| 释义 |
carbunclen. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin carbunculus; French carbucle, charbuncle, carboncle. Etymology: Originally < classical Latin carbunculus (see below); subsequently reinforced by Anglo-Norman carbucle, charbocle, charbokelle, charbokle, charbuchle, charbuncle, charbunkel, Anglo-Norman and Old French carbuncle, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French carboncle, charboncle, Anglo-Norman and Middle French charbucle, Middle French carbocle, carboucle, etc. (French carboncle , carboucle ) large precious stone of a red or fiery colour (11th cent. in Old French in Rashi as karbokle ), boil (13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), carbuncle borne in a shield (c1350 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), malignant pustule of anthrax (1478) < classical Latin carbunculus (live) coal, variety of sandstone, tophus, kind of precious stone, tumour, malignant pustule of anthrax, in post-classical Latin also in heraldry (c1595 in a British source) < carbōn- , carbō piece of charcoal (see carbon n.) + -culus -cle suffix. Compare Old Occitan carboncle large precious stone of a red or fiery colour (12th cent.), malignant pustule of anthrax (1397), Catalan carboncle large precious stone of a red or fiery colour (13th cent.), malignant pustule of anthrax (c1300), Spanish carbonclo (c1250 in sense ‘malignant pustule of anthrax’; earlier as feminine carboncla : 1207 in sense ‘ruby’), carbúnculo (c1275 in sense ‘large precious stone of a red or fiery colour’; also carbunclo (c1280 in the same sense)), carbunco (c1492 in sense ‘large precious stone of a red or fiery colour’), Portuguese carbúnculo large precious stone of a red or fiery colour (14th cent.), malignant pustule of anthrax (16th cent.), Italian carbonchio large precious stone of a red or fiery colour (a1250), malignant pustule of anthrax (a1304). Compare escarbuncle n.Carboncle , carboucle are rare in modern French, in which the usual word is the prefixed form escarboucle escarbuncle n. French forms without -n- perhaps show influence < boucle shield boss (see buckle n.), as these were apparently sometimes decorated with precious stones (see discussion in Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch at carbŭnculus). In Old English a strong masculine; also used with Latin case inflections (compare quot. OE1 at sense 1aα. ). 1. society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > corundum gemstones > [noun] > ruby society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > less identifiable gems > [noun] > red or orange stone society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > garnet > [noun] > varieties of α. eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory (Hatton) (1871) lii. 411 Ðæt bleoh ðæs welhæwnan iacintes bið betera ðonne ðæs blacan carbuncules [OE Corpus Cambr. carbuncules, OE Trin. Cambr. carbunculus]. OE tr. (1995) §8. 228 His brydburas & his heahcleofan ealle wæron eorcnanstanum unionibus & carbunculis þæm gimcynnum swiðast gefrætwode. OE 14 [T]welfta [stan] is carbunculus haten, se is byrnende glede gelic. ?c1335 (a1300) Land of Cokaygne l. 90 in W. Heuser (1904) 147 Þer is..Carbuncle and astiune, Smaragde, lugre and prassiune. 1481 W. Caxton tr. ii. vii. 79 Carboncle, the whiche by nyght..shyneth as a cole brennyng. 1567 J. Maplet f. 5 The Carbuncle..giueth light, but especially in the night season. 1614 W. Raleigh i. i. vii. §10. 113 The Hebrewes..suppose that the Arke was lightened by a Carbuncle. 1642 G. Hughes 22 God will deck them with all precious stones, Saphirs, Agats, and Carbuncles, which spiritualized are his glorious graces. a1691 R. Boyle (1772) I. 790 (R.) There are very learned men, who (plausibly enough) deny that there are any carbuncles or shining stones at all. a1785 R. Glover (1787) I. iv. 143 Carbuncles, gems of native light, Emitting splendour. 1816 P. Cleaveland 296 The carbuncle of the ancients was probably a Garnet. 1866 C. Kingsley I. viii. 201 Golden courtiers and guards, all lighted by a single carbuncle. 1894 F. Y. Powell in O. Elton tr. Introd. p. liii One of his ships has, like the ships in the Chansons de Geste, a carbuncle for a lantern at the masthead. 