carlcarlen.¹

Brit.

/kɑːl/, U.S.

/kɑrl/

Forms: Also Middle English–1600s karl(e, kerl(e, Middle English karll, 1500s carril, cairle, carll.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse karl.

Etymology: < Old Norse karl (Swedish Danish karl ) man, male, freeman, man of the people; found in Old English, from the time of the Danish kings, in hús-carl , later also in butse-carl , and carlman , but not as a separate word. Old Norse karl = Old High German charal , karl , Middle High German karl < Old Germanic type *karlo-z . Old High German had also charlo , Middle High German charle , karle < Old Germanic type *karlon- . Besides these the Low German dialects have an ablaut form representing an Old Germanic type *kerlo-z , viz. Old English ceorl ( < cerl ), Middle Dutch kērel , kerle , Dutch kerel , Middle Low German kerle (whence modern German kerl ), Frisian tzerl : see churl n. The form karl appears as the proper name Karl , Old English Carl , Latin Carolus , French and English Charles : compare Charles's Wain n.

a. A man of the common people; more particularly a countryman, a husbandman. archaic.See housecarl n., buscarl n., carman n.¹

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant

tillman940

churla1000

ploughman1223

bondmanc1250

bondc1275

ploughswain1296

countrymanc1300

boundec1320

Hobc1325

charla1400

landmana1400

Jack (John) Upland1402

carlc1405

bowerc1430

peasanta1450

rurala1475

agrest1480

bergier1480

carlleina1500

rustical?1532

ploughboy1544

boor1548

rusticc1550

kern1556

tillsman1561

clown1563

Jocka1568

Jock upalanda1568

John Uponlanda1568

russet coat1568

rustican1570

hind?1577

swain1579

Corydon1581

mountain man1587

Phillis1589

sylvan1589

russeting1597

Joan1598

stubble boy1598

paysan1609

carlota1616

swainling1615

raiyat1625

contadino1630

under-swaina1644

high shoe1647

boorinn1649

Bonhomme1660

high-shoon-man1664

countrywoman1679

villan1685

russet gown1694

ruralist1739

paysanne1748

bauer1799

bonderman1804

bodach1830

contadina1835

agrestian1837

peasantess1841

country jake1845

rufus1846

bonder1848

hayseed1851

bucolic1862

agricole1882

country jay1888

child (son, etc.) of the soil1891

hillbilly1900

palouser1903

kisan1935

woop woop1936

swede-basher1943

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [noun]

churlc1275

Hobc1325

Hodgec1386

charla1400

carlc1405

peasanta1450

hoggler1465

agrest1480

hoggener1488

rustical?1532

boor1548

rusticc1550

kern1556

clown1563

Jocka1568

John Uponlanda1568

russet coat1568

rustican1570

hind?1577

Corydon1581

gaffer1589

gran1591

russeting1597

dunghill1608

hog rubber1611

carlota1616

high shoe1647

Bonhomme1660

high-shoon-man1664

cot1695

ruralist1739

Johnnya1774

Harry1796

bodach1830

bucolic1862

cafone1872

bogman1891

country bookie1904

desi1907

middle peasant1929

woodchuck1931

swede-basher1943

moegoe1953

shit-kicker1961

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 547 The Millere was a stout carl for the nones.

c1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xi. 90 Thai sparyt nowther carl na page.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 62 Carle or chorle, rusticus.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 158 He wes a stout carle and a sture.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 226 Stalwart karlis..and wycht.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xi. 167 They saugh come a grete karl thourgh the medowes.

1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. clxviii^v Fye rurall carles awake I say and ryse.

c1550 J. Balfour Practicks 510 (Jam.) Cairles, and men of mean conditioun.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Churle or carle of the countrey, rusticus.

