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单词 camphor
释义

camphorn.

/ˈkamfə//ˈkamfɔː/
Forms: (Middle English caumfre), Middle English–1800s camphire, (1500s camfory, camforie, camfery, camphier, camphora, camfora, canfora), 1500s–1600s campher, camphyre, ( champhire, 1600s camphorey, campheer, camphir, camfer, camfire, canfir, 1700s champhor), 1600s– camphor.
Etymology: < French camfre, camphre = medieval Latin camphora, Provençal camphora, Portuguese camphora, Italian canfora, Spanish alcanfor, Portuguese alcanfor, medieval Greek καϕουρά (‘Camphora, quam Aetius caphura nominavit’ Herm. Barbaro, 15th cent. commentator on Dioscorides, Devic), < Arabic kāfūr, in Old Persian kāpūr, Prakrit kappūram, Sanskrit karpūram; in Hindi kappūr, kapūr, kāpūr, Malay kāpūr. The European forms are immediately < Arabic, with an for long ā. Various forms of the word occur in 16th cent. English, but the typical form down to c1800 was camphire; the modern camphor is conformed to the Latin.
1. A whitish translucent crystalline volatile substance, belonging chemically to the vegetable oils, and having a bitter aromatic taste and a strong characteristic smell: it is used in pharmacy, and was formerly in repute as an antaphrodisiac. common camphor (C10H16O) is prepared by distillation and sublimation from Camphora officinarum ( Laurus camphora), a tree indigenous to Java, Sumatra, Japan, etc., and from other lauraceous trees. Many essential oils, as those of feverfew, lavender, etc., deposit varieties of camphor differing only in their action on polarized light. Borneo camphor or Borneol (C10H18O) is yielded by Dryobalanops Camphora, family Dipteraceæ, a tree growing in Sumatra and Borneo; it is less volatile than common camphor, and has a mingled camphoraceous and peppery smell. Ngai camphor, of the same chemical composition as Borneol, is produced in China and Burma by the distillation of Blumea balsamifera.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual desire > [noun] > anaphrodisiac > specific
camphor1313
marble dew1621
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > crystalline substances > [noun] > camphors
camphor1313
asarin1834
stearoptene1836
anise camphor1863
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > camphor
camphor1313
Sumatra camphora1760
Borneo camphora1811
Malay camphor1837
turpentine camphor1857
tub-camphor1880
Japan camphor1882
Japanese camphor-
1313 in Wardrobe Acc. 7 Edw. II 20 Caumfre 18d.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 202/2 Camforie or gumme, camfre.
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Evj Great plentie of Camphora, called camphyre, whiche they affirme to be the gumme of a certayn tree.
1585 H. Lloyde tr. John XXI Treasury of Healthe I. ii Gume of Arabicke, Dragance, Camfery.
1588 T. Hickock tr. C. Federici Voy. & Trauaile f. 38 Canfora, being compound commeth all from China, and al that which groweth in canes commeth from Bruneo.
1598 E. Guilpin Skialetheia i. sig. C3 Tearms of quick Camphire & Salt-peeter phrases.
1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke iii. 177 Camphor.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §30 Brimstone, Pitch, Champhire, Wildfire..make no such fiery wind, as Gunpowder doth.
1629 J. Smith True Trav. v. 8 Campheer, and powder of Brimstone.
1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iii. xiv. 15 Intemperance..makes a fair estate evaporate like Camphire, turning it into nothing.
1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden cclxxxiv In English camphire, camfire, camphor, and camfer.
1661 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mech. (1682) ii. i. 21 Camphire of which a little will fill a room with its odour.
1680 R. Morden Geogr. Rectified (1685) 323 The Canfir of Borneo.
1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar i. i. 14 Prescribe her an ounce of Camphire every morning..to abate Incontinency.
1764 C. Churchill Candidate 35 Her loins by the chaste matron Camphire bound.
1781–7 Bp. R. Watson Chem. Ess. (1789) V. 273 Camphor.
1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. iii. 128 Camphor is used to preserve the collections of naturalists.
1875 C. Darwin Insectivorous Plants ix. 209 Camphor is the only known stimulant for plants.
2. A tree or plant which yields camphor: esp. Camphora officinarum and Dryobalanops Camphora; see sense 1. Obsolete.The shrub called ‘camphire’ in the 1611 version of the Bible is now identified with the Lawsonia inermis or henna-plant, family Lythraceæ.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > other medicinal plants
calamint1322
agarica1400
adder's tonguea1425
alyssum1551
camphor1570
makinboy1652
moxa1675
badiaga1753
chaw-stick1756
ispaghul1810
frostwort1814
frostweed1817
bugleweed1822
bitter root1838
Solidago1883
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Fiiiv/1 Campher, herb, camphora.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. ii. sig. Dd5v Rew, and Sauine, and the flowre Of Camphora.
1611 Bible (King James) Song of Sol. i. 14 My beloued is vnto me, as a cluster of Camphire [1885 R.V. henna-flowers] . View more context for this quotation
1633 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures (1663) xxxix. 156 A Tent pitched upon 12 Ballisters of the wood of Camphire.
1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. ii. 194 Here also grew Camphire, with Spicknard, and Saffron. View more context for this quotation

