounyoung, nounzebra, nounzoologist, nounzoology, nounzygote, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► hold/bear something aloft  He emerged, holding a baby aloft. ► bear/carry/shoulder the burden (=be responsible for something)· At the age of 16, Suzy bore the burden of providing for her family. ► a compass bearing/reading (=a direction shown by a compass)· We took a compass bearing to ensure we were walking in the right direction. ► meet/bear the cost of something (=pay for something, especially with difficulty)· His family were unable to meet the cost of his operation. ► have ... crosses to bear  I feel sorry for you, but we all have our crosses to bear. ► bear/carry a grudge · Wallace said the rumors had been started by someone who bore a grudge against him. ► bear/hold etc no grudge · He insisted that he held no grudge against Taylor. ► bear the hallmark of  Their performance did not bear the hallmark of European champions. ► bore ... malice  James bore her no malice (=did not feel any malice towards her). ► bearing in mind  More money should be given to housing, bearing in mind (=because of) the problem of homelessness. ► bring pressure to bear on somebody (=put pressure on them)· These groups have brought pressure to bear on the government. ► bear no relation to reality (=not match what is really happening or true)· His vision of European politics bears no relation to reality. ► bear no/little relationship to something · The allegations bore no relationship to the facts. ► bear/have a resemblance to somebody/something · People said he bore a striking resemblance to the president. ► bear little/no resemblance to somebody/something · He bore little resemblance to the photograph in the newspaper. ► bear resentment (=feel it)· My father's favourite was my younger sister, and I'd always borne him some resentment for this. ► bear responsibility for something (=be responsible for something bad)· Developed countries must bear much of the responsibility for environmental problems. ► bear a scar formal (=have it on your body)· He still bore the scars of its teeth on his leg. ► carry/bear scars (=to suffer from feelings of fear or sadness)· These children will carry their emotional scars with them for the rest of their lives. ► not stand up to scrutiny/not bear scrutiny (=be found to have faults when examined)· Such arguments do not stand up to careful scrutiny. ► bear signs of something (=have signs)· The bed was neatly made and bore no signs of having been slept in. ► bear a/some similarity to something (=be like something)· The murder bore a striking similarity to another shooting 25 miles away. ► bear a slogan (=have a slogan printed on something)· a badge bearing a campaign slogan ► bore ... the stamp of  The speech bore (=had)the stamp of authority. ► bear the suspense  She couldn’t bear the suspense a moment longer. ► can’t bear the thought of something · I can’t bear the thought of you being hurt. ► bear/carry a watermark  The sheet bears the watermark ‘1836’. Phrases PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► bear-baiting/badger-baiting etc► bring something to bear (on/upon something) Campaigning can bring political influences to bear on the students that might affect them detrimentally. 3. Employers brought maximum pressure to bear on workers in order to restore order: recalcitrant strikers faced lock-outs. He brought undue pressure to bear on his parents by giving them an entirely misleading account of the documents. He could not bring his mind to bear on the distant world her handwriting suggested. He resisted the pain, tried to bring the weapon to bear. Mummy and I will bring our guns to bear. Short of a hostile military intervention in Kosovo, there are other ways of bringing outside power to bear. Workers have their own organisations which can bring pressure to bear on governments and make demands on the state. ► bear/take/suffer etc the brunt of something Group comportment had deteriorated by the day, with yours truly bearing the brunt of the collective delinquency. He thought that the garrison of Richmond ought now to bear the brunt of the fighting. Her hands, which she threw up to protect her face took the brunt of the injury. It will bear the brunt of the estimated $ 1 billion cost for the changes on Okinawa. Retailers are in the immediate line of fire and were first to bear the brunt of cost cutting. Southern California, where the banks had the most overlap, will bear the brunt of the cuts. The depot is bearing the brunt of a package of cost cutting measures across three sites. The front of the car, and those in it, took the brunt of the impact. ► crashing bore At worst, a crashing bore. ► grin and bear it Abu Salim decided that a third day wasn't necessary so I had to grin and bear it. After debate the team concluded that they had to grin and bear it rather than descend into paranoia. And up to now, you've had to quit or grin and bear it. But she was not on the tour, so I had to grin and bear it. It's not exactly affectionate, but we Limeys can grin and bear it. There was no alternative but to grin and bear it. We just have to grin and bear it. ► bear the mark of something A large piece of whale blubber, bearing the marks of fleshing knives, has been discovered off west Falkland. None the less, nationalization still bore the mark of long struggles by the labour movement to further working class interests. Some of you have the look of lords, yet you bear the mark of hard travelling and your steeds are scarred. The imam still bore the mark of that experience in his gaunt frame and sallow, jaundiced complexion. ► bear/keep somebody/something in mind Bobcat. Keep that in mind. But they keep Soviet might in mind, however remote the threat now seems. If he had ... no conclusions yet, just bear it in mind. It is important to bear this in mind in any study of the role of school governors in meeting special educational needs. It is important to keep your audience in mind when writing a report. They might bear that in mind. To keep it in mind, at all costs. We've got to bear it in mind. ► bore/scare etc the pants off somebody He wasn't interested in the heavy political stuff which bored the pants off most people. It took ten minutes to reach Honey Cottage, with Yanto trying his best to scare the pants off Mary. Lovely people who scared the pants off him. The tests scare the pants off many managers. Though, mind you, it scares the pants off poor old Crumwallis. ► something doesn’t bear repeating► bore somebody silly 1a large strong animal with thick fur, that eats flesh, fruit, and insects:  a mother bear and her cubs → grizzly bear, polar bear, teddy bear2American English informal something that is very difficult to do or to deal with:  The chemistry test was a bear.3be like a bear with a sore head British English informal to be rude to people because you are feeling bad-tempered4 technical someone who sells shares or goods when they expect the price to fall → bull
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