affectaf‧fect /əˈfekt/ ●●● S2 W1 AWL verb [transitive] 
the areas affected by the hurricane a disease that affects the central nervous system decisions which affect our lives Trading has been adversely affected by the downturn in consumer spending.2to make someone feel strong emotions: We were all deeply affected by her death.GRAMMAR Affect is often passive in this meaning.3formal to pretend to have a particular feeling, way of speaking etc: As usual, Simon affected complete boredom. He used to affect a foreign accent.GRAMMAR: Comparisonaffect• You say that something affects another thing: · Smoking affects your health. ✗Don’t say: Smoking affects on your health.have an effect• You say that something has an effect on another thing: · Smoking has a bad effect on your health.
WORD ORIGINaffect
Origin:
1-2 1300-1400 Latin past participle of afficere ‘to influence’, from ad- ‘to’ + facere ‘to do’3 1400-1500 French affecter, from Latin affectare, from afficereVERB TABLE
affect
| Simple Form | ||
| Present | I, you, we, they | affect |
| he, she, it | affects | |
| Past | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | affected |
| Present perfect | I, you, we, they | have affected |
| he, she, it | has affected | |
| Past perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | had affected |
| Future | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will affect |
| Future perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will have affected |
| Continuous Form | ||
| Present | I | am affecting |
| he, she, it | is affecting | |
| you, we, they | are affecting | |
| Past | I, he, she, it | was affecting |
| you, we, they | were affecting | |
| Present perfect | I, you, we, they | have been affecting |
| he, she, it | has been affecting | |
| Past perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | had been affecting |
| Future | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will be affecting |
| Future perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will have been affecting |
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
- Emergency relief will be sent to the areas most affected by the hurricane.
- It is annoying when she tries to affect a British accent.
- Scientists are investigating the ways in which climate changes affect the ozone.
- The disease affects the central nervous system.
- The new tax law doesn't affect me because I'm a student.
- We were all deeply affected by the news of Sonia's death.
- It affects him like a smell, like a chime.
- Such considerations affect the way the courts decide on what sentence to pass on the accused.
- The explanation of this is that the sun is not the only agent that affects the temperature of the colonies.
- The impact of this capacity is expected to start affecting revenue growth in the second quarter of 2000.
- The reasons for selling can vary enormously and will affect what the vendor sees as the key issues.
- The speed of the computation affects the sampling size and speed of updates.
- We know little about the way in which workers' motivations are affected by the creation of a powerful market test.
Longman Language Activatorto have an effect on someone or something
to make someone or something change in some way, for example by making them better or worse: · For some patients, the treatment has an immediate effect.have an effect on: · What you eat when you are pregnant can have an effect on your baby.· No one knows yet what effects genetically modified foods will have on the environment.have little/no effect: · The government's policies have so far had little effect in reducing the level of inflation.
if an event, invention, or new idea has an impact on something, it affects it in important ways and causes big changes: · The new management team has clearly had an impact.have an impact on: · It is unlikely that the storms will have much impact on this year's harvest.· the impact of the Internet on all our liveshave a great/enormous/major etc impact: · Einstein's work on relativity had an enormous impact on the way physics developed.have little/no impact: · At first, the revolution had little impact on the lives of ordinary people.
to produce a change, for example in the way that something develops or in someone's situation: · The new tax law doesn't affect me because I'm a student.· Scientists are investigating the ways in which climate changes affect the ozone layer.
if something takes effect , especially a medicine or drug, or a new plan or system, it starts to have an effect: · It will be a while before the government's new economic policy takes effect.· The dentist gave me an injection that took effect almost immediately, and I didn't feel a thing.
to have a noticeable effect on a situation: · If everybody helps a little, it really makes a difference.· You can call and complain, but I don't think it will make any difference.make a big difference: · Just getting a new hairstyle and new outfit made a big difference to my confidence.