1912 A. H. Phillips 444 The clear red specimens are the ‘carbuncle’, used as a precious garnet. 1948 R. M. Pearl iii. 145 This style of cutting (cabochon) is itself at times wrongly called carbuncle, but the latter word should be applied only to a red garnet so fashioned. 1997 C. B. Divakaruni 17 Their fingers were laden with rings, amethyst and beryl and carbuncle, and around their necks hung sapphires. society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > less identifiable gems > [noun] > red or orange stone > carbuncle as a substance c1330 (?a1300) (Auch.) p. 524 (MED) Sir Gij gan þe hilt bi-hold..Of charbukel þe pomel. a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. xxxii. 7 A litil iemme of karbuncle in the ournement of gold. 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville (Caxton) v. iii. f. lxxxxiijv This other world whiche thou seest sowen with sterres of Charbouncle. 1667 J. Milton ix. 500 His Head Crested aloft, and Carbuncle his Eyes. View more context for this quotation 1850 R. W. Emerson Swedenborg in iii. 100 If you will have pure carbon, carbuncle, or diamond, to make the brain transparent. 1968 J. J. Ras 249 His pipe which..had a bowl of carbuncle. the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [noun] > excellent person or thing a1350 in G. L. Brook (1968) 31 (MED) Þe myht of þe margarite haueþ þis mai mere; ffor charbocle ich hire ches. a1439 J. Lydgate (Bodl. 263) iii. l. 2309 Charboncle off armys, merour off policie. a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil (1957) i. Prol. 7 Thow peirless perle,..Chosyn charbukkill, cheif flour and cedyr tre. 1702 T. Yalden viii. 21 Behind some Cloud go sneak aside, Your Carbuncles and Rubies hide. 1801 R. Southey I. i. 40 Here self-suspended hangs in air,..The living carbuncle; Sun of the lofty dome, Darkness hath no dominion o'er its beams. 1885 D. B. W. Sladen 170 The picknickers roam in the forest for gum, Which wells from the Wattle in carbuncles clear. society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > other heraldic representations > [noun] > carbuncle c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 159 His sheeld was al of gold so reed And ther Inne was a bores heed A Charbocle [v.r. charbokele, charbokil, charbokel] by his side. c1440 (?a1400) l. 2523 A charebocle in þe cheefe, chawngawnde of hewes. 1557 (Copland) v. ix Griffons of golde in sable charbuncle ye chefe of syluer. 1572 J. Bossewell ii. f. 55v The field is parted per Pale Nebule, Carboncle and Diamonde. 1679 (ed. 5) 72 (table) Common Charges, whereof some are..Precious, as the Diamond, Saphire, Carbuncle, Ruby, &c. 1694 J. Beaumont 34 The King of France pretending likewise a right to Navarre, bears also for that Kingdom, Gules, a Carbuncle noued Or. 1728 E. Chambers Carbuncle, in Heraldry, a Charge, or Bearing, consisting of eight Radii, or Spokes. 1867 C. Boutell 108 Carbuncle, the same as Escarbuncle. 1969 J. Franklyn & J. Tanner 60/2 Carbuncle..a truncated form of escarbuncle (q.v.). 3. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [noun] > a suppuration > abscess > boil a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. lix. 418 A posteme þat hatte antrax, þat Constantyne calliþ carbunculus, for it brenneþ as cole.] ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 24v (MED) Of blode vnloueable..ar gendred alle pusclez crustous fro a carbuncle vnto estiomenum. a1529 J. Skelton (?1530) sig. F.iiv With botches and carbuckyls in care I them knyt. 1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. 16v, in [It] healeth Antrax, called the Carbuncle. 1608 W. Shakespeare vii. 382 A bile, A plague sore, an imbossed carbuncle in my Corrupted bloud. View more context for this quotation a1691 R. Boyle (1772) III. 676 (R.) Which turned to a pestilential carbuncle, that could scarce be cured in a fortnight after. 1722 (Royal Soc.) 32 21 The essential Marks of the true Plague, declared by Buboes, Carbuncles, and gangrenous Inflammations in the Viscera. 1793 W. Rowley III. 144 A carbuncle of the eye is a tubercle in the albuginea, or in the cornea itself. 1859 20 Apr. 8/2 The original complaint of the King of Naples was carbuncle (anthrax). 