单词	agricultural
释义	agricultureag‧ri‧cul‧ture /ˈæɡrɪˌkʌltʃə $ -ər/ ●●○ W2 noun [uncountable] Word Origin WORD ORIGINagriculture Origin: 1400-1500 French, Latin agricultura, from ager ‘field’ + cultura ‘use of land for crops’ Examples EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS But this pattern has begun to change, especially in the ever-sensitive area of agriculture. Experts have recommended that fishermen are paid not to fish, mirroring recent developments in agriculture. Local wildlife and agriculture are likely to be badly affected, environmentalists claim. Prior to the invention of agriculture, game was both the primary diet and the focus of battles in the fields. The drainage of peatbogs for forestry and agriculture is making a significant net contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, the report concludes. The initiative will allow the entrepreneurs to test new approaches to agriculture or develop new agricultural products and activities. The spread of industrial agriculture in the South places thousands of native breeds at risk. Young people do not want to live in them, when as often as not work means agriculture or nothing. Thesaurus THESAURUS► farm an area of land, used for growing crops or keeping animals: · a 300-hectare farm· a dairy farm· a sheep farm ► ranch a very large farm in the western US, Canada, or South America where sheep, cattle, or horses are bred: · a cattle ranch in Wyoming ► smallholding British English a piece of land used for farming, that is smaller than an ordinary farm: · a smallholding used for organic farming ► plantation a large area of land in a hot country, where crops such as tea, cotton, and sugar are grown: · a rubber plantation· a tea plantation ► homestead a piece of land for farming that was given to people in the past by the US and Canadian governments: · He still farms on the family homestead, a hundred years after his grandfather received it. ► spread American English informal an area of land used for farming or ranching: · They have a pretty big spread just south of the Canadian border. ► market garden an area of land, often with greenhouses on it, used for growing vegetables and fruit: · He runs his own market garden, and sells his produce to the big supermarkets. ► orchard an area of land with trees, used for growing fruit: · an apple orchard· cherry orchards ► allotment British English a small area of land of land, especially in a town or city, which you can use for growing your own vegetables.The land is usually owned by the local council, who charge a very low rent: · We grew the tomatoes on our allotment. ► agriculture the practice of farming: · More than 75% of the land is used for agriculture. ► arable adjective relating to growing crops: · a lack of arable land Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► commercial · The most obvious one is commercial animal agriculture in its dominant form.· Between 300,000 and 800,000 children like Damaris are working as hired laborers in commercial U.S. agriculture today. ► intensive · Also of concern is not only the cost but the amount of fossil energy subsidy required for intensive agriculture.· About 90 percent of wildflower-rich meadows have disappeared since the Second World War due to intensive agriculture and drainage.· We now realise the importance of hedgerows, of small fields, of clean rivers and of less intensive agriculture.· The corncrake and marsh fritillary have been the victims of intensive agriculture as ploughing and pesticides destroy habitat and insects.· The increasing adoption of less intensive agriculture should further encourage a hare recovery.· Powys was an area of intensive agriculture, predominantly sheep breeding.· Farming More intensive agriculture has led to increased concentrations of nitrate in groundwater in many areas.· But on many streams which mink have colonised, particularly those close to intensive agriculture, fish are no longer abundant. ► local · This project was promoted by Lord Egremont who wished to improve the condition of local agriculture by upgrading transport facilities.· Rawcliffe's good communications systems serve the local industries in agriculture and manufacturing. ► modern · It involves the whole political economy of modern agriculture - and that includes consumers and politicians as well as producers.· Wild animals are not alone in suffering from some of the technological advances of modern agriculture.· Most are ill-adapted to the demands of modern, mechanised agriculture and, unless converted to new uses, may well disappear. ► sustainable · The basic challenge for sustainable agriculture is to maximise the use of locally-available and renewable resources.· One battleground in the debate is the issue of whether biotechnology threatens sustainable agriculture.· While companies talk about sustainable agriculture, they create plant varieties that can withstand being sprayed by their most virulent herbicides.· What is the expected response of farmers in industrialised countries to sustainable agriculture?· It is essential that sustainable agriculture be developed in the areas already deforested and settled.· Hence sustainable agriculture could replace unsustainable agriculture, reducing the impact of erosion and flooding on downstream agricultural areas.· Extensification for meat production purposes is therefore an option that is consistent with sustainable agriculture.