to affect something such as sales or profits - used especially in business and journalism: · How is the growth of e-commerce likely to impact the retail sector?impact on: · Child care is an issue that impacts on a broad cross-section of working women.
to have a bad effect · The drug can have a serious effect on the body's immune system.have a devastating/disastrous effect (=have an extremely bad effect) · The war is having a devastating effect on people's lives.
to have a bad effect on someone or something: · Late nights and lack of sleep can seriously affect your performance at work.· Rescue officials have gone to three villages badly affected by the earthquakes.
to have a bad effect on someone or something: · Changing schools too often can be bad for a child's social development.it's bad for somebody to do something: · I think it's bad for her to spend so much time worrying about him.
to have a serious and harmful effect on something or someone, especially after continuing for a long time: · Years of civil war and drought have taken their toll, and the population of the region is greatly reduced.take a toll/take its toll on: · Bad working conditions eventually take a toll on staff morale.
to have an important and permanent effect on something: · She was only here for a few months, but she certainly left her mark.leave a mark/leave its mark on: · The long dispute has left its mark on the mining industry.
to have a noticeable and often harmful effect on a person or on a situation: tell on: · The strain of living with her violent husband was telling on Judy.start/begin to tell: · The power of the mayor's cronies began to tell as the election drew closer.
to affect something in a way that harms it or makes it worse than it was before: · We need to be assured that the new development will not have a negative impact on the local environment.· Last year's attacks have continued to have a negative impact on the tourist industry this year.
to have an effect on the way people think or behave to affect the way someone behaves or thinks: · Don't let him influence you - make up your own mind.· How much does TV advertising really influence what people buy?· The jury's verdict was clearly influenced by their sympathy for the defendant.influence somebody to do something: · The prisoner claims he was influenced by his older friends to carry out the crime.
to have a continuing effect on the way that people think or behave: · His ideas are too complicated to have much real influence.have an influence on: · Clearly, the cost of fuel has an influence on what sort of car someone buys.have a great/important/profound etc influence: · Descartes' ideas have had a profound influence on modern science.
to influence someone when they have not yet definitely decided about something, so that they change their mind: · The court is unlikely to be swayed by those arguments.· Ed's parents never tried to sway him, but they are happy with the decision he's made.be easily swayed: · Insecure people are often easily swayed by flattery.
to be one of the things that has an effect on what someone decides or on what happens: play a part in: · Of course, the pay played some part in my decision to take the job.play a big/major part: · He was to go on to play a major part in the success of the new government.
if something comes into or enters into a decision, it is one of the things that influences you when you decide or choose something - use this especially in negative sentences: · Try not to let your personal feelings enter into the decision.· An applicant's age or sex doesn't come into it - we simply choose the best candidate for the job.
British /color American to influence someone's opinions or decisions, usually in a way that makes them less fair: · Foster's early experiences in Hollywood colored his views of the entire film industry.· How can he make fair and impartial decisions when political loyalties colour his judgement?
the effect that something has a change that is caused by something that happens or by something that someone does: effect of: · the harmful effects of smoking· Gail was still recovering from the effects of her operation.effect on: · The study measured the effect of fertilizers on the size of crops.without much effect: · I tried using bleach to remove the stain, but without much effect.feel the effects of something: · I was starting to feel the effects of two nights without much sleep.
a bad effect that something can have in addition to its good effects - use this especially about harmful effects that a drug can have: · At higher doses, the most common side effects are nausea and vomiting.side effect of: · One possible side effect of the drug is loss of memory.
a big and permanent change that happens as a result of something important: impact of: · the lasting impact of improved education on the country's economic successimpact on: · The Internet's impact on the way we do business has been remarkable.· The company is trying to lessen the impact of the oil spill on marine life.
the continuing effects that something has on the way that people think or behave, or on the way that things develop: influence of: · The authorities were worried about the influence of Western films and TV programmes.influence of something on something: · The book is about the influence of feminist ideas on American society.