Compounds

C1. Generalattributive.
camphor ball n.
ΚΠ
1592 R. Greene Quip for Vpstart Courtier sig. D3v Being curiously washte with no woorse than a camphier ball.
camphor constitution n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1620 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Phylaster ii. 17 Such Campher Constitutions as this.
camphor julep n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > cocktail > [noun] > other cocktails
balderdash1611
twist1699
Coke-upon-Littleton1740
julep1787
camphor julep1788
switchel1790
sling1792
mint sling1804
mint julep1809
swizzle1813
smash1850
rattlesnake1862
sour1862
Collins1865
John Collins1865
split1882
rickey1893
Picon punch1900
stinger1901
Bronx1906
Jack Rose1912
Pimm's1912
orange blossom1919
Americano1928
Merry Widow1930
snowball1930
atomic cocktail1941
Sazarac cocktail1941
grasshopper1949
Bellini1955
saketini1959
wallbanger1970
caipirinha1973
Long Island ice tea1978
Alabama slammer1980
Long Island iced tea1981
1788 F. Burney Diary 5 Nov. (1842) IV. 186 I gave her some camphor julep.
1835 C. Dickens Let. ?Aug. (1965) I. 73 I hope you are well and have taken some Camphor Julep.
camphor oil n.
ΚΠ
1836 Penny Cycl. VI. 204 In that part of the stem [of Dryobalanops Camphora] which should be occupied by the pith it [Borneo camphor] is found along with camphor-oil.
camphor pill n.
camphor posset n.
ΚΠ
1671 A. Behn Amorous Prince iv. iv. 62 To do penance In Champhire Posset, this month.
camphor tree n. (see 2.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > [noun] > characterized by fragrant wood > camphor tree
camphor tree1876
camphor-wood1923
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 577 The leopard..delighteth in the Camphorey tree.
1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 451 The Camphor Tree is a large and handsome tree with evergreen shining leaves.
C2.
camphor-chest n. a clothes-chest containing camphor as a protection against moths.
ΚΠ
1861 H. B. Stowe Pearl of Orr's Island i. viii. 59 That ar shawl your mother keeps in her camfire chist.
1889 R. T. Cooke Steadfast v. 59 Mrs. Dennis was packing away blankets in the camphor chest upstairs.
camphor ice n. U.S. a solid preparation of camphor.
ΚΠ
1880 A. A. Hayes New Colorado xv. 197 In the alkali regions, glycerine, or what is called ‘camphor ice’, should be used on face and hands.
camphor laurel n. Australian (see quots.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Australasian trees > [noun] > other Australasian trees or shrubs
burrawang1826
water gum1826
kaikomako1832
karaka1834
kawa-kawa1838
peppermint1838
bottle tree1844
ngaio1849
Grevillea1853
red birch1853
wooden pear1860
muskwood1866
sugar-tree1866
tulip-tree1866
hop-bush1883
mock orange1884
mountain beech1884
sage tree1884
tile-seed1884
mutton-bird scrub1889
red birch1889
silver-tree1889
whalebone-tree1889
budda1890
camphor laurel1894
pepperbush1895
mustard bush1898
willow myrtle1898
pigeon wood1899
horizontal scrub1909
turkey-bush1911
pandani1923
mock orange1929
1894 Proc. Royal Soc. Queensland 11 23 The identity of the camphor of Cinnamomum oliveri with that of Camphor Laurel was proved by me.
1897 R. T. Baker in Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. Wales XXII. 282 Cinnamomum virens, sp. nov. ‘Wild Camphor Laurel’.
1932 R. H. Anderson Trees New S. Wales 50 Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora). A handsome, dense-topped tree.
1932 R. H. Anderson Trees New S. Wales 127 Cinnamomum virens is sometimes known as the Native Camphor Laurel.
camphor-trunk n. U.S.
ΚΠ
1869 H. B. Stowe Oldtown Folks 34 Mrs. Major had a real Ingy shawl up in her ‘camphire’ trunk.
1895 Cent. Mag. July 323/2 Cedar-chest and camphor-trunk and flowered bandbox have been called upon to disgorge their treasures.
camphor-wood n. the popular name for several trees (including preceding) of the families Dipterocarpaceæ and Lauraceæ, or the wood from these trees, which is fragrant.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > [noun] > characterized by fragrant wood > camphor tree
camphor tree1876
camphor-wood1923
1923 W. Dallimore & A. B. Jackson Handbk. Coniferæ ii. 173 Callitris verrucosa, R. Brown. Turpentine Pine..Camphor Wood; Rock Pine.
1950 C. W. Bond Colonial Timbers 55 In spite of its hardness Borneo camphorwood is pleasant to work.
1950 C. W. Bond Colonial Timbers 63 East African camphorwood is interesting.
1955 World Timbers (Timber Development Assoc.) II. 9 Borneo Camphorwood [Dryobalanops aromatica] should not be confused with East African Camphorwood (Ocotea usambarensis)..nor with true camphorwood (Cinnamomum camphora).
1965 Austral. Encycl. II. 247/2 Camphorwood is the name standardized in the timber trade for the indigenous C[innamomum] oliveri.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

camphorv.

Etymology: < camphor n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈcamphor.
rare.
transitive. To impregnate or wash with camphor; to camphorate.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > perform general or industrial manufacturing processes [verb (transitive)] > treat or impregnate with specific substance
sig1581
camphor1607
water1625
lixiviate1646
camphorate1651
lantifya1652
camphorize1736
liquor1743
bituminate1799
methylate1851
salt1857
poach1873
resinate1891
vaseline1891
1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. iii. sig. Fv Dos euery proud and selfe-affecting Dame Camphire her face for this?

Derivatives

ˈcamphored adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [adjective] > treated with camphor
camphored1562
camphoratea1691
camphorized1736
camphorated1744
1562 P. Whitehorne Certain Waies Orderyng Souldiers f. 28v, in tr. N. Machiavelli Arte of Warre Some moist it..with camphored aqua vitae.
1696 T. Tryon Misc. 2 Camfired Spirit.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 101. ⁋5 Wash-Balls Perfumed, Camphired, and Plain, shall restore Complexions.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2020).
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