Roman History. One of the magistrates annually elected to the judiciary of Rome, subordinate to the consuls particularly in administration of the…

In Muslim countries (esp. under the Ottoman Empire): (originally) a military commander or senior officer; (subsequently also) a civil officer or…

(The title of) a ruler, governor, or military commander in any of various Islamic countries.

Roman History. (A title of) the sovereign ruler of the Roman Empire, or of either of the empires into which this divided in a.d. 395. Also: a…

A military commander, a colonel; spec. the commander of troops raised in one county.

The name given to the governor or viceroy of certain military districts in Hungary, Slavonia, and Croatia, who takes the command in time of war.

In India and other Eastern countries, a military chief, a leader or general of a force or army; also spec. more recently, the British…

Rendering Latin dux, a provincial military commander, under the later emperors.

The titular appellation of the commanding officer of the Janissaries of Algiers, who, after having for some time shared the supreme power with the…

A captain or military commander in Poland and countries formerly united or subject to it; whence subsequently retained as a title among the Cossacks.

A Greek name for: the commander of a Roman legion's camp. Also more generally: a senior military commander in various Greek-speaking polities, esp…

South African. The leader of a Boer commando; in the South African armed forces, an officer ranking between major and colonel, the commandant-general…

In China at the time of the Three Kingdoms: the title of a military leader; (later, in the early years of the Republic of China) the highest…

In China, a military commander who had a regional power base and ruled independently of the central government, esp. in the period 1916–28.

Asian History. Among the Mongols: a military commander of a large force (notionally, a division of 10,000 men). Also (esp. in Tibet): the governor of…