especially spoken use this to talk about a bad effect that something has on someone or something: · Do you ever think about what those cigarettes must be doing to your lungs?· Look what the storm has done to the flowers.
the possible effects that something is likely to have in the future: the implications for: · What do you think the implications of the new law will be for small businesses? have implications: · The new treatment will have implications for anyone suffering from an allergy.wider implications (=more important implications, especially ones that people have not yet considered): · The case is likely to have wider implications, for example those affecting press freedom.the implications of: · The implications of the committee's decision are many.
something or someone that has an effect on people's ideas or behaviour something that has an effect, especially on the way people think or behave: · The two main influences in a child's development are the family and the school.good/bad influence: · I think the boys that Todd is hanging around with are a bad influence.
having an important effect on people's ideas: · Marx was clearly the most influential of all the socialist writers.highly influential: · It is a highly influential art magazine that is widely read by dealers.influential in doing something: · Although she was not a professional politician, her views were influential in shaping government policy.
having a big effect: far-reaching effects/implications/changes/consequences etc effects, changes etc that are likely to have a big and continuing effect on something: · The court's decision will have far-reaching implications for the health care industry.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY decisions which affect our lives Trading has been adversely affected by the downturn in consumer spending. We were all deeply affected by her death.COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES developments which had adversely affected their business The new property tax law won’t directly affect us. He was profoundly affected by his time in the army.
decisions which affect our lives Trading has been adversely affected by the downturn in consumer spending. We were all deeply affected by her death. developments which had adversely affected their business· Albania was badly affected by industrial unrest.
The new property tax law won’t directly affect us.· Many genetic disorders affect only girls or only boys.
(=make your hearing worse)· Listening to loud music will eventually impair your hearing.
· The side effects only affect a minority of people who take the drug.
(=have an effect on morale, usually to make it worse)· The uncertainty has badly affected morale.
· Did coverage in the media affect the outcome of the trial?
He was profoundly affected by his time in the army.· Lack of sleep started to affect the quality of his work.
· A number of bird sanctuaries were seriously affected by the oil spill.
· The town is already severely affected by aircraft noise.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADVERB· There is no evidence that they will be adversely affected by its completion.· Purists argue against roasting in a conventional oven because the closed space traps moisture, adversely affecting the roasting process.· Both the controls and manufacturing services businesses were adversely affected by recession in their markets.· Therefore, employment of budget analysts generally is not as adversely affected by changes in the economy.· Of course, the court may still grant a disgorgement order merely where it is satisfied that an investor has been adversely affected.· The group that has been most adversely affected under the new scheme is the unemployed under the age of twenty-five.· One argument is that excessive government expenditure adversely affects individual freedom and choice.· Did that difficult beginning adversely affect the subsequent shooting?
· Connah's Quay was also affected with the Englefield Avenue suffering badly.· Lawrence Livermore Lab was also affected, but apparently not as severely as others, a spokesman there said.· In addition, the timing of elections can also affect the structure of power within presidential democracies.· In Paris, bus and subway services were also affected.· It also affected the borrowing requirements of corporations, countries and international agencies.· In some cases, experts note, the SSRIs can also affect liver enzymes that inhibit the metabolism of other drugs.· Severity of symptoms may be important but psychosocial factors must also affect the decision.· The change also affects medical offices that perform abortions in addition to unrelated services.
· Local wildlife and agriculture are likely to be badly affected, environmentalists claim.· They may be so badly affected that their productivity drops.· Women had been the principal agents of this effort, which had badly affected the profits of the alcohol industry.· Even among those not so badly affected, ignorance about radiation produces powerful if sometimes irrational fear.· The Pang, Ver and Misbourne rivers, already suffering from over-abstraction, are badly affected.· At a regional level, this meant that the North West and West Midlands were particularly badly affected.· The male staff member who went to the resident's aid was most badly affected.· Conifers had suffered the most damage, while oak and silver birch were also badly affected.