1757 J. Dyer Fleece ii. 68 They clothe the mountain carl, or mariner.

1820 W. Scott Monastery II. iii^*. 126 It seems as if you had fallen asleep a carle, and awakened a gentleman.

1821 J. Baillie Malcolm's Heir xii. 2 By lord and by carle forgot.

1876 W. Morris Story of Sigurd ii. 87 And kings of the carles are these.

†b. esp. A bondman, a villein; cf. churl n. Obsolete (after 1500 blending with 1a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > villein or cottar

cotsetlac1000

grassman1282

carla1300

villeina1325

tike1377

villeiness1611

serf1761

cotset1809

cottar1809

society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > serfdom > [noun] > serf

town manOE

townsmanOE

churl?c1225

carla1300

villeina1325

peasant1550

serf1611

helot1823

robotnik1945

a1300 Cursor Mundi 29444 Þe toþer..es woman, carl o feild, and child þat es wit-in eild.

a1400 Cato's Distichs (Fairf.) l. 313 in R. Morris Cursor Mundi (1878) III. App. iv. 1673 If þou haue carlis boȝt to serue þe in þi þoȝt.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 62 Carle or chorle, bondeman or woman, servus nativus, serva nativa.

c1440 York Myst. xi. 191 We are harde halden here als carls vndir þe kyng.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 148/2 He tormented a uylayn or a carle for the couetyse of hys good.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 203/1 Carle, chorle, uilain.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xvii. 113 The discriptione of ane vilaine (quhilk ve cal ane carl in our scottis langage).

1844 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. i. 11 The oath of a..King's thane, being of equal avail with that of six carles or peasants.]

a. Hence, A fellow of low birth or rude manners; a base fellow; a churl. In later times, passing into a vague term of disparagement or contempt, and chiefly with appropriate epithets. Scottish./kerl/ or archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific ranks of common people > [noun] > villein

laeta1000

cotsetlac1000

bondmanc1250

bondc1275

grassman1282

husbanda1300

youngerman?c1300

boundec1320

villeina1325

tike1377

carla1400

cotset1809

cottar1809

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > low or vulgar person > [noun]

gadlinga1300

geggea1300

churlc1300

filec1300

jot1362

scoutc1380

beggara1400

carla1400

turnbroach14..

villainc1400

gnoffc1405

fellowc1425

cavelc1430

haskardc1487

hastardc1489

foumart1508

strummel?a1513

knapper1513

hogshead?1518

jockeya1529

dreng1535

sneakbill1546

Jack1548

rag1566

scald1575

huddle and twang1578

sneaksby1580

companion1581

lowling1581

besognier1584

patchcock1596

grill1597

sneaksbill1602

scum1607

turnspit1607

cocoloch1610

compeer1612

dust-worm1621

besonioa1625

world-worma1625

besognea1652

gippo1651

Jacky1653

mechanic1699

fustya1732

grub-worm1752

raff1778

person1782

rough scuff1816

spalpeen1817

bum1825

sculpin1834

soap-lock1840

tinka1843

'Arry1874

scruff1896

scruffo1959

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13808 ‘Þou carl, qui brekes þou vr lau.’

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 876 An out-comlyng, a carle, we kytte of þyn heued.

c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 559 The karl of Kaymes kyn.

1476 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 494 They weer frowarde karlys.

1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) 173 Men sayen that ‘of a kerle may nought come but poyson and fylth’.

a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Fi^v A knaue and a carle and all of one kynde.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xvii. 115 Thai that var vicius & couuardis var reput for vilianis ande carlis.

1597 1st Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus v. i. 1479 Farewell, base carle clothed in a sattin sute.

1728 J. Thomson Hymn to May (R.) I deem that carl, by beauty's pow'r unmov'd Hated of heav'n.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian v, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 109 Ye donnard carle.

1829 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. iv. 123 Wrinkled carles and odious hags.

