单词 | camber |
释义 | cambern. 1. a. The condition of being slightly arched or convex above. Also concrete a flattened arch. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [noun] > slightly upwards in the middle cambera1618 cambering1758 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > other types of arch bowOE craba1387 cove1511 triumphal arch (arc)a1566 straight arch1663 pointed arch1688 rough arch1693 jack-arch1700 oxi1700 raking arch1711 flat arch1715 scheme-arch1725 counter-arch1726 ox-eye arch1736 surbased dome1763 ogee1800 rising arch1809 sub-arch1811 deaf arch1815 four-centred arch1815 mixed arch1815 Tudor arch1815 camber1823 lancet arch1823 invert1827 platband1828 pier arch1835 ogive1841 scoinson arch1842 segment1845 skew arch1845 drop-arch1848 equilateral arch1848 lancet1848 rear arch1848 straining-arch1848 tierceron1851 shouldered arch1853 archlet1862 segment-arch1887 a1618 [see camber-keeled adj. at Compounds]. 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 220 Camber..the convexity of a beam upon the upper edge, in order to prevent its becoming straight or concave by its own weight, or by the burden it may have to sustain, in course of time. 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 582 Camber; an arch on the top of an aperture, or on the top of a beam; whence Camber-windows, &c. 1867 W. Papworth Gwilt's Encycl. Archit. (rev. ed.) ii. i. 437 If the required rise or camber [in a riveted girder] equals e in the middle in inches. 1881 Times 11 Apr. 10/5 Boatbuilders insist on giving ‘camber’. b. The transverse arch of the surface of a road. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > parts of road > [noun] > surface > arch of surface hogging1860 camber1905 1905 Westm. Gaz. 13 Oct. 2/7 Another suggestion is that the ‘camber’ (i.e., the upward curve) of roadways should be lessened. 1907 Westm. Gaz. 30 July 8/1 The heavy camber of the sides..is the cause of very many mishaps. 1925 Public Opinion 11 Dec. 588/2 Hodge has always allowed his horse to take the top of the camber. c. The curvature of the wings of an aeroplane. Also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > [noun] > plane or aerofoil > wing > curvature camber1910 1910 R. Ferris How it Flies xx. 456 Camber, the distance from the chord of the curve of a surface to the highest point of that curve, measured at right angles to the chord. 1916 H. Barber Aeroplane Speaks 5 I must have a certain chord to make it possible for my Camber (that's curvature) to be just right for the Angle of Incidence. 1935 K. D. Wood Techn. Aerodynamics ii. 52 The shape of the median camber line of the variable-density-tunnel series is nearly the same as for other good airfoils. 1935 K. D. Wood Techn. Aerodynamics ii. 53 The maximum median camber must next be located relative to the line through the leading and trailing edges. d. Automobile Engineering. (See quot. 19592.) ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > steering, suspension, or wheels > road wheel by which steering effected > angle of camber1936 1936 Motor Man. (ed. 29) vii. 121 How a steering head is set to give castor action and camber. 1936 Motor Man. (ed. 29) vii. 121 The point..is thrust forward by the slope or castor angle of the king pin and slightly to one side according to the camber chosen for the wheel and pin. 1959 Motor Man. (ed. 36) v. 102 Each steering swivel..is also given..a camber angle so that its axis, when viewed from the front, meets the road at a point..close to the centre line of the wheel. 1959 Motor 2 Sept. 92/1 Camber (the sideways inclination of the wheel). 2. A piece of timber so bent; a camber-beam. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > roof-beam pan1284 roof-tree1321 wiverc1325 sile1338 wind-beam1374 bindbalkc1425 trave1432 purlin1439 side-waver1451 wind-balk1532 roof beam1551 post1567 crock1570 spercil1570 collar-beam1659 camber1679 top-beam1679 camber-beam1721 jack rafter1736 hammer-beam1823 tie-beam1823 spar-piece1842 viga1844 collar1858 spanner1862 cruck1898 1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ix. Explan. Terms 165 Camber, a peece of Timber cut Arching. 1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 102. 3. ‘The part of a dockyard where cambering is performed, and timber kept. Also, a small dock in the royal yards, for the convenience of loading and discharging timber’ (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.). ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > harbour or port > [noun] > dock > parts of dock camber1885 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > shipyard or boat-yard > [noun] > parts of shipyard or dockyard mast-dock?1686 rigging loft1726 fitting-shop1840 camber1885 shaping-shop1890 fitting-out basin1909 1885 A. Brassey In Trades 403 Just outside the camber, [he] met us in the dockyard steam-launch. Compounds camber-beam n. (see quots.) ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > roof-beam pan1284 roof-tree1321 wiverc1325 sile1338 wind-beam1374 bindbalkc1425 trave1432 purlin1439 side-waver1451 wind-balk1532 roof beam1551 post1567 crock1570 spercil1570 collar-beam1659 camber1679 top-beam1679 camber-beam1721 jack rafter1736 hammer-beam1823 tie-beam1823 spar-piece1842 viga1844 collar1858 spanner1862 cruck1898 1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Camber-beam..is a Beam cut hollow or arching in the middle. 