· No way at all that a few hundred words are going to do justice to this deeply affecting novel.· They are more deeply affected than most citizens because they know more about what goes on inside government than most citizens.· The rest of us have precious little influence over the global economy, though our lives are deeply affected by it.· Each aspect of their life deeply affects the other.· Clearly, developments of this sort deeply affect credit use.· Global warming will deeply affect poor countries, leading to huge numbers of refugees, crop failures, and extreme weather.· The death of the child deeply affected both of them.· Brian Simpson was also deeply affected by the incident - he committed suicide the following year.
· The degree of control required, or the ease of use, will directly affect the suitability of the product.· A growing body of evidence shows that alcohol molecules directly affect the ability of ion channels to open or close.· First, we should distinguish general externalities from things that directly affect market structure and the degree of competition.· Technology has, it seems, transformed entirely academic discussions concerning idealized computing devices into matters which directly affect all our lives!· A ticket price directly affects a concert-goer.· Senior State Department officials say reduced funding also directly affects policy.· Mass movement of the population creates instability and demoralization, even for those not directly affected.· Caffeine also directly affects many parts of the body by attaching to adenosine receptors found outside the brain.
· Finally, certain vulnerable groups were most affected by these changes, notably black families living in inner city deprived areas.· Most affected individuals are asymptomatic, but aPProximately one-third will have xanthine stones.· Of all counties the one most affected by the transformation of the open arable fields was Northamptonshire.· Hip-hop culture has been most affected by a drug crackdown on the airwaves.· That it is therefore one of the most affecting we have.· South Bay businesses will be affected most by the new duty exemption, experts say.· Which of our firms or sectors are likely to be most affected by 1992?· Typing and printing were most affected.
· People with allergies and other respiratory and heart ailments may be more seriously affected.· In this example, wives are the population most seriously affected by whatever research may be done.· However it is well known that a financial crisis in 1866 seriously affected several minor railways throughout the country.· School closures have seriously affected educational provision.· The leisure business continues to be once again seriously affected by the recession.· Among other vegetation, coniferous and beech trees appeared most seriously affected by increased radiation.· Livestock Livestock farming has been seriously affected by the need to produce so much so quickly.
· This extra boost does not even significantly affect the braking at the other end.· He asked them to identify areas in which operating costs could be brought down without significantly affecting store revenues.· Mean attitudes are also significantly affected in respect of some of these considerations.· Different treatment methods - surgery, chemotherapy, or a combination of both - did not significantly affect survival.· However, the choice significantly affects the final geographical distribution and their use in resource allocation has been questioned.· A correlation curve indicates the distance over which the motion at one point significantly affects that at another.· It limits some occupations but we have no thought that it significantly affects personality, trustworthiness or sanity.· Always increase the interception angle if the wind significantly affects it.
NOUN· Are past ground shakes affecting your ability to build faith for tomorrow?· A growing body of evidence shows that alcohol molecules directly affect the ability of ion channels to open or close.· The reduction in distributable reserves may, of course, affect the company's ability to pay future dividends.· Mineral, vitamin and blood-sugar levels have been repeatedly shown to affect ability to relax.· It affects the ability to remember, hear, think and reason.· Losses by candidates he has supported could affect his ability to extend his stay in power as Yugoslav president.· Conversely, the availability of different types of housing also affects the ability of persons and families forming separate households.· The county government had seen its operation lose customers and revenue, and this affected its ability to borrow money.
· Communication skills affect every area of life, from expressing feelings in intimate relationships to dealing with over-zealous shop assistants.· Such a deposition of urate crystals causes inflammation of the affected area and precipitates an arthritic attack. 206.· National and international events are covered when they affect the local area.· A cognitive advance in one area affects other areas.· Then suddenly this fall, the Federal Highway Administration called representatives of all affected areas to Washington for a meeting.· We are working to restore delivery in the affected areas as quickly as possible.· But the same kind of eclipse did not affect that other great area devoted to reconstructing the history of life: paleontology.· Rejecting immobilization techniques relying on braces, Sister Kenny urged activities that would force victims to use and exercise their affected areas.