1882 J. Fothergill Kith & Kin xiii A rough-hewn, cross-grained carle like him.

b. spec. One who is churlish or mean in money matters; a grabber; a niggard. Now only Scottish.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] > niggard or mean person

nithinga1225

chinch?a1300

nigc1300

chincher1333

shut-purse1340

niggardc1384

haynec1386

nigona1400

pinchera1425

pinchpenny?c1425

pynepenya1450

pelt1511

chincherda1529

churl1535

pinchbeck1538

carl?1542

penny-father1549

nipfarthing1566

nipper?1573

holdfast1576

pinchpence1577

pinch fistc1580

pinchfart1592

shit-sticks1598

clunchfist1606

puckfist1606

sharp-nose1611

spare-good1611

crib1622

hog grubber?1626

dry-fist1633

clusterfist1652

niggardling1654

frummer1659

scrat1699

sting-hum1699

nipcheese1785

pincha1825

screw1825

wire-drawer1828

close-fist1861

penny-pincher1875

nip-skin1876

parer1887

pinch-plum1892

cheapskate1899

meanie1902

tightwad1906

stinge1914

penny-peeler1925

mean1938

stiff1967

?1542 H. Brinkelow Complaynt Roderyck Mors ii. sig. A7 Another rich couetos carl.

1564 T. Becon Jewel of Joy in Wks. ii. 15 Those riche carles and couetouse churles.

1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 53 None is so much the thieues mark as the myser and the Carle.

1597 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 1st 3 Bks. ii. iv. 37 The liberall man should liue, and carle should die.

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 354 I will not say, as a Carle lately did, of great wealth, I shall dye a beggar.

1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum (at cited word) An old Carle,..an old doting, covetous hunks, a surly niggard.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison II. xxxv. 339 Mercantile carle.

1837 R. Nicoll Poems (1843) 90 He was a carle in his day, And siccar bargains he could mak.

a. Without any specific reference to rank or manners, but usually including the notion of sturdiness or strength, and sometimes of roughness; = Fellow. Scottish.Cf. quots. c1405 at sense 1a, 1487 at sense 1a.

ΚΠ

1568 Christis Kirk on Grene in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 267 Tha cairlis w^t clubbis cowd vder quell.

1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iii. i. 65 As the Scotch Kerle saith.

1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. xxxi. 74 If he be a lusty Carle.

1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) I. 84 The night was cauld, the carle was wat.

1792 R. Burns in J. Johnson Scots Musical Museum IV. 405 Up wi' the carls of Dysart, And the lads o' Buckhiven.

1798 W. Wordsworth Peter Bell i. xvii He was a carl as wild and rude As ever hue-and-cry pursued.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth vii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 178 The town hold me a hot-headed carle.

1857 J. Wilson Christopher North I. 156 A rosy-cheeked carle, upwards of six feet high.

1858 M. Porteous Real Souter Johnny (ed. 2) 7 A blither cantier carl.

b. Scottish. to play carl again: ‘to return a stroke, to give as much as one receives’ (Jamieson).

ΚΠ

1862 A. Hislop Prov. Scotl. 161 Play carle wi' me again.

4. = carl hemp n.

Compounds

C1. Simple attributive or in apposition: That is or acts as a carl; knavish.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > low or vulgar person > [adjective]

carlisha1240

lewdc1380

carlc1450

villain1483

ruffian1528

shake-ragged1550

porterlike1568

popular1583

ungracious1584

ordinarya1586

tapsterly1589

mechanic1598

round-headed1598

base-like1600

strummell-patch1600

porterly1603

scrubbing1603

vernaculous1607

plebeian1615

reptile1653

proletarian1663

mobbish1695

low1725

terraefilial1745

low-lifed1747

Whitechapel1785

lowlife1794

boweryish1846

gutter1849

bowery1852

lowish1886

swab1914

lumpen1944

c1450 Erle of Tolous 1081 Thou carle monke, wyth all thy gynne..Hur sorowe schalt thou not cees.

1593 G. Peele Honovr of Garter sig. C3^v The Carle Obliuion stolne from Læthes lake.

C2. In sense of ‘male’, as carl cat, carl crab. Also carl hemp n., carman n.¹The asserted occurrence of carl-catt, carl-fugol, etc. in Old English appears to be an error: they have not been found by us even in Middle English.

ΚΠ

c1605 A. Montgomerie Flyting with Polwart 670 Carle cats weepe vinegar with their eine.

