affinaladj.n.

Brit.

/əˈfʌɪnl/, U.S.

/əˈfaɪnl/

Forms: 1600s affinall, 1600s– affinal.

Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin, combined with English elements. Perhaps either (i) a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Or (ii) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: Latin affinalis ; Latin affīnis . -al suffix¹; affine adj.

Etymology: Originally < post-classical Latin affinalis (1519 as adjective and noun, in the passages translated in quots. 1609 at sense A. 1, 1609 at sense B. 1) < classical Latin affīnis relative (see affine n.) + -ālis -al suffix¹. In later use either < classical Latin affīnis affine adj. + -al suffix¹, or an alteration of affine adj. after final adj.

A. adj.

1. Early Music. Of or relating to the affinal (sense B. 1) of a chant. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus 27 Of the Affinall Keyes of Tones. The Keyes (which we call Affinall [L. affinales]) be the Letters which end irregular Songs..viz. alamire wherein ends euery song of the First and Second transposed Tone.

1664 J. Birchensha tr. J. H. Alsted Templum Musicum v. 33 The minute Keys are in number seven, so called because they are written with little Letters. Of these a. b. c. d. are called affinal, because in these Keyes the transposed Song doth end.

1907 Sammelbände der Internationalen Musikgesellschaft 8 220a Murschauser..gives this cadence as belonging to that Tone, and designates it as an affinal cadence.

1991 W. Thompson Schoenberg's Error 107 Guido concurs with this designation in the Micrologus, referring to the upper fifth as affinal, which for some later theorists would become known as cofinal.

†a. Closely connected; deriving from the same source. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > [adjective] > related or connected > closely related

speciala1398

sib?1507

affined1586

cousin1590

affine1614

incorporatea1616

vehementa1626

intimate1692

affinitive1745

affiliate1800

affinal1834

proximate1985

1834 London & Edinb. Philos. Mag. 5 206 We may add, further, (adopting Macleay's distinction of relations of analogy from those of affinity, and employing a new word much wanted,) that this vegetable principle, though strictly analogous to instinct, is not merely not identical but not even affinal with it.

1836 Repertory Patent Inventions 6 121 Platinum, iridium, and some other affinal metals, act at temperatures below zero.

1847 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 137 15 The experiments strongly tend to support the views of Berthollet, that chemical and physical attraction are affinal, or produced by the same mode of force.

b. Of or relating to relationship by marriage; (of a person) related by marriage.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [adjective] > by marriage

affinal1843

1843 J. Riddell Stewartiana i. 36 Every marriage withal, being liable at once to be set aside, upon the emerging of a scandalous discovery or fabrication of copula..of one of the parties with a kinsman of another, which made the affinal bar, as effectual a flaw in itself as the consanguinean.

1883 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 12 50 As this group embraces the relationships by affinity.., it may..be denoted affinal.

1941 M. E. Opler Apache Life-way 439 The Lipan do not practice avoidance of affinal relatives.

1958 Amer. Anthropologist 60 75 Prescriptive marriage rules entail enduring affinal ties between groups.

1987 Econ. Hist. Rev. 40 480 An intricate network of marriages between affinal kinsfolk and blood relatives.

2001 N. Long Devel. Sociol. vii. 149 Affinal relationships between members of the same generation do not..exhibit the same degree of tension..that characterises bonds between siblings.

B. n.

1. Early Music. In medieval modal theory: the final (final n. 2b) of a transposed chant, typically a fifth higher than the standard final of the mode. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus 27 Let euery transposition be from a Finall to a fift the proper Affinall [L. affinalem].

1980 New Grove Dict. Music XII. 395/2 Cantus mollis tetrardus modes on c had been theoretically available in chant theory as transformations at the tritus affinal c, but they were extremely rare.

2. A relative by marriage. Cf. affine n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > [noun] > relative by marriage

affinea1509

connection1780

affinal1883

1883 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 12 51 Its irreducible meaning is any descendant of an affinal, not being, as such, a descendant of self.

1957 K. A. Wittfogel Oriental Despotism 344 The ruler's affinals are an equally ambivalent asset. They attain political prominence because one of their female members is his wife.

1977 C. Wagley Welcome of Tears (1983) iv. 118 The men of their households were affinals (sons-in-law or brothers-in-law).

2007 P. Carrasco in R. A. Manners Process & Pattern in Culture iii. 202 I have interpreted these instances of residence with the husband's affinals as cases in which a household head takes in additional dependents.

Derivatives

aˈffinally adv. by marriage (cf. sense A. 2b).

ΚΠ

1933 Oceania 3 303 Nan's own children and grandchildren and those affinally related to them.

1957 V. W. Turner Schism & Continuity in Afr. Society ix. 266 Two members of Malabu lineage were..affinally linked with Shika Village.