· We can make a few more concluding points: The environment affects budgetary behaviour.· Third, that the memory traces of the experience may continue to affect the religious behaviour of some participant subjects.· As with all the economic forces affecting firms' behaviour, the impact of change is uneven and defies generalisation.· Platelets are studied in an artificial environment and the very process of preparing the platelet sample for study may affect their behaviour.· The third property of a polymer which affects its mechanical behaviour is the between-chain potential energy.· Thus the firm's constraint structure can affect its behaviour on pricing and its costs.· By now there were more serious difficulties affecting Charlie's behaviour that became considerably more alarming.· Perceptions and attitudes affect subsequent behaviour.
· Foreign policy may also affect the expatriate's business or social activities.· The survey showed that consumer concern about the economy was the single biggest factor affecting the building business in 1993.· This turnabout is affecting the whole ski business in Britain, not least the magazines.· Support small businesses affected by the Local Business Rate.· Only a brief outline of the main points which currently affect business executives can be given here.· In practice you look at all the alternatives and examine each in turn to see how it might affect your business.· Finance did not much affect the organisation of businesses, though it might influence their policy.· That would affect all businesses, not just exporters.
· Most legal experts believe that few, if any, further important changes affecting company pension schemes are likely to ensue.· This outbreak illustrates how factors such as weather and demographic changes can affect the emergence of public health problems from infectious diseases.· I think that I am right in saying that regulation 3 provides that the changes will not affect pending applications for review.· The potential application of this technology to monitoring environmental changes that could affect the emergence of infectious diseases will be assessed.· But the change will affect companies, too.· The change affected clinics that primarily perform abortions as well as family doctors who may do the procedure along with unrelated services.· We are writing to all existing claimants to let them know how the change will affect them.· The change also affects medical offices that perform abortions in addition to unrelated services.
· Growth failure is a major problem affecting up to 50% of children with Crohn's disease.· A final factor that affects the number of children desired by developing world couples is infant mortality.· Beginning to think about how their reactions affect the child can be an important step.· Although parents undoubtedly affect their children in positive, life-sustaining ways, they can also be the most vocal and constant editors.· It is not only deaf parents who could have affected children.· It can affect children as well as adults, but seems to worsen with age.· It affects children of both sexes and is passed to them by both parents.· The vagaries of her life and moods can intrude on the household or affect the child.
· Each has its own momentum that critically affects how much developing country governments can influence the outcomes.· Her work centers on the social issues affecting women in her country.· The network began a review last year of a first group of seriously affected countries.· Global warming will deeply affect poor countries, leading to huge numbers of refugees, crop failures, and extreme weather.
· At another level, there is the question of who should determine major decisions which affect local communities.· The court decision did not affect term limits for state offices.· Look, who should be the leaders, the individuals who make the decisions that affect the lives of ordinary people?· Everyone is involved in major decisions affecting the plant.· Police say they have to make decisions affecting hundreds of lives in minutes.· The appellate court decision affects Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi.· But where a decision affects everyone in general and no one in particular it is much harder to define sufficient interest.· But this decision affected more than the cladding: it also forced certain changes in the structural-steel layout.
· Despite strong regional cultural traditions, Tyne side was affected by these developments.· Any handicaps or special characteristics which obviously affect health and development can not be ignored.· How have families headed by women been affected by recent economic developments?· If we look at other photographic genres, we can also observe the way in which commodity culture has affected their development.· Longer runway preferred How would an air cargo hub affect those developments?· Transgenic mice provide a particularly powerful way of studying how genes affect development and how they are turned on and off.· Development plans show future road improvements which may affect development, for example where new access on to an existing road is not permissible.