1691 J. Ray N. Country Words (E.D.S.) Carl-cat, a boar or he-cat.

1710 R. Sibbald Hist. Fife & Kinross ii. iii. 55 The Common sea-crab..the Male they call the Carle-Crab.

C3.

carl doddie n. a flowering stalk of ribgrass, scabious, etc. Cf. curldoddy n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > plants, grasses, or reeds > [noun] > vegetable fibre > hemp > types of

fimble hemp1484

carl hemp?1523

henequen1555

steel hemp1604

Rusband1633

Riga rhine1639

Russia hemp1663

pass-hemp1742

chucking1785

Manila1826

sisal1827

sisal hemp1828

moorva1855

outshot1858

pass1858

carl doddie1868

outshots1880

1868 G. MacDonald Robert Falconer I. 65 ‘He kneipit their heids thegither, as gin they hed been twa carldoddies’.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	carl
释义	carlcarlen.¹ Brit. /kɑːl/, U.S. /kɑrl/ Forms: Also Middle English–1600s karl(e, kerl(e, Middle English karll, 1500s carril, cairle, carll. Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse karl. Etymology: < Old Norse karl (Swedish Danish karl ) man, male, freeman, man of the people; found in Old English, from the time of the Danish kings, in hús-carl , later also in butse-carl , and carlman , but not as a separate word. Old Norse karl = Old High German charal , karl , Middle High German karl < Old Germanic type karlo-z . Old High German had also charlo* , Middle High German charle , karle < Old Germanic type karlon- . Besides these the Low German dialects have an ablaut form representing an Old Germanic type kerlo-z , viz. Old English ceorl ( < cerl ), Middle Dutch kērel , kerle , Dutch kerel , Middle Low German kerle (whence modern German kerl ), Frisian tzerl : see churl n. The form karl appears as the proper name Karl , Old English Carl , Latin Carolus , French and English Charles : compare Charles's Wain n. 1. a. A man of the common people; more particularly a countryman, a husbandman. archaic.See housecarl n., buscarl n., carman n.¹ ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant tillman940 churla1000 ploughman1223 bondmanc1250 bondc1275 ploughswain1296 countrymanc1300 boundec1320 Hobc1325 charla1400 landmana1400 Jack (John) Upland1402 carlc1405 bowerc1430 peasanta1450 rurala1475 agrest1480 bergier1480 carlleina1500 rustical?1532 ploughboy1544 boor1548 rusticc1550 kern1556 tillsman1561 clown1563 Jocka1568 Jock upalanda1568 John Uponlanda1568 russet coat1568 rustican1570 hind?1577 swain1579 Corydon1581 mountain man1587 Phillis1589 sylvan1589 russeting1597 Joan1598 stubble boy1598 paysan1609 carlota1616 swainling1615 raiyat1625 contadino1630 under-swaina1644 high shoe1647 boorinn1649 Bonhomme1660 high-shoon-man1664 countrywoman1679 villan1685 russet gown1694 ruralist1739 paysanne1748 bauer1799 bonderman1804 bodach1830 contadina1835 agrestian1837 peasantess1841 country jake1845 rufus1846 bonder1848 hayseed1851 bucolic1862 agricole1882 country jay1888 child (son, etc.) of the soil1891 hillbilly1900 palouser1903 kisan1935 woop woop1936 swede-basher1943 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [noun] churlc1275 Hobc1325 Hodgec1386 charla1400 carlc1405 peasanta1450 hoggler1465 agrest1480 hoggener1488 rustical?1532 boor1548 rusticc1550 kern1556 clown1563 Jocka1568 John Uponlanda1568 russet coat1568 rustican1570 hind?1577 Corydon1581 gaffer1589 gran1591 russeting1597 dunghill1608 hog rubber1611 carlota1616 high shoe1647 Bonhomme1660 high-shoon-man1664 cot1695 ruralist1739 Johnnya1774 Harry1796 bodach1830 bucolic1862 cafone1872 bogman1891 country bookie1904 desi1907 middle peasant1929 woodchuck1931 swede-basher1943 moegoe1953 shit-kicker1961 c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 547 The Millere was a stout carl for the nones. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xi. 90 Thai sparyt nowther carl na page. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 62 Carle or chorle, rusticus. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 158 He wes a stout carle and a sture. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 226 Stalwart karlis..and wycht. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xi. 167 They saugh come a grete karl thourgh the medowes. 1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. clxviii^v Fye rurall carles awake I say and ryse. c1550 J. Balfour Practicks 510 (Jam.) Cairles, and men of mean conditioun. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Churle or carle of the countrey, rusticus. 1757 J. Dyer Fleece ii. 68 They clothe the mountain carl, or mariner. 1820 W. Scott Monastery II. iii^. 126 It seems as if you had fallen asleep a carle, and awakened a gentleman. 1821 J. Baillie Malcolm's Heir* xii. 2 By lord and by carle forgot. 1876 W. Morris Story of Sigurd ii. 87 And kings of the carles are these. †b. esp. A bondman, a villein; cf. churl n. Obsolete (after 1500 blending with 1a). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > villein or cottar cotsetlac1000 grassman1282 carla1300 villeina1325 tike1377 villeiness1611 serf1761 cotset1809 cottar1809 society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > serfdom > [noun] > serf town manOE townsmanOE churl?c1225 carla1300 villeina1325 peasant1550 serf1611 helot1823 robotnik1945 a1300 Cursor Mundi 29444 Þe toþer..es woman, carl o feild, and child þat es wit-in eild. a1400 Cato's Distichs (Fairf.) l. 313 in R. Morris Cursor Mundi (1878) III. App. iv. 1673 If þou haue carlis boȝt to serue þe in þi þoȝt. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 62 Carle or chorle, bondeman or woman, servus nativus, serva nativa. c1440 York Myst. xi. 191 We are harde halden here als carls vndir þe kyng. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 148/2 He tormented a uylayn or a carle for the couetyse of hys good. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 203/1 Carle, chorle, uilain. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xvii. 113 The discriptione of ane vilaine (quhilk ve cal ane carl in our scottis langage). 1844 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. i. 11 The oath of a..King's thane, being of equal avail with that of six carles or peasants.] 2. a. Hence, A fellow of low birth or rude manners; a base fellow; a churl. In later times, passing into a vague term of disparagement or contempt, and chiefly with appropriate epithets. Scottish./kerl/ or archaic. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific ranks of common people > [noun] > villein laeta1000 cotsetlac1000 bondmanc1250 bondc1275 grassman1282 husbanda1300 youngerman?c1300 boundec1320 villeina1325 tike1377 carla1400 cotset1809 cottar1809 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > low or vulgar person > [noun] gadlinga1300 geggea1300 churlc1300 filec1300 jot1362 scoutc1380 beggara1400 carla1400 turnbroach14.. villainc1400 gnoffc1405 fellowc1425 cavelc1430 haskardc1487 hastardc1489 foumart1508 strummel?a1513 knapper1513 hogshead?1518 jockeya1529 dreng1535 sneakbill1546 Jack1548 rag1566 scald1575 huddle and twang1578 sneaksby1580 companion1581 lowling1581 besognier1584 patchcock1596 grill1597 sneaksbill1602 scum1607 turnspit1607 cocoloch1610 compeer1612 dust-worm1621 besonioa1625 world-worma1625 besognea1652 gippo1651 Jacky1653 mechanic1699 fustya1732 grub-worm1752 raff1778 person1782 rough scuff1816 spalpeen1817 bum1825 sculpin1834 soap-lock1840 tinka1843 'Arry1874 scruff1896 scruffo1959 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13808 ‘Þou carl, qui brekes þou vr lau.’ c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 876 An out-comlyng, a carle, we kytte of þyn heued. c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 559 The karl of Kaymes kyn. 1476 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 494 They weer frowarde karlys. 1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) 173 Men sayen that ‘of a kerle may nought come but poyson and fylth’. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Fi^v A knaue and a carle and all of one kynde. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xvii. 115 Thai that var vicius & couuardis var reput for vilianis ande carlis. 