carfaxn.

Brit.

/ˈkɑːfaks/, U.S.

/ˈkɑrˌfæks/

Forms: Middle English carfuks, carfouk, Middle English carfowgh, carfoukes, quarfoxe, 1500s carfoxe, 1500s–1600s carfox, 1600s carfoix, carefox, 1700s cairfax, Middle English– carfax.

Etymology: Middle English carfuks, -fouk, representing an earlier carreforc(s, -furcs, corresponding to Provençal carreforc, Old French carrefor(s, -four (modern French carrefour) < Latin quadrifurcus four-forked, < quadri- = quatuor four + furca fork. As the French had lost the final c before the 12th cent., it is not quite clear how this came into English;—possibly from the Latin form—it could hardly be from the Provençal. The total absence of the r in English is also notable, especially as fork was a well-known word from Old English times. But notwithstanding these and other obscure points in the phonetic history, the derivation itself appears to be beyond doubt. N.E.D. (1888) enters this under the double headword carfax, carfox and gives the pronunciations (kā·ɹfæ̆ks, -fǫ̆ks) /ˈkɑːfæks/, /-fɒks/.

1. A place where four roads or streets meet. (Sometimes extended to more than four.)

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > junction of roads, paths, or tracks > [noun] > cross-roads

carfax1357

carfour1477

cross1546

cross-way?1556

quatervois?1575

four-way1598

four-crosswaya1645

crossing1695

four-went way(s1777

cross-road1812

cross-street1825

intersectiona1864

1357 London City Rec., Lett. Bk. G 72 Item qe nul Pulter nautre denzein de la Citee nestoise as Carfuks del ledenhalle ouesqz conyns volatil nautre Pulletrie pur vendre.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 62 Cartehowse [v.r. Carfax, or Carfaus], quadrivium.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 89/2 Whan he cam to the quarfoxe the deuyl caught the chylde.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xvii. 273 Thei enbusshed hem a-gein a carfowgh [?read carfowrgh] of vj weyes.

c1500 Partenay 1819 No place ther had, neither carfoukes [Fr. carrefours] non.

1662 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words (ed. 2) Carefox, quasi, quatre-four, or a place parted into four wayes, a market place in Oxford. [1678 Carfax.]

1886 C. W. Bardsley Jim's Psalm 17 He comes to a country carfax. Four roads meet.

2. Hence, the proper name of a place formed by the intersection of two principal streets in various towns, as at Oxford and Exeter.

ΚΠ

1527 Will of William Secoll (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/22) f. 196 My house in Eynesham before the Carfaxe.

?1575 J. Hooker Discr. Excester sig. Aiv The Conduit at Quaterfoies or Carfoxe.

a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §107 104 Four..streets..do all meet in the midst of the city, called corruptly Carfox.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Carefox, a market place in Oxford so called.

1673 Will of Henry Ellis (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/342) f. 183^v Scarfolkes.

1693 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. I. Add. 429 Carfax.. the place where Four Ways meet in Oxford.

1709 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1886) II. 24 July Ad quadrivium, vulgo Cairfax.

1751 S. Whatley England's Gazetteer at Exeter Here are 4 principal streets..all centring in the middle of the city, which is therefore called Carfox.

1880 Sussex Gloss. (E.D.S.) The Carfax at Horsham.

1886 T. Northy Hist. Exeter xiii. 66 They were taken to Exeter and executed at the Carfoix.

†3. (In form carfouk): Used to render medieval Latin quadrivium, in the academic sense of the four ‘arts’, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy (cf. art n.¹ 9). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > a department of study > arts > quadrivium

carfax1387

quadrivials1522

quadrivium1804

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. Rolls Ser. VII. vi. xiv. 69 Þat carfouk ich leve [L. illud quadrivium omitto], but he [Gerebertus] drank þerof þat he passed al oþere.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	carfax
释义	carfaxn. Brit. /ˈkɑːfaks/, U.S. /ˈkɑrˌfæks/ Forms: Middle English carfuks, carfouk, Middle English carfowgh, carfoukes, quarfoxe, 1500s carfoxe, 1500s–1600s carfox, 1600s carfoix, carefox, 1700s cairfax, Middle English– carfax. Etymology: Middle English carfuks, -fouk, representing an earlier carreforc(s, -furcs, corresponding to Provençal carreforc, Old French carrefor(s, -four (modern French carrefour) < Latin quadrifurcus four-forked, < quadri- = quatuor four + furca fork. As the French had lost the final c before the 12th cent., it is not quite clear how this came into English;—possibly from the Latin form—it could hardly be from the Provençal. The total absence of the r in English is also notable, especially as fork was a well-known word from Old English times. But notwithstanding these and other obscure points in the phonetic history, the derivation itself appears to be beyond doubt. N.E.D. (1888) enters this under the double headword carfax, carfox and gives the pronunciations (kā·ɹfæ̆ks, -fǫ̆ks) /ˈkɑːfæks/, /-fɒks/. 1. A place where four roads or streets meet. (Sometimes extended to more than four.) ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > junction of roads, paths, or tracks > [noun] > cross-roads carfax1357 carfour1477 cross1546 cross-way?1556 quatervois?1575 four-way1598 four-crosswaya1645 crossing1695 four-went way(s1777 cross-road1812 cross-street1825 intersectiona1864 1357 London City Rec., Lett. Bk. G 72 Item qe nul Pulter nautre denzein de la Citee nestoise as Carfuks del ledenhalle ouesqz conyns volatil nautre Pulletrie pur vendre. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 62 Cartehowse [v.r. Carfax, or Carfaus], quadrivium. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 89/2 Whan he cam to the quarfoxe the deuyl caught the chylde. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xvii. 273 Thei enbusshed hem a-gein a carfowgh [?read carfowrgh] of vj weyes. c1500 Partenay 1819 No place ther had, neither carfoukes [Fr. carrefours] non. 1662 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words (ed. 2) Carefox, quasi, quatre-four, or a place parted into four wayes, a market place in Oxford. [1678 Carfax.] 1886 C. W. Bardsley Jim's Psalm 17 He comes to a country carfax. Four roads meet. 2. Hence, the proper name of a place formed by the intersection of two principal streets in various towns, as at Oxford and Exeter. ΚΠ 1527 Will of William Secoll (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/22) f. 196 My house in Eynesham before the Carfaxe. ?1575 J. Hooker Discr. Excester sig. Aiv The Conduit at Quaterfoies or Carfoxe. a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §107 104 Four..streets..do all meet in the midst of the city, called corruptly Carfox. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Carefox, a market place in Oxford so called. 1673 Will of Henry Ellis (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/342) f. 183^v Scarfolkes. 1693 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. I. Add. 429 Carfax.. the place where Four Ways meet in Oxford. 1709 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1886) II. 24 July Ad quadrivium, vulgo Cairfax. 1751 S. Whatley England's Gazetteer at Exeter Here are 4 principal streets..all centring in the middle of the city, which is therefore called Carfox. 1880 Sussex Gloss. (E.D.S.) The Carfax at Horsham. 1886 T. Northy Hist. Exeter xiii. 66 They were taken to Exeter and executed at the Carfoix. †3. (In form carfouk): Used to render medieval Latin quadrivium, in the academic sense of the four ‘arts’, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy (cf. art n.¹ 9). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > a department of study > arts > quadrivium carfax1387 quadrivials1522 quadrivium1804 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. Rolls Ser. VII. vi. xiv. 69 Þat carfouk ich leve [L. illud quadrivium omitto], but he [Gerebertus] drank þerof þat he passed al oþere. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1357
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