· Quietly, slowly and significantly, sustainable agriculture is sweeping the farming systems of the world. ► traditional · If agreed by the Council of Ministers it will form the basis for support to the maintenance of traditional agriculture without intensification.· The shift from the main traditional occupation, agriculture, to unskilled labour, was considerable.· The problem is that traditional slash-and-burn agriculture is still the only option most farmers know.· Since almost all are high mountain areas, agricultural development is anyway unlikely but traditional agriculture for conservation objectives is supported. NOUN► minister · But Peter Walker, the agriculture minister, opposes the idea of a new law.· Exporters will face extra charges for transporting animals inspected by independently nominated veterinarians, said junior agriculture minister Elliot Morley.· Renate Ku nast, the new food and agriculture minister, will also have responsibility for consumer affairs.· Earlier, Green Party co-leader Renate Kuenast as appointed agriculture minister.· Mr Davies, 46, was Labour's shadow agriculture minister.· On April 28 the agriculture ministers will meet in Brussels. ► ministry · They include the departments of health, trade and industry and social security, the agriculture ministry, and local authorities.· The report, co-drafted with the agriculture ministry, also outlined the amount lent by agricultural cooperatives to the jusen. ► subsistence · The graphite boom temporarily reduced the social and economic importance of subsistence agriculture in the Low Country.· The manufacture of cloth was thus no more than a marginal addition to the subsistence agriculture of the interior.· Much of the worldwide loss was the result of impoverished farmers being compelled to clear the land for subsistence agriculture.· By contrast, there was a general shift from subsistence agriculture to the production of cash crops and the provision of services.· From this time on the position of subsistence agriculture declined in other regions, though the pace of this change was uneven.· Fishing is also of major importance, while around 70 percent of the population depend on subsistence agriculture.· The world which had been dominated by subsistence agriculture crumbled.· The siting of a settlement is very closely connected with the decision to use the land around for subsistence agriculture. VERB► based · The main industrial activity was also based on agriculture.· The productivity of an economy based on agriculture and household industry had inherent limits. ► develop · But with foreign assistance to developing world agriculture in decline, that will be harder. ► employ · One other key variable that has traditionally been used to delineate rural areas is the percentages employed in agriculture and forestry.· Industrialization is measured by the percentage of males employed in agriculture and the per capita consumption of energy.· More than 700,000 people were employed in agriculture, forestry, and fishing in 1961.· At the beginning of the 1980s, about a third of the total labour force was employed in agriculture. ► engage · They were engaged in agriculture and industry but they renounced trade. ► increase · High-level ministers have talked openly about increasing aid to agriculture and shifting economic policy from one of stabilization to one of growth. Phrases PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► intensive farming/agriculture About 90 percent of wildflower-rich meadows have disappeared since the Second World War due to intensive agriculture and drainage. Also of concern is not only the cost but the amount of fossil energy subsidy required for intensive agriculture. Our increase in intensive farming has brought with it an increase in outbreaks of food poisoning. The corncrake and marsh fritillary have been the victims of intensive agriculture as ploughing and pesticides destroy habitat and insects. The increasing adoption of less intensive agriculture should further encourage a hare recovery. They said they didn't have strong views on intensive farming. They were replaced by cities dependent on intensive farming to feed them and on great armies to defend them. We now realise the importance of hedgerows, of small fields, of clean rivers and of less intensive agriculture. ► subsistence farming/agriculture etc In the early l960s Bengali agriculture consisted mainly of subsistence farming. It report points out that, in many developing countries, women are primarily responsible for subsistence farming. It was there in 1903 that quarrymen went on strike for three and a half years, surviving on subsistence farming. Preferential interest rates also favor commercial over subsistence farming in many countries. She will most probably be involved in agriculture, in subsistence farming of crops like rice. The graphite boom temporarily reduced the social and economic importance of subsistence agriculture in the Low Country. This vast, dispersed rural workforce would need, and would receive, only the education needed for manual subsistence farming. Wine formed the most important cash crop, while cereal production generally took the form of subsistence farming. the practice or science of farming:  More than 75% of the land is used for agriculture.—agricultural /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl◂/ adjective:  agricultural land agricultural labourers—agriculturalist noun [countable] → horticulture
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