1597 1st Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus v. i. 1479 Farewell, base carle clothed in a sattin sute. 1728 J. Thomson Hymn to May (R.) I deem that carl, by beauty's pow'r unmov'd Hated of heav'n. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian v, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 109 Ye donnard carle. 1829 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. iv. 123 Wrinkled carles and odious hags. 1882 J. Fothergill Kith & Kin xiii A rough-hewn, cross-grained carle like him. b. spec. One who is churlish or mean in money matters; a grabber; a niggard. Now only Scottish. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] > niggard or mean person nithinga1225 chinch?a1300 nigc1300 chincher1333 shut-purse1340 niggardc1384 haynec1386 nigona1400 pinchera1425 pinchpenny?c1425 pynepenya1450 pelt1511 chincherda1529 churl1535 pinchbeck1538 carl?1542 penny-father1549 nipfarthing1566 nipper?1573 holdfast1576 pinchpence1577 pinch fistc1580 pinchfart1592 shit-sticks1598 clunchfist1606 puckfist1606 sharp-nose1611 spare-good1611 crib1622 hog grubber?1626 dry-fist1633 clusterfist1652 niggardling1654 frummer1659 scrat1699 sting-hum1699 nipcheese1785 pincha1825 screw1825 wire-drawer1828 close-fist1861 penny-pincher1875 nip-skin1876 parer1887 pinch-plum1892 cheapskate1899 meanie1902 tightwad1906 stinge1914 penny-peeler1925 mean1938 stiff1967 ?1542 H. Brinkelow Complaynt Roderyck Mors ii. sig. A7 Another rich couetos carl. 1564 T. Becon Jewel of Joy in Wks. ii. 15 Those riche carles and couetouse churles. 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 53 None is so much the thieues mark as the myser and the Carle. 1597 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 1st 3 Bks. ii. iv. 37 The liberall man should liue, and carle should die. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 354 I will not say, as a Carle lately did, of great wealth, I shall dye a beggar. 1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum (at cited word) An old Carle,..an old doting, covetous hunks, a surly niggard. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison II. xxxv. 339 Mercantile carle. 1837 R. Nicoll Poems (1843) 90 He was a carle in his day, And siccar bargains he could mak. 3. a. Without any specific reference to rank or manners, but usually including the notion of sturdiness or strength, and sometimes of roughness; = Fellow. Scottish.Cf. quots. c1405 at sense 1a, 1487 at sense 1a. ΚΠ 1568 Christis Kirk on Grene in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 267 Tha cairlis w^t clubbis cowd vder quell. 1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iii. i. 65 As the Scotch Kerle saith. 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. xxxi. 74 If he be a lusty Carle. 1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) I. 84 The night was cauld, the carle was wat. 1792 R. Burns in J. Johnson Scots Musical Museum IV. 405 Up wi' the carls of Dysart, And the lads o' Buckhiven. 1798 W. Wordsworth Peter Bell i. xvii He was a carl as wild and rude As ever hue-and-cry pursued. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth vii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 178 The town hold me a hot-headed carle. 1857 J. Wilson Christopher North I. 156 A rosy-cheeked carle, upwards of six feet high. 1858 M. Porteous Real Souter Johnny (ed. 2) 7 A blither cantier carl. b. Scottish. to play carl again: ‘to return a stroke, to give as much as one receives’ (Jamieson). ΚΠ 1862 A. Hislop Prov. Scotl. 161 Play carle wi' me again. 4. = carl hemp n. Compounds C1. Simple attributive or in apposition: That is or acts as a carl; knavish. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > low or vulgar person > [adjective] carlisha1240 lewdc1380 carlc1450 villain1483 ruffian1528 shake-ragged1550 porterlike1568 popular1583 ungracious1584 ordinarya1586 tapsterly1589 mechanic1598 round-headed1598 base-like1600 strummell-patch1600 porterly1603 scrubbing1603 vernaculous1607 plebeian1615 reptile1653 proletarian1663 mobbish1695 low1725 terraefilial1745 low-lifed1747 Whitechapel1785 lowlife1794 boweryish1846 gutter1849 bowery1852 lowish1886 swab1914 lumpen1944 c1450 Erle of Tolous 1081 Thou carle monke, wyth all thy gynne..Hur sorowe schalt thou not cees. 1593 G. Peele Honovr of Garter sig. C3^v The Carle Obliuion stolne from Læthes lake. C2. In sense of ‘male’, as carl cat, carl crab. Also carl hemp n., carman n.