Cambrianadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈkambrɪən/, U.S.

/ˈkæmbriən/

Etymology: < Cambria, variant of Cumbria, latinized derivative of Cymry ( < Old Celtic Combroges ‘compatriots’) Welshmen, or of Cymru Wales. Cumbria and Cambria were originally the same, but were subsequently differentiated: Cambria was regularly applied to Wales by Geoffrey of Monmouth. (Some think that Cymru, a late word, is only a variant of Cymry the name of the people, parallel to the later English use of Wales = Old English Wealas ‘Welshmen’, as the name of their country.)

1. Pertaining to Wales, Welsh; n. a Welshman. With quot. 1627 cf. kim kam, cam adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > Wales > [adjective]

WelshOE

Cambrian1656

South Walian1968

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > Welsh nation > [noun] > native or inhabitant of Wales

WelshmanOE

WelshlOE

West Britona1387

Britain1516

Briton1583

Walesman1591

flannela1616

Taffy1699

leek1725

Cambrian1780

Welsher1857

Welshy1875

South Walian1894

Taff1929

1587 J. Hooker tr. Giraldus Cambrensis Vaticinall Hist. Conquest Ireland i. xxxviii. 24/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II There came vnto him a Welsh or a Camber woman.

1627 W. Sclater Briefe Expos. 2 Thess. 299 Wee, Britans of t'other race, are growne all Camber, Camber: quite changed from the temper of our peaceable fore-fathers.]

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Cambrian, Welch, Brittish.

1780 tr. U. von Troil Lett. on Iceland 211 Among the ancient Cambrians.

1860 All Year Round 11 Aug. 420 Change is too strong even for Cambrian nationality.

2. Geology. A name given by Sedgwick in 1836 to a group or ‘system’ of Palæozoic rocks lying below the Silurian, in Wales and Cumbria.As originally defined, the Silurian of Murchison and Cambrian of Sedgwick, being established in different districts, were found on further investigation to overlap each other; the Cambrian is now generally held to include the Tremadoc slates, Lingula flags, Menevian beds, and Longmynd group, containing the Harlech grits and Llanberis slates; but the Geological Surveyors limit the term to the Longmynd group, while others extend it to include all the Lower Silurian of Murchison (Bala and Llandeilo groups).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > [adjective] > primary or Palaeozoic > Cambrian

Cambrian1842

Albertan1921

1842 H. Miller Old Red Sandstone (ed. 2) xii. 257 The geologist has learnt from Murchison to distinguish the rocks of these two periods,—the lower as those of the Cambrian, the upper as those of the Silurian.

1874 J. Geikie Great Ice Age xvi. 224 In Lewis we get boulders of Cambrian sandstone.

1876 D. Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 6) xi. 193 The Cambrian may vary in composition in different regions.

Draft additions September 2004

Cambrian explosion n. Palaeontology a short episode of intense diversification of marine animal forms apparent from the fossil record of the Cambrian period (including the development of mineralized skeletons in many groups and the appearance of ancestral forms of most modern metazoan phyla) which is dated to about 535 to 525 million years ago; also figurative.

ΚΠ

1964 L. V. Berkner & L. C. Marshall in P. Brancazio & A. Cameron Origin & Evol. Atmospheres & Oceans vi. 117 No advanced precursors to the Cambrian evolutionary explosion should be expected until oxygenic levels presaged the opening of the Cambrian.]

1977 S. J. Gould et al. in Paleobiology 3 25/2 The actual history of life included a preequilibrial phase of rapidly rising diversity; it is called the Cambrian ‘explosion’.

1995 Nature 26 Oct. 682/1 The Cambrian Explosion occurred in a geological moment, and we have reason to believe that all major anatomical designs may have made their evolutionary appearance at that time.