· So let us look at what factors appear to affect the performance of individuals in their jobs.· Nutritional factors that affect your cholesterol: Saturated fat is the single most important factor affecting blood cholesterol levels.· Another factor affecting the way schools work is the way they have always worked.· Another factor which affected the likelihood of a case being reported was intimidation by the cattle stealers.· As factors affecting this requirement are sometimes not known until departure date, we can not always notify you in advance.· Other factors affecting growth explain why not all plants welcome unlimited light.· He found that support mechanisms and institutional settings are not key factors affecting research advance.· In this case, however, mutations affecting the expression of any one factor invariably affect two adjacent parts of the flower.
· A person's retirement will affect the family functioning and network but this is not unidirectional.· Most of the cases affected rural families where children slept near stored grain that investigators believed was contaminated with the fungus.· This isolation, of course, affects their family just as much.· It goes back and forth to when her great grandfather was killed in World War I and how that affected her family.· In some cases this can be painful, distressing and can affect your family and work.· Family life today is likely to be affected by the extended family.· How will it affect your family?
· The austerity measures affected primarily spending on health, social welfare, defence and overseas development assistance.· For programs affecting the health and safety of the entire population a single average value serves well.· I only started to make the links when the dampness started to affect my mental health.· Inside the bottle you will find a handful of sparkling semi-precious gemstones which spiritual healers believe affect our health and well-being.· The case touches upon decades of tradition in Dubuque, and dramatic changes affecting health care nationwide.· This damp and the gas fire has affected her health, as she has bronchial asthma.· It might be safely affirmed that almost all occupations more or less affect the health.
· We hope to ensure that every candidate will have given some consideration to the issues which affect older people.· To this centre people would come from different parts to learn from each other about issues which affect them all in everyday life.· But with his conservative views on welfare and other issues affecting women, he was hardly our ideal candidate.· It identifies key issues directly affecting the company and gives advice on strategy or operations.· However, in the tiny political pond of Shetland, important issues can be affected by seemingly trivial considerations.· The staff of the centre will known Northern Ireland business and the issues likely to affect it.· There are many issues which affect us.
· By the 1990s the change to the meritocrats had begun to affect the highest levels of the party.· Nor does it mean the quality of research will be affected by level of popularity among scientists and laymen.· Factors such as stress and a poor diet can affect these hormone levels, worsening the symptoms.· Nutritional factors that affect your cholesterol: Saturated fat is the single most important factor affecting blood cholesterol levels.· Government policy may however affect the level of capital, and output, per man.· Furthermore, intercurrent disease may affect nutrient levels.· Do not use coral sand as a filter bed substrate as this will gradually dissolve and affect the calcium level.· Although fat ingestion only slightly affects cholesterol levels, both the triglyceride and lipoprotein electrophoresis results are greatly affected.
· What happens in another country can within seconds affect life in our own country.· The group fears that the change in regulations would lead to more ocean dumping which could adversely affect sea life and beaches.· Communication skills affect every area of life, from expressing feelings in intimate relationships to dealing with over-zealous shop assistants.· Interactive telecommunications increasingly give ordinary citizens immediate access to the major political decisions that affect their lives and property.· On a wider front secularism has affected our lives in a variety of ways.· Between that moment and his last column Tuesday, McCarthy has affected many a life, as I heard frequently last week.· The environment calls the tune and the strategic behaviour of individuals is a response to the circumstances affecting their lives.· They see it as a gut issue that affects their lives.
· The management of resource allocation involves giving attention to all these matters and how they affect roles at different hierarchical levels.· Technology has, it seems, transformed entirely academic discussions concerning idealized computing devices into matters which directly affect all our lives!· The decision of he judges is final, as is that of the Editor in all other matters affecting the competition.· Free individual choice in matters affecting this right should, in my opinion, be accorded very high priority.· This is not just an academic matter - it affects practice, for example in the arts.· Indeed Parliament has legislated on matters affecting every aspect of our lives.· The right to be consulted about matters affecting their home or their tenancy.· The Minister knows my views on such matters when they might affect service personnel and families.