¹The asserted occurrence of carl-catt, carl-fugol, etc. in Old English appears to be an error: they have not been found by us even in Middle English. ΚΠ c1605 A. Montgomerie Flyting with Polwart 670 Carle cats weepe vinegar with their eine. 1691 J. Ray N. Country Words (E.D.S.) Carl-cat, a boar or he-cat. 1710 R. Sibbald Hist. Fife & Kinross ii. iii. 55 The Common sea-crab..the Male they call the Carle-Crab. C3. carl doddie n. a flowering stalk of ribgrass, scabious, etc. Cf. curldoddy n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > plants, grasses, or reeds > [noun] > vegetable fibre > hemp > types of fimble hemp1484 carl hemp?1523 henequen1555 steel hemp1604 Rusband1633 Riga rhine1639 Russia hemp1663 pass-hemp1742 chucking1785 Manila1826 sisal1827 sisal hemp1828 moorva1855 outshot1858 pass1858 carl doddie1868 outshots1880 1868 G. MacDonald Robert Falconer I. 65 ‘He kneipit their heids thegither, as gin they hed been twa carldoddies’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). carln.² Etymology: Compare carl v.² dialect. 1. = carling n.² ΚΠ 1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Carlings or Carls, are gray peas steeped in water and fried the next day in butter or fat..They are eaten on the second Sunday before Easter, formerly called ‘Care Sunday’. 2. Carl Sunday n. = Carling or Care Sunday. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > specific Christian festivals > mid-Lent > [noun] > last Sunday in Care Sunday1538 Carling Sunday1681 Carl Sunday1688 Caring Sunday1785 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 130/1 The 5 Sunday in Lent called Carle Sunday. 1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 320 The Sunday next but one before Easter, which is called ‘Carl-Sunday’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2018). carlv.¹ Etymology: ? < carl n.¹ †1. intransitive (?) To act or behave like a carl; to talk with a gruff, snarling voice, to snarl. dialect in later use. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > speak in a particular manner [verb (intransitive)] > harshly or sharply jangle1382 carl1602 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > be discourteous [verb (intransitive)] > not be affable > be surly carl1602 1602 Returne fr. Parnassus (Arb.) v. iv. 72 Nought can great Furor do, but barke and howle, And snarle and grin, and carle, and towze the world, Like a great swine. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. i. v. 79 The[y] Carle many times as they sit, and talke to themselues, they are angry, waspish. 1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Carl, to snarl. 2. transitive. To provide or suit with a male. Scottish. ΚΠ 1807 J. Ruickbie Wayside Cottager 177 (Jam.) If she could get herself but carl'd..She wi' her din ne'er deav'd the warld. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online September 2021). carlv.² Etymology: Of uncertain origin. (Perhaps a back-formation < carling n.² ‘parched peas’, taken as a participial form.) dialect. transitive. To prepare as carlings; to parch (peas); to birsle or bristle. ΚΠ 1863 Mrs. Toogood Specim. Yorks. Dial. The sun carls the hay and makes it crackly. Derivatives carled adj. ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Groule Febves groulées, parched or carled Beanes. 1862 C. C. Robinson Dial. Leeds & Neighbourhood 263 Carled peas, grey peas steeped all night in water and fried the following day with butter. 1863 Mrs. Toogood Specim. Yorks. Dial. T'ground is sumpy underneath, but carled on top. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.¹a1300n.²1688v.¹1602v.²1611
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carlcarlen.1

Compounds

carln.2

carlv.1

carlv.2

Derivatives

carlcarlen.¹

carln.²

carlv.¹

carlv.²