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 129. ΚΠ 1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 32 To know whether she be equally bored, camber, taper, or belbored. camber-keeled adj. (also camber-keel) ΚΠ a1618 W. Raleigh Observ. Royal Navy (1650) 34 It is a great weakening to a ship to have so much weight..at both the ends, and nothing in the Mid-Ship, which causeth them to warpe, and (in the Sea~phrase, and with Marriners) is tearmed Camberkeeld. a1643 W. Monson Naval Tracts iii, in A. Churchill & J. Churchill Coll. Voy. (1704) III. 350/1 It will make the Ship Camberkeel. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Camber-keeled, keel slightly arched upwards in the middle of the length, but not actually hogged. camber-nose n. ‘an aquiline nose’ (Halliwell, who cites ‘Junius’). camber-slip n. ΚΠ 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 388 The Camber-slip is a piece of board of any length or breadth, made convex on one or both edges, and generally something less than an inch in thickness; it is made use of as a rule..When the brick~layer has drawn his arch, he gives the camber-slip to the carpenter. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † camberadj. Obsolete. Curved. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > [adjective] crooked?c1225 roundc1300 ybentc1330 bentc1374 cambera1387 curvate?a1425 curve?a1425 curved?a1425 bowingc1440 crumped1480 bowed1483 bended1495 bowlanda1522 compass?1523 curbed?1541 compassed1551 compassing1576 curvated1598 orbed1598 curving1609 ridgill-backed1611 incurved1623 inflected1646 incurvate1647 curvous1661 incurvated1665 swayed1688 bending1697 circumflex1707 curval1730 sweeping1772 bendy1800 curvatureda1810 curvative1846 hooped1852 swept1903 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 353 (MED) [The Irish] dryueþ his hors wiþ a chambre ȝerde [L. Virgam..cameratam] in þe ouer ende instede of barnacles and of britels of reest. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 1157 (MED) Mak redy..the cambur knyuys [L. cultellos..curvos]. a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) l. 2932 (MED) A rammys..hed theron Ther may be sette, with streght or caumber horn; On either side it may sette on our foon..adoun that thei be born. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021). camberv. 1. intransitive. To be or become slightly arched or curved so that the centre is higher than the ends. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [verb (intransitive)] > be or become slightly curved upwards in middle camber1627 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > part of vessel above water > [verb (intransitive)] > be curved (of deck) camber1627 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > droop at ends or in middle camber1758 hog1777 sag1777 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 6 The Decke doth camber or lie compassing. 1758 J. Robertson in Philos. Trans. 1757 (Royal Soc.) 50 288 Now it so happened, thro' the great weight of the head and stern, that the ship cambered very much. 2. transitive. To bend (a beam, etc.) upwards in the middle; to arch slightly. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [verb (transitive)] > curve upwards slightly in middle camber1852 1852 E. Lomax & T. Gunyon Nicholson's Encycl. Archit. I. 74/2 In all these instances the difficulty may be obviated by cambering the timber upwards. 1867 W. Papworth Gwilt's Encycl. Archit. (rev. ed.) ii. i. 437 It is usual to camber a riveted girder, so that on receiving the permanent load it may become nearly horizontal. 1882 Nature 12 Jan. 247/2 At the centre of the span, where the bottom member has been cambered upwards to a height of 150 feet for navigation purposes. Derivatives ˈcambered adj. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [adjective] > slightly upwards in the middle chambered1480 cambered1627 society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > [adjective] > types of wing flappinga1857 cambered1909 swept-back1914 slotted1921 crustacean1928 cranked1939 unswept1946 variable sweep1954 Gothic1959 ogival1962 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 6 A cambered Decke. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Cambered-deck, the deck..of a ship is said to be cambered, or to lie cambering, when it is higher in the middle of the ship's length, and droops toward the stem and stern. 1878 R. T. H. Bartley tr. P. Topinard Anthropol. ii. vi. 340 With head erect and cambered loins. 1909 Flight 20 Feb. 104/1 Cambered, this term denotes that the plane or wing has a curved transverse section. 1919 Autocar Handbk. (ed. 9) 223 When driving a car on a much-cambered or arched road. 1932 G. M. Boumphrey Story of Wheel 57 His roads were cambered (raised slightly in the middle to throw off water). 1951 W. F. Hilton High-speed Aerodynamics ii. x. 241 The 8% cambered wing would be outside the limits of accuracy at M = 10. 1967 Gloss. Mining Terms (B.S.I.) xi. 6 Cambered girder, a roof bar projecting forward to support the roof beyond the propped area. ˈcambering n. and adj. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [noun] > slightly upwards in the middle cambera1618 cambering1758 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > part of vessel above water > [adjective] > types of deck flush1626 lower deck1709 cambering1758 1758 J. Robertson in Philos. Trans. 1757 (Royal Soc.) 50 292 The resistance of the parts bent by the cambering. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < |
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