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单词 cask
释义

caskn.

Brit. /kɑːsk/, /kask/, U.S. /kæsk/
Forms: Also 1500s–1600s caske.
Etymology: apparently < French casque masculine ‘the head-peece tearmed a caske’ (Cotgrave), < Spanish casco ‘a caske or burganet, also a head, a pate, a skonce, an earthen pot, sheard or galley cup’ (Minsheu), which Diez thinks derived fromcascar to break into pieces, with the original sense of ‘something broken, sherd’. The meaning ‘head-piece, burgonet’ coincides with sense 4 (in later times also spelt casque , as in French); but sense 1 appears only in English, and its origin is not clear. Compare also casket n.
1.
a. The general term for a wooden vessel of a cylindrical form, usually bulging in the middle, and of greater length than breadth, formed of curved staves bound together by hoops, with flat ends or ‘heads’; a barrel. Cf. barrel n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > barrel or cask > [noun]
barrelc1300
kovec1320
rubbour1362
bossc1375
rundlet1380
cade1387
kemp1391
cuve14..
keup1480
tonnel1483
colle?a1500
fostella1510
cap1519
firkett1523
cask1557
butt1572
botozio1622
rindell1640
drum1871
1526–56 in J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices (modernized text) III. 167/1. 574/4.
1548 Procl. Edw. VI in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) II. 193 ]
1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes sig. T.iv New wine will search to finde a vent, Although the caske be neuer so strong.
1633 T. James Strange Voy. 80 With our Caske to Buoy her off.
1660 S. Fisher Rusticus ad Academicos iv. 36 Empty Casks, that ever sound the loudest among their shallow waters.
1708 J. Philips Cyder ii. (R.) Entertained With foreign vintage from his cider cask.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 824 This cask must have a bung about an inch and a half from the bottom.
1816 H. Douglas Ess. Mil. Bridges v. 143 A cask whose diameteris 34 in.; head diameter 27; and length 50 in.
b. collective. Casks collectively; ‘the commodity or provision of casks’ (Johnson). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > barrel or cask > [noun] > collectively
cask1557
casking1791
1557 Let. in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1598) I. 300 Because we be not sure what timber they shall finde there to make Caske, we haue laden in these ships 140. tunnes emptie Caske, that is 94. tunnes shaken Caske and 46. tunnes whole.
1695 London Gaz. No. 3109/3 Having thrown over-board her Boat, Guns, and several Cask.
1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 28 We righted her by shifting some of our full Cask and Iron Ballast.
c. A cask and its contents; hence as a measure of capacity, varying according to place, time, and commodity.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > specific liquid or dry units > barrel or cask as unit
barrel1379
kilderkin1391
puncheon1400
fat1413
cask1728
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) A Cask of Almonds, is about 3 Hundred weight.
1740 W. Somervile Hobbinol (1749) i. 117 To broach his mellow Cask.
1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 228 Negroes..sell..their wives and mistresses, for a cask of brandy.
1863 J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. (new ed.) II. (Gloss.) 1124/3 Cask (Gloucesters), of cider, usually 110 gallons.
1887 Whitaker's Almanack 408 In 1885 British Guiana exported of molasses 10,349 casks.
2. figurative.
ΚΠ
1598 E. Guilpin Skialetheia iii. sig. C8 Philosophy Hauing so well fore-season'd thy minds caske.
c1604 Charlemagne (1938) iv. 76 A verye windye caske of emptynes.
1857 C. Heavysege Saul (1869) 216 Ye binding hoops that bind the cask o' the soul.
3.
a. = casket n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > box > [noun] > small box > for valuable things
tyec725
scrinea1350
casket1467
cask1594
écrin1855
1594 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 iii. ii. 413 A iewell lockt into the wofulst caske, That euer yet containde a thing of woorth.
b. Case, shell. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun]
clothesc888
hattersOE
shroudc1000
weedOE
shrouda1122
clothc1175
hatteringa1200
atourc1220
back-clout?c1225
habit?c1225
clothingc1275
cleadinga1300
dubbinga1300
shroudinga1300
attirec1300
coverturec1300
suitc1325
apparel1330
buskingc1330
farec1330
harness1340
tire1340
backs1341
geara1350
apparelmentc1374
attiringa1375
vesturec1385
heelinga1387
vestmentc1386
arraya1400
graitha1400
livery1399
tirementa1400
warnementa1400
arrayment1400
parelc1400
werlec1400
raiment?a1425
robinga1450
rayc1450
implements1454
willokc1460
habiliment1470
emparelc1475
atourement1481
indumenta1513
reparel1521
wearing gear1542
revesture1548
claesc1550
case1559
attirement1566
furniture1566
investuring1566
apparelling1567
dud1567
hilback1573
wear1576
