单词 | adulterate |
释义 | adulterateadj. Now rare (common in the 16th and 17th centuries; archaic and literary in later use). 1. Debased or made impure by intermixture or admixture; = adulterated adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > [adjective] counterfeitedc1385 counterfeitc1386 trothlessa1393 bastard1397 forged1484 apocryphate1486 adulterate?a1509 mockisha1513 sophisticate1531 adulterine1542 adulterous1547 mock1548 forbate1558 coined1582 firking1594 feigned1598 adulterated1610 apocryphal1612 spurious1615 usurpeda1616 impostured1619 mock-madea1625 suppository1641 affictitious1656 pasteboard1659 sophisticated1673 flam1678 Brummagem1679 sham1681 belieda1718 fictitious1739 Birmingham1785 pinchbeck1790 brummish1803 Brum1805 flash1812 spurious1830 bogus1839 imitative1839 dummy1846 doctored1853 postiche1854 pseudo1854 Brummagemish1855 snide1859 inauthentic1860 fake1879 bum1884 Brummie1886 tin1886 filled1887 duff1889 faked1890 shicec1890 margarine1891 dud1904 Potemkin village1904 mocked-up1919 phoney baloney1936 four-flushing1942 bodgie1956 moody1958 disauthentic1960 bodgied1988 bodgied-up1988 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > [adjective] > mixed with something > adulterated sophisticatec1400 adulterine1542 adulterous1547 corrupted1563 sophistered1567 corrupt1581 carded1596 adultered1603 sophisticated1607 adulterated1610 brackish1611 adulterate1634 sophistical1658 unsincere1664 doctored1784 alloyed1806 filled1887 ?a1509 J. Colet Statute St. Paul's School in R. Potts Liber Cantabrigiensis (1855) 453 All Laten adulterate which ignorant blinde foles brought into this world. 1577 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) I. ii. 66 The tressonabill hamesending of certane fals and adulterate money. 1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 69 Yt wolde be good that Chaucers proper woorkes were distinguyshed from the adulterat. 1622 Rawleigh's Ghost 237 Many false and adulterate miracles. 1634 W. Habington Castara ii. 52 That adult'rate wine Which makes the zeale of Amsterdam divine. ?1637 T. Hobbes tr. Aristotle Briefe Art Rhetorique i. xvi. 59 The Judge ought to discerne betweene true and adulterate Justice. a1703 J. Pomfret Poet. Wks. (1833) 113 Adulterate Christs already rise, And dare to' assuage the angry skies. 1724 J. Swift Some Observ. Wood's Half-pence 26 Let England be satisfied..and..keep their Adulterate Copper at Home. ?1833 H. Coleridge Poems II. 387 Purge the silver ore adulterate. 1867 A. C. Swinburne Ess. & Stud. 165 If he has not himself burnt a pinch or two of adulterate incense. 1926 Amer. Mercury Mar. 305/1 Comedy, when not adulterate; not, for example, timid, tasteless and middle-class in temper. 1994 W. R. Newman Gehennical Fire ii. 86 The lowly ‘fools & mechanists’ who sold their adulterate remedies to druggists. 2. Of, given to, or resulting from adultery; adulterous in behaviour or origin. Cf. adulterated adj. 1. Also figurative.In early use sometimes as a general term of opprobrium: †sexually corrupt; defiling, or defiled (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > fornication, adultery, or incest > [adjective] > adulterous spouse-breaka1400 wedlock-breaking?a1400 adulterousa1425 adulterine?1533 adulterate1556 adulterated1592 mechal1608 incestuous1632 roving1692 society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > fornication, adultery, or incest > [adjective] > adulterous > in origin adulterate1556 1556 M. Huggarde Displaying of Protestantes (new ed.) Prol. f. 7v As Gyges..committed adulterie with Candaules wyfe,..these adulterate protestantes thought it not sufficient to effeminat the mindes of the simple with their false doctrine [etc.]. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. G5v And so solde the former barren cowe with hir adulterate calfe, for a melche cowe. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iv. iv. 69 The adulterate Hastings. View more context for this quotation 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 163 And so enioyed the adulterate Woman for his wife. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) ii. ii. 143 I am possest with an adulterate blot, My bloud is mingled with the crime of lust. View more context for this quotation 1655 Duchess of Newcastle Worlds Olio 9 Romancy is an adulterate Issue, begot betwixt History and Poetry. 1755 T. Smollett tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote I. iii. v. 68 Not..held as a legitimate member, but some adulterate brood. 1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II i. xlviii. 32 Gore-fac'd Treason sprung from her adulterate joy. a1854 H. Reed Lect. Brit. Poets (1857) viii. 272 The low tastes of a worthless and adulterate generation. 1983 R. Smith in C. R. S. Lenz et al. Woman's Part 203 A newly aroused awareness of her adulterate and incestuous relationship. 2000 M. Neill Putting Hist. to Question (2002) i. v. 135 His [sc. Caliban's] adulterate origin is expressed in the desire..to people the island with his own bastard kind. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). adulteratev. 1. a. transitive. To make impure; to corrupt, debase.Now usually taken as a figurative use of sense 1b. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > forge, falsify [verb (transitive)] forgec1330 counterfeitc1386 feign1484 flamc1500 adulterate?1526 mint1593 fashion1600 fudge1674 sham1699 doctor1750 fake1884 to fake up1885 phoney1940 bodgie1969 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > mix or blend [verb (transitive)] > add as ingredient to a mixture > qualify by admixture > adulterate adulterc1384 feigna1398 sophisticatec1400 infect?1440 counterfeit1495 adulterate?1526 dash1548 falsify1562 elay1573 abuse1574 base1581 corrupt1581 debase1591 adulterize1593 compass1594 sophisticate1604 allay1634 huckster1642 hucksterize1646 cauponize1652 alloy1661 balderdash1674 impurify1693 doctor1726 vitiate1728 sand1851 dope1898 ?1526 J. Fisher Serm. conc. Heretickes sig. D.ivv These heretickes adulterate the worde of god, and make a shewe and a face of their heresie outward. 1533 T. More 2nd Pt. Confut. Tyndals Answere vi. p. ccxxviii The scrypture [they] adulterate and viciate wyth false gloses. 1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. V6v They adulterate their faces. 1673 B. Makin Ess. to revive Antient Educ. Gentlewomen 22 Not truly to adorn, but to adulterate their Bodies. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV i. Introd. 7 The minds of young Students..adulterated and corrupted with false Principes. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 165. ¶1 The present War has..Adulterated our Tongue with strange Words. 1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers ii. iii. 249 Philosophy has been, in all ages, adulterated by hypotheses. 1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. ix. xxxiv. 126 The deceitful workers who had huckstered and adulterated the Word of God. 1978 R. Ellmann Yeats p. xxi Her passion for her adopted country was..adulterated by a fanatical quality which led her..to antisemitism..and..pro-Nazi sympathy. 2006 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 10 Aug. 58/3 What..they want in a judge is a reliable law-detector, one who can recognize law when he sees it and not adulterate it with values of his own. b. transitive. To make (a substance or product) poorer in quality or unusable for its original purpose by adding another substance; (also) to debase by contamination in this way. (Now the most common sense.) ΚΠ 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. xiv. sig. Xivv He that..adulterateth his coyne, with a more base metall. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique vi. xxii. 802 Bastards [sc. a sweet Spanish wine]..seeme to me to be so called bicause they are oftentimes adulterated and falsified with hony. 1727 J. Douglas Suppl. to Descr. Coffee-tree 33 The Practice of adulterating Coffee. 1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 152 They are apt to adulterate the bread sometimes with alum, and also with chalk. 1862 Enquire Within 279 The cayenne of commerce is adulterated with brick-dust. 1959 F. Sondern Brotherhood of Evil v. 87 The ‘importer’ then makes three pounds out of the two by adulterating the original heroin with milk sugar. 1971 Times Lit. Suppl. 12 Feb. 189/2 Flour..was said to be adulterated by things that make..monosodium glutamate sound positively delicious. 2005 Independent on Sunday 29 May (Review Suppl.) 35/3 Scuz-wads who adulterate the drinks of the unwitting. 2. a. transitive. To defile by adultery; to commit adultery with. archaic in later use. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > fornication, adultery, or incest > [verb (transitive)] > defile by adultery adulterate?1550 ?1550 J. Goodale tr. P. Melanchthon Ciuile Nosgay sig. C.ijv The Emperoure Adryan..kylled his Sone, because he had adulterated his Stepmothe[r]. 1613 T. Heywood Siluer Age ii. sig. Fv That durst presume to adulterate Iunoes bed. 1649 J. Milton Tenure of Kings 12 To murder Uriah and adulterate his Wife. 1678 A. Marvell Acct. Growth Popery in Wks. (1875) IV. 257 That..the clergy should, by remaining unmarried, either frustrate human nature if they live chastly, or, if otherwise, adulterate it. 1769 S. Bolton Extinct Peerage Eng. 42 He first adulterated the wife of Francis Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury. 1957 E. Gébler Week in Country 132 He looked as if he had found you adulterating his wife or burning his house down. 2006 J. Gauntlett To grasp Shadow (2007) 7 Perhaps the fact that he was married was the reason they had not become physical lovers. Perhaps the moral sense he had prevented him from adulterating her. b. intransitive. To practise or commit adultery (with someone). Also figurative. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > fornication, adultery, or incest > commit fornication, adultery, or incest [verb (intransitive)] > commit adultery to break (one's) wedlocka1100 to break spousehoodc1175 to break (also spill) (one's) spousal1340 adultera1382 to overgo one's beda1382 vowtrec1475 to break matrimony1530 to break wedlock1530 adulterize1611 adulterate1613 to commit the seventh1874 to play away1987 1613 T. Adams White Deuil 49 Time adulterating with the Harlot Fraud, begot a brood of Nouerints. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. ii. 56 Sh'adulterates hourely with thine Vnckle Iohn. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Vanbrugh Provok'd Wife iii. 28 If I could but catch her Adulterating I might be devorc'd from her. 1860 T. Martin tr. Horace Odes 226 And the turtle-dove adulterate with the falcon and the kite. 1933 Hinterland 9 11 You'd think they were a bunch of racketeers or something! Always cheating the Indians or adulterating with the squaws. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.?a1509v.?1526 |
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