carceln.
/ˈkɑːsəl/ 1. carcel-lamp n. a lamp in which the oil is pumped up to the wick by clockwork. Called also the French or mechanical lamp.
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carcel-lamp1845
1845 Mechanics' Mag. 43 402 One of the most deserving of notice is the improved carcel lamp.
c1865 H. Letheby in J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 105/1 Colza oil is generally consumed in the Carcel or French lamp.
1881 M. E. Braddon Asphodel I. v. 146 In the bright white light of the carcel lamps.
2. A French unit of illumination, equal to the light emitted by a standard carcel lamp burning 42 grammes of colza-oil an hour and with a flame 40 millimetres in height. (Disused.)
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the world > matter > light > illumination > [noun] > unit of illumination > other unit
carcela1884
a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 166/1 Carcel-bec, the French unit of illumination. Given the preference over candle~power..at the Electrical Congress, in Paris, 1881.
1884 F. Krohn tr. G. Glaser de Cew Magneto- & Dynamo-electr. Machines 119 The expenditure of work per second per Carcel-burner (7·4 candle power)... An illuminating power of 1·40 Carcels (10·36 candles).
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 260/2 The values are expressed in carcels (9·5 candles) per square centimetre of the mean horizontal focal plane of the luminous source.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online September 2021).
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n.1845