· ScotRail and InterCity say the services they are withdrawing or altering will affect a small number of commuters.· A final factor that affects the number of children desired by developing world couples is infant mortality.· It affected a large number of libraries, and it included college libraries as well as public libraries.· In this sense, government growth means passing more laws which affect an increasingly large number of aspects of our lives.· She has been highly successful and portrays a very positive image, which affects the number of female pupils we attract.· Is the stability over time of a portfolio beta affected by the number of constituent securities and if so why? 2.· These environmental problems associated with traffic in housing areas affect very large numbers of people.· Cytomegalovirus is a less well-known infection which affects considerably greater numbers of babies than rubella.
· What you must recognize is that the answers given to the questions will affect the outcome of the research.· But did it affect the outcome of the election?· This will be appreciated by the candidate and prevent any unnecessary bad feeling that would affect the outcome.· The delay will not affect the outcome of the vote, as the ballot-counting process continues to be monitored by international observers.· Your prayers could make the difference, affecting the final outcome.· This would drastically alter the emphasis of most campaign fund-raising operations and increase the ability of individuals to affect the outcomes.· That is one of the quirks of the system and it does not affect the outcome of the appeals.· Almost anything that happens between now and November 7 could affect the outcome.
· Ageism is not just about prejudices towards older people; it can affect younger people, too.· Looking back on it, I wondered how our visit had affected these people.· Fuel costs increased dramatically during the mid-1970s and have remained high ever since, and this adversely affects many old people.· Sometimes there is, especially when one has to act on one's beliefs in ways that affect other people.· The case also highlights the widespread practice of arbitrary detention that affects about 2 million people each year.· Certain ways of putting things are more likely than others to affect people adversely.· These characteristics and/or processes start with people and they affect other people - each other certainly, but also pupils.
· Fixed-interest securities would be immune at least to some of the difficulties that might affect companies' trading performance.· The action occurs in real time, and damage shows on a vehicle and affects its performance.· And occupational psychologists have shown that the definition of your job by others can affect your performance.· At first the others joked about it, but their air of exclusivity began to affect team performance.· Dictionaries differ widely in their style and content, and this has been shown to affect recognition performance.· A poorly fitted saddle will affect the performance of rider and horse, he explains.· The pressure is usually transmitted to the available servicing personnel affecting their performance.· However, too much or little anxiety will always affect any performance in a detrimental way.
· Conversely, the availability of different types of housing also affects the ability of persons and families forming separate households.· A further consideration, however, is that the safety of each person affects other persons as well.· This complaint is said to affect one person in three over the age of 60 in the West.· There are several hundred drugs which could affect a person with a predisposition to seizures.· They believe their luck will be affected by the first person to visit them that day.· My views affect me as a person.
· Conservation policies must affect these relations.· As legislator, the student helps make Policy that affects the content of the subjects he is going to study.· Domestic policies have repercussions abroad: external policy can markedly affect a state's internal circumstance.· It handles similar subjects to his - monetary policy, delicate decisions affecting the money markets.· In the sections below we divide them into policies affecting imports, exports and countertrade.· How does fiscal policy affect the inequality of incomes?· Overall responsibility for policy matters that affect the committees therefore lies with the Department of Trade and Industry.· First, social trends and policy changes are affecting low-income families in ways that leave studies rapidly out of date.
· At the same time there are a series of practical problems affecting all consultation with users.· Robert Jenkins continues to play left tackle, as Harlow recovers from a nerve problem that affects his hip and back.· Find out about the problems which can affect them.· An examination revealed a disk problem that affects a nerve running to his leg.· Segmentation is another problem that affects both media.· But it appears that pricing is not the only problem affecting investors in the Dumenil group.· Treasury sources said that the Chancellor, Gordon Brown, believes child poverty is one of the most serious problems affecting Britain.· Legal problems especially affect the Koenigs collection.