2002 Internat. Rev. Law & Econ. (Nexis) 22 As information production has become more central to our economy, we have seen a ‘Cambrian explosion’ of exclusive private rights in information.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	cambrian
释义	Cambrianadj.n. Brit. /ˈkambrɪən/, U.S. /ˈkæmbriən/ Etymology: < Cambria, variant of Cumbria, latinized derivative of Cymry ( < Old Celtic Combroges ‘compatriots’) Welshmen, or of Cymru Wales. Cumbria and Cambria were originally the same, but were subsequently differentiated: Cambria was regularly applied to Wales by Geoffrey of Monmouth. (Some think that Cymru, a late word, is only a variant of Cymry the name of the people, parallel to the later English use of Wales = Old English Wealas ‘Welshmen’, as the name of their country.) 1. Pertaining to Wales, Welsh; n. a Welshman. With quot. 1627 cf. kim kam, cam adj. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > Wales > [adjective] WelshOE Cambrian1656 South Walian1968 the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > Welsh nation > [noun] > native or inhabitant of Wales WelshmanOE WelshlOE West Britona1387 Britain1516 Briton1583 Walesman1591 flannela1616 Taffy1699 leek1725 Cambrian1780 Welsher1857 Welshy1875 South Walian1894 Taff1929 1587 J. Hooker tr. Giraldus Cambrensis Vaticinall Hist. Conquest Ireland i. xxxviii. 24/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II There came vnto him a Welsh or a Camber woman. 1627 W. Sclater Briefe Expos. 2 Thess. 299 Wee, Britans of t'other race, are growne all Camber, Camber: quite changed from the temper of our peaceable fore-fathers.] 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Cambrian, Welch, Brittish. 1780 tr. U. von Troil Lett. on Iceland 211 Among the ancient Cambrians. 1860 All Year Round 11 Aug. 420 Change is too strong even for Cambrian nationality. 2. Geology. A name given by Sedgwick in 1836 to a group or ‘system’ of Palæozoic rocks lying below the Silurian, in Wales and Cumbria.As originally defined, the Silurian of Murchison and Cambrian of Sedgwick, being established in different districts, were found on further investigation to overlap each other; the Cambrian is now generally held to include the Tremadoc slates, Lingula flags, Menevian beds, and Longmynd group, containing the Harlech grits and Llanberis slates; but the Geological Surveyors limit the term to the Longmynd group, while others extend it to include all the Lower Silurian of Murchison (Bala and Llandeilo groups). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > [adjective] > primary or Palaeozoic > Cambrian Cambrian1842 Albertan1921 1842 H. Miller Old Red Sandstone (ed. 2) xii. 257 The geologist has learnt from Murchison to distinguish the rocks of these two periods,—the lower as those of the Cambrian, the upper as those of the Silurian. 1874 J. Geikie Great Ice Age xvi. 224 In Lewis we get boulders of Cambrian sandstone. 1876 D. Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 6) xi. 193 The Cambrian may vary in composition in different regions. Draft additions September 2004 Cambrian explosion n. Palaeontology a short episode of intense diversification of marine animal forms apparent from the fossil record of the Cambrian period (including the development of mineralized skeletons in many groups and the appearance of ancestral forms of most modern metazoan phyla) which is dated to about 535 to 525 million years ago; also figurative. ΚΠ 1964 L. V. Berkner & L. C. Marshall in P. Brancazio & A. Cameron Origin & Evol. Atmospheres & Oceans vi. 117 No advanced precursors to the Cambrian evolutionary explosion should be expected until oxygenic levels presaged the opening of the Cambrian.] 1977 S. J. Gould et al. in Paleobiology 3 25/2 The actual history of life included a preequilibrial phase of rapidly rising diversity; it is called the Cambrian ‘explosion’. 1995 Nature 26 Oct. 682/1 The Cambrian Explosion occurred in a geological moment, and we have reason to believe that all major anatomical designs may have made their evolutionary appearance at that time. 2002 Internat. Rev. Law & Econ. (Nexis) 22 As information production has become more central to our economy, we have seen a ‘Cambrian explosion’ of exclusive private rights in information. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1656
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