1940 J. Cannan iii. 65 He had a neglected carbuncle on the left buttock and a discharge from a long-standing abscess in the right ear. 1984 M. J. Taussig (ed. 2) 57 In a boil or carbuncle of the skin..a portion of dense collagen of the dermis may separate as a ‘slough’ and lie free in the pus. 1996 S. Lavery et al. 296/1 A stye is a boil on the eyelash and a group of coalescing boils is called a carbuncle. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > eruption > [noun] > spot of > pimple > caused by drinking ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (Paris) (1971) 92 Þoghe a formycle be a litel flegmon, an euel, corrupte pustle is nouȝt þat þerfore, for it makiþ nouȝt attre in his brekynge oute..Rasis..calleþ hym þe carbuncle. 1652 E. Benlowes i. xx. 4 When our Nose-carbuncles, like Link-boyes, blaze before 'um. 1682 N. O. tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux i. 87 Her Nose, emboss'd with Carbuncles Divine, Before her steps did like a Flam~boy shine. 1709 J. Addison No. 131. ⁋5 The Council for the Brewers had a Face..inflamed..with Carbuncles. 1780 I. xxviii. 116 If one may judge by her scarlet face, and its various carbuncles,..noble blood does not produce the most wholesome-looking flesh in the world. 1830 G. P. R. James I. iv. 62 Sundry carbuncles illuminated his countenance, and gave an air of jollity to a face..not otherwise very amiable. 1869 in S. T. Hammond iii. 66 Well, here comes another customer—see the carbuncles! 1921 16 Aug. 11/6 Those were hard drinking days, as the ruby carbuncle on our commodore's nose testified. a1978 M. Bell (1988) 37 A painted acre of face, a carnival grin, With snouting nostrils, glistening carbuncles. 1984 Prince Charles in 31 May 16/4 What is proposed [as an extension to the National Gallery] is like a monstrous carbuncle on the face of a much-loved and elegant friend. 2002 (Nexis) 30 July a3 Ignorant, old, Prairie male Alliance voters—the kind with nose hairs and carbuncles. the world > the earth > land > landscape > wild or uncultivated land > [noun] > barren land or desert > waterless 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach i. f. 17v Carbuncle, that is ground ouer heated and parched with the Sunne, whiche wyll burne the rootes of what so euer commeth in it. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny I. 503 The hot earth, called..Carbunculus, which vseth to burn the corne sown therupon.] 1750 G. Hughes ix. 255 The Carbuncle. This is a stony or shelly Excrescence, growing hollow upon Rocks, and sometimes upon the Back of a Tortoise-shell... Each Sort is inhabited by a Shell-fish peculiarly. 1775 S. Ward VI. 9 The turkey..has a red fleshy appendix, or carbuncle, resembling a worm, on the upper chap of the bill. 1805 14 368 The description of the carbuncles and the cotyledons [of a cuttle-fish]. a1869 R. Leighton (1875) 172 Patriarchal crows With big white carbuncles on their nose. 1937 A. H. Verrill 273 Muscovy Duck... They are all recognizable by the warty red carbuncles or ‘wattles’ about the bill and head. Compounds1656 in J. Phillips i. 47 A Carbuncle face Saves a tedious race:..let's drink till our noses Give freedom to speak what our fancie disposes. 1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in (rev. ed.) 928 Their sting..causeth a carbuncle tumor. 1699 B. E. Carbuncle-Face, very Red and full of large Pimples. 1710 No. 260. ⁋7 A Carbuncle Nose likewise bore an excessive Rate. 1796 R. Bage II. xv. 103 All victims of gout, save one, hitherto preserved by a true carbuncle face. 1862 W. Collins III. xiii. 52 Inside the casket reposed on old-fashioned carbuncle brooch, set in silver. 1864 17 Mar. A carbuncle ring on his finger. 1877 A. Trollope (Detroit ed.) xiv. 72 Nickem winked again and put his forefinger to the side of his big carbuncle nose. C2. c1300*Charbugleston [see sense 1aβ. ]. c1540 (?a1400) (2002) f. 50 Chaundelers full chefe & charbokill stones. a1681 W. Lilly (1715) 86 The King had a very large and fair Carbuncle Stone usually set in his Hat. 1874 A. O'Shaughnessy 36 Amethyst and jet, Topaz and jasper, and carbuncle stone. 1936 51 1057 Now I have lost a pretty carbuncle stone, Sparkling and bright as the rays of the morning sun. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  n.eOE |