2001 N. Tapp Hmong of China 138 Sun Huaixiang..was affinally most closely connected to the Xie.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	affinal
释义	affinaladj.n. Brit. /əˈfʌɪnl/, U.S. /əˈfaɪnl/ Forms: 1600s affinall, 1600s– affinal. Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin, combined with English elements. Perhaps either (i) a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Or (ii) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: Latin affinalis ; Latin affīnis . -al suffix¹; affine adj. Etymology: Originally < post-classical Latin affinalis (1519 as adjective and noun, in the passages translated in quots. 1609 at sense A. 1, 1609 at sense B. 1) < classical Latin affīnis relative (see affine n.) + -ālis -al suffix¹. In later use either < classical Latin affīnis affine adj. + -al suffix¹, or an alteration of affine adj. after final adj. A. adj. 1. Early Music. Of or relating to the affinal (sense B. 1) of a chant. Now historical. ΚΠ 1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus 27 Of the Affinall Keyes of Tones. The Keyes (which we call Affinall [L. affinales]) be the Letters which end irregular Songs..viz. alamire wherein ends euery song of the First and Second transposed Tone. 1664 J. Birchensha tr. J. H. Alsted Templum Musicum v. 33 The minute Keys are in number seven, so called because they are written with little Letters. Of these a. b. c. d. are called affinal, because in these Keyes the transposed Song doth end. 1907 Sammelbände der Internationalen Musikgesellschaft 8 220a Murschauser..gives this cadence as belonging to that Tone, and designates it as an affinal cadence. 1991 W. Thompson Schoenberg's Error 107 Guido concurs with this designation in the Micrologus, referring to the upper fifth as affinal, which for some later theorists would become known as cofinal. 2. †a. Closely connected; deriving from the same source. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > [adjective] > related or connected > closely related speciala1398 sib?1507 affined1586 cousin1590 affine1614 incorporatea1616 vehementa1626 intimate1692 affinitive1745 affiliate1800 affinal1834 proximate1985 1834 London & Edinb. Philos. Mag. 5 206 We may add, further, (adopting Macleay's distinction of relations of analogy from those of affinity, and employing a new word much wanted,) that this vegetable principle, though strictly analogous to instinct, is not merely not identical but not even affinal with it. 1836 Repertory Patent Inventions 6 121 Platinum, iridium, and some other affinal metals, act at temperatures below zero. 1847 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 137 15 The experiments strongly tend to support the views of Berthollet, that chemical and physical attraction are affinal, or produced by the same mode of force. b. Of or relating to relationship by marriage; (of a person) related by marriage. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [adjective] > by marriage affinal1843 1843 J. Riddell Stewartiana i. 36 Every marriage withal, being liable at once to be set aside, upon the emerging of a scandalous discovery or fabrication of copula..of one of the parties with a kinsman of another, which made the affinal bar, as effectual a flaw in itself as the consanguinean. 1883 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 12 50 As this group embraces the relationships by affinity.., it may..be denoted affinal. 1941 M. E. Opler Apache Life-way 439 The Lipan do not practice avoidance of affinal relatives. 1958 Amer. Anthropologist 60 75 Prescriptive marriage rules entail enduring affinal ties between groups. 1987 Econ. Hist. Rev. 40 480 An intricate network of marriages between affinal kinsfolk and blood relatives. 2001 N. Long Devel. Sociol. vii. 149 Affinal relationships between members of the same generation do not..exhibit the same degree of tension..that characterises bonds between siblings. B. n. 1. Early Music. In medieval modal theory: the final (final n. 2b) of a transposed chant, typically a fifth higher than the standard final of the mode. Now historical. ΚΠ 1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus 27 Let euery transposition be from a Finall to a fift the proper Affinall [L. affinalem]. 1980 New Grove Dict. Music XII. 395/2 Cantus mollis tetrardus modes on c had been theoretically available in chant theory as transformations at the tritus affinal c, but they were extremely rare. 2. A relative by marriage. Cf. affine n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > [noun] > relative by marriage affinea1509 connection1780 affinal1883 1883 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 12 51 Its irreducible meaning is any descendant of an affinal, not being, as such, a descendant of self. 1957 K. A. Wittfogel Oriental Despotism 344 The ruler's affinals are an equally ambivalent asset. They attain political prominence because one of their female members is his wife. 1977 C. Wagley Welcome of Tears (1983) iv. 118 The men of their households were affinals (sons-in-law or brothers-in-law). 2007 P. Carrasco in R. A. Manners Process & Pattern in Culture iii. 202 I have interpreted these instances of residence with the husband's affinals as cases in which a household head takes in additional dependents. Derivatives aˈffinally adv. by marriage (cf. sense A. 2b). ΚΠ 1933 Oceania 3 303 Nan's own children and grandchildren and those affinally related to them. 1957 V. W. Turner Schism & Continuity in Afr. Society ix. 266 Two members of Malabu lineage were..affinally linked with Shika Village. 2001 N. Tapp Hmong of China 138 Sun Huaixiang..was affinally most closely connected to the Xie. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1609
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