dress1586
enfolding1586
caparison1589
plight1590
address1592
ward-ware1598
garnish1600
investments1600
ditement1603
dressing1603
waith1603
thing1605
vestry1606
garb1608
outwall1608
accoutrementa1610
wearing apparel1617
coutrement1621
vestament1632
vestiment1637
equipage1645
cask1646
aguise1647
back-timbera1656
investiture1660
rigging1664
drapery1686
vest1694
plumage1707
bussingc1712
hull1718
paraphernalia1736
togs1779
body clothing1802
slough1808
toggery1812
traps1813
garniture1827
body-clothes1828
garmenture1832
costume1838
fig1839
outfit1840
vestiture1841
outer womana1845
outward man1846
vestiary1846
rag1855
drag1870
clo'1874
parapherna1876
clobber1879
threads1926
mocker1939
schmatte1959
vine1959
kit1989
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > [noun] > a covering
wrielsc825
coverc1320
hillingc1325
eyelida1382
covering1382
casea1398
coverta1400
tegumentc1440
hacklea1450
coverturec1450
housingc1450
deck1466
heeler1495
housera1522
coverlet1551
shrouda1561
kever1570
vele1580
periwig1589
hap1593
opercle1598
integument?1611
blanketa1616
cask1646
operiment1650
coverlid1654
tegment1656
shell?1677
muff1687
operculum1738
tegmen1807
1646 R. Baillie Anabaptism 150 Not denying the shell and the cask to them who enjoy the kirnell and the pearl.
1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 27 Continually putting up English-women into Out-landish caskes [= garments].
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine i. iv. 10 Wax, the cask of honey.
1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. xxiv. 296 The Fibres of the Cask that environs the Nut.
4.
a. A head-piece or helmet; = casque n. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > helmet > [noun]
helmc725
hoodc1275
crestc1325
iron hatc1330
testerc1386
helmet1470
cap1530
hood-skull1537
headpiecea1555
caska1586
mazer1605
casque1696
head cover1839
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. xxviii. sig. Zz7 A strong caske..wherwith he couerd his head.
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres v. 142 A strong cask with his open visier.
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. ii. 173 Were it a Caske compos'd by Vulcans skill My sword should bite it. View more context for this quotation
a1649 W. Drummond Hist. James V in Wks. (1711) 105 Their Casks, Corslets and Vantbraces.
1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Casque, a helmet.
1766 H. Lloyd Hist. Late War Germany I. Pref. sig. C2 The Infantry should have casks and cuirasses, made of strong leather.
b. as a type of military life or authority.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military service > [noun]
knightshipa1175
armsc1300
knighthoodc1384
warfarec1485
service1549
soldiership1561
soldierfare1579
military service1586
stipend1604
caska1616
milice1635
lance1641
militia1641
soldiering1643
camp1725
military1757
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. vii. 43 Nature..not moouing From th'Caske to th'Cushion.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a.
cask-body n.
ΚΠ
1874 Spons' Dict. Engin. VIII. 2919 Having thus far followed the shaping of the staves, and the conversion of the same into cask bodies, it will be necessary to direct our attention to the formation of cask-heads.
cask butter n.
ΚΠ
1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 21 Sept. 2/1 The ordinary cask butter from Cork market.
cask-head n.
ΚΠ
1874 [see cask-body n.].
1905 Daily Chron. 10 Oct. 2/5 The old-fashioned cask-heads with the familiar legend of ‘Fine old Port’.
cask maker n.
cask stave n.
ΚΠ
1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xvii. 209 Old cask-staves.
cask-steamer n.
ΚΠ
1924 Census 1921: Classif. Industries §459 Cask..Steamer [1927 Dict. Occup. TermsWasher, barrel; cask washer..(i) cask steamer, rolls barrels to feed end of washing machine..(ii) cleans barrels by pouring water and stone into them’].
cask-washer n.
ΚΠ
?1881 Census Eng. & Wales: Instr. Clerks classifying Occupations & Ages (?1885) 61 Cask Washer, Steamer.
1891 Daily News 12 Feb. 2/8 A cask-washer, employed at the Berkshire Brewery.
b.
cask-like adj.
ΚΠ
1598 E. Guilpin Skialetheia vi. sig. E1v Empty caske like minds.
C2.
cask-conditioned adj. of beer: that has been aged by traditional methods in the wood: see real ale n. at real adj.2, n.2, and adv. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > ale or beer > beer > [adjective] > qualities
strengthful1584
shire1721
deadish1742
entire1742
foxed1743
maltless1828
quarred1871
cocktail1888
fretty1897
light-struck1908
skunked1970
cask-conditioned1975
1975 Guardian 12 Sept. 14/4 Some companies use the words ‘draught beer’ to cover both cask-conditioned beer and keg.
1985 Financial Times 19 Nov. 18/7 A completely modern brewhouse capable of using the latest technology..to produce traditional cask conditioned beer.