· If our mind refuses to let our body respond, the feeling stays locked in and can affect all our physical processes.· Purists argue against roasting in a conventional oven because the closed space traps moisture, adversely affecting the roasting process.· Hard water will, of course, affect soaping processes and consume soap by the formation of insoluble calcium and magnesium soaps.· The intent of the project is to identify those parameters which most affect the production process.· It is the purpose of this research to investigate how changing the feedback provided by the computer affects the complex learning process.· We know they exist, but how do they affect the reasoning process?· These will be considered in relation to factors affecting the learning process.· But there has been little systematic investigation of how different approaches affect the process of analysis and theoretical development.
· Daytime drowsiness and associated sleep disorders can affect the quality of your life and can cause accidents, especially among drivers.· Is all this affecting the quality of life of society in general?· The process can also affect the flavour and quality of the product.· These difficulties will affect the quality of her attention.· Being over-weight, and eating and exercising inappropriately, will make many diseases worse and will affect the quality of life.· In the case of the supermarket chain, size, not necessarily sole ownership, affects the quality of the food.· It affects the quality of your everyday existence.· Similarly, people with physical handicap affecting the quality of life would have less claim on resources.
· This in turn will affect interest rates generally throughout the economy.· To deal with this possibility, you need to identify the factors that might affect voting rates among men and women.· It directly affects our exchange rate and interest rates and, indirectly, jobs, trade, investment and economic growth.· First of all, as many people know, food can affect the rate at which alcohol enters the bloodstream.· Firstly, improved police efficiency will affect the rate of recorded crime.· Neither does varying the task necessarily affect the group success rate in the same way that it affects individual performance.· Unborn children are affected and the death rate is steadily rising.
· And the tension seemed to have affected her in other ways, too.· Nicotine can affect sleep in two ways.· They can be real and strong, affecting the way we lead our lives.· He affects in a childish way to be above passion, and he is very ostentatious in what he says and does.· How did the dominant social, economic and cultural forces affect the way they lived their lives?· Change has also affected the way we organise and set up exhibitions.· But as the study just cited indicates, environmental influences can powerfully affect the way genetic predispositions are expressed in human behavior.
VERB· And the tension seemed to have affected her in other ways, too.· Only the forward third of the hull seemed to be affected.· However, it was not so much the fact that his life had ended which seemed to affect Maxine.· Stewart's departure, after an incident that left Paul Roberts holding his face, did not seem to affect Spurs unduly.· Joseph seemed to be curiously affected by the game.· The problem seems to affect people sensitive to primulas.· Ordinary heat didn't come from inside the way microwave seemed to, affecting you all at once.· In the past, longer terms do not seem to have affected applications for places.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
1to do something that produces an effect or change in something or in someone’s situation: - Civil society is constituted by the social relationships and processes outside paid employment and not immediately affected by the state.
- Henry's memory, of course, seemed only defective in matters that immediately concerned him.
- No one is more anxious that the penalties should be apt for the crime than those most immediately affected by prison disorder.
- The availability of land played a crucial part in relations between the landowning class and those immediately concerned with its cultivation.
- The hearing is technically in public, though it is very rare for anyone other than those immediately involved to be present.
- The problem is to convince those who are not so immediately affected.
- Those most immediately affected given support.
- We are not immediately concerned whether they are based on off-line, optical discs or on online technology by way of broadband networks.
the areas affected by the hurricane a disease that affects the central nervous system decisions which affect our lives Trading has been adversely affected by the downturn in consumer spending.2to make someone feel strong emotions: We were all deeply affected by her death.GRAMMAR Affect is often passive in this meaning.3formal to pretend to have a particular feeling, way of speaking etc: As usual, Simon affected complete boredom. He used to affect a foreign accent.GRAMMAR: Comparisonaffect• You say that something affects another thing: · Smoking affects your health. ✗Don’t say: Smoking affects on your health.have an effect• You say that something has an effect on another thing: · Smoking has a bad effect on your health.