Draft additions June 2015

cask strength n. the full, undiluted strength of whisky or other spirits after ageing; (hence) a whisky or other spirit bottled at full strength, directly from the cask; frequently attributive or as postmodifier.
ΚΠ
1970 Irish Times 25 Nov. 11/8 This was on a par with the best Highland malts, a superb, mature whisky, probably at cask strength, and without any of that characteristic ‘Irishness’ in bouquet or flavour which the 15-year-old Midleton has.
1991 Guardian (Nexis) 20 Apr. Genshu is cask strength sake; Taru-zake is aged in oak; Koshu is mature.
1997 Scotsman (Nexis) 23 Oct. 29 Allied also won the Most Outstanding Single Malt award for Laphroaig Cask Strength.
2002 Whisky Mag. Aug. 22/3 A group of 15 aficionados from Le clan des Grands Malts,..travelling in a mini-bus and carrying enough cask-strength liquid provisions to face a major ferry disruption.
2004 C. P. Shaw Whisky (new ed.) 54 The independent spirit merchants..pride themselves on maintaining the individuality of each batch of whisky, bottling straight from the cask at cask strength.
2014 Sc. Business Rev. (Nexis) 4 Nov. 13 A rich vanilla 18 year old, a peppery cask strength, a warm spicy 21 year old,..perfect Christmas gifts for a whisky lover.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

caskv.1

Brit. /kɑːsk/, /kask/, U.S. /kæsk/
Etymology: < cask n.
transitive. To put into a cask (or obsolete a casket, box).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > insert or put in [verb (transitive)] > into or as into other specific receptacles
sackc1405
pokea1425
pipe1465
barrel1466
cask1562
bag1570
vessel1577
basket1582
crock1594
cade1599
maund1604
impoke1611
incask1611
inflask1611
insatchel1611
desk1615
pot1626
cooper1746
kit1769
vat1784
pannier1804
vial1805
flask1855
tub1889
ampoule1946
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > insert or put in [verb (transitive)] > into or as into other specific receptacles > (as) into a box
to box up?c1450
box1545
cask1562
embox1570
1562 Act 5 Eliz. v. §6 Any Herring, being not sufficiently salted, packed and casked.
1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. X2 Doctor Perne is caskt vp in lead, and cannot arise to plead for himselfe.
1749 Wealth Great Brit. in Ocean 55 They are..casking..the fish.
1879 S. Baring-Gould Germany II. 86 Casking this costly drink for men.

Derivatives

casked adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > [adjective] > in or as in specific receptacles
barrelled1494
casked1624
pocketed1647
tunned1672
intubed1688
kitted1725
basined1745
canistered1843
pottled1845
carboyed1855
tubbed1882
sacked1895
pouched1905
cartoned1921
cupped1929
ampouled1969
slipcased1969
1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iii. xi. 86 Searching our casked corne.
casking n. (also casks collectively; in plural wines in casks).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > barrel or cask > [noun] > collectively
cask1557
casking1791
1791 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse §206 What quantity of casking would hold a given quantity of burnt lime was a matter untried.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

caskv.2

Etymology: ? < Spanish cascar.
Obsolete. rare.
? To crack, break in pieces.
ΚΠ
1600 Weakest goeth to Wall sig. F2 This hand Now shaking with the palsie, caske the beuer Of my proud Foe.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
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