adrenaladj.n.

Brit.

/əˈdriːnl/, U.S.

/əˈdrin(ə)l/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ad- prefix, renal adj.

Etymology: < ad- prefix + renal adj. Compare earlier suprarenal adj.

Anatomy and Zoology.

A. adj.

1. Designating an endocrine gland situated close to the kidney (typically near the upper or anterior pole), composed of two different types of tissue, one producing steroid hormones and the other catecholamines (now usually in adrenal gland); = suprarenal adj. 1.The earlier name suprarenal gland does not accurately describe the position of this gland (frequently on the inner aspect of the anterior pole of the kidney) in many animals.In mammals, the tissues of the adrenal gland are divided into distinct regions, the cortex and the medulla (see Compounds); in birds and reptiles the two types of tissue may be intermingled. In lower vertebrates both types of tissue are present but are not organized into a single gland.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > kidney

nephritic1580

nephritical1638

renal1656

suprarenal1791

cardiorenal1854

paranephritic1857

adrenal1863

perirenal1867

renovesical1868

perinephritic1877

renopericardial1883

lieno-renal1887

nephric1887

perinephric1890

interrenal1893

paranephric1897

1863 R. Owen Monogr. Aye-aye 42 The adrenal bodies..lay upon the inner and upper ends of the kidneys.

1875 T. H. Huxley & H. N. Martin Course Elem. Biol. xiii. 173 The Adrenal glands are yellow bodies imbedded in the ventral face of the kidney.

1918 Railway Surg. Jrnl. 24 252/1 In his monograph on adrenal disease, Brown-Séquard produced all the symptoms in different animals by the removal of the adrenal capsules.

1950 Sci. News 15 132 The adrenal gland..is readily distinguishable into two parts, the rind or cortex, and the core or medulla.

1986 J. F. Gracey Meat Hygiene (ed. 8) xix. 446/2 Embryonal nephroma is a congenital primary tumour not infrequently seen in cattle usually at the anterior end of the kidney in contact with the adrenal body.

2010 Independent 2 Feb. 14/2 I had brought him to the operating room to remove his right adrenal gland because of an unusual tumour growing inside it called a pheochromocytoma.

2. Of or relating to this gland; supplying or affecting this gland; = suprarenal adj. 2.adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla: see Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > kidney > parts of

atrabiliary1808

suprarenal1828

adrenal1868

glomerular1885

aglomerular1928

juxtaglomerular1935

mesangial1941

lacis1961

1868 R. Owen On Anat. Vertebr. III. 569 At the base of the part is a fissure giving issue to the large adrenal vein.

1877 Dublin Jrnl. Med. Sci. 63 266 This it was which first led me to doubt whether, in addition to the indubitable renal disease, there was any adrenal complication whatever.

1885 Lancet 14 Mar. 488/2 Dr. Jurgens showed specimens obtained from two cases of Addison's disease. One exhibited the typical characters of the adrenal affection.

1912 S. Vincent Internal Secretion & Ductless Glands xi. 208 Rolleston refers to cases of chronic adrenal inadequacy, or ‘Addisonism’.

1985 M. Parfit South Light (1988) ix. 112 Weddells [sc. Weddell seals] have the largest plasma concentration of adrenal steroids, which may be involved in the ability to tolerate tremendous pressure.

2006 Family Circle Nov. 95/4 Constant stress causes our bodies to make cortisol—an adrenal hormone that increases blood-sugar levels.

B. n.

An adrenal gland.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > kidney > parts of

pelvis1679

renal pelvis1757

suprarenal1798

Malpighian body1842

Malpighian capsule1842

Malpighian tuft1842

Malpighian corpuscle1848

adrenal1863

zona fasciculata1874

zona glomerulosa1874

zona reticularis1874

Bowman's capsule1882

Malpighian pyramid1889

fore-kidney1892

spongiocyte1930

mesangium1934

lacis1961

lacis cell1962

nephron1965

1863 R. Owen Monogr. Aye-aye 45 The adrenals (supra-renal bodies..), proportionally larger than in the larger Quadrumana, correspond in general shape with the kidneys.

1883 Lancet 12 May 829/1 There seems to be no reasonable doubt that the cortical and central parts of the adrenal of higher animals are as widely different in their nature as any two tissues can well be.

1913 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1 Feb. 339/1 Attached to the right kidney, corresponding to the site of the adrenal, was a tumor the size of a watch.

1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxxii. 878 In the Hutchinson syndrome the primary growth is in the left adrenal.

2005 Amer. Jrnl. Hypertension 18 1268/2 Both adrenals were diffusely enlarged.

Compounds

adrenal cortex n. the outer region of the adrenal gland, which is composed of cells of mesodermal origin that synthesize and secrete steroid hormones, including mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids (including cortisol), and androgens.

ΚΠ

1893 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 106 388 Klebs has claimed that following irritation a chromogenic body is stored in the adrenal cortex in increased amount.

1952 Times 5 Sept. 9/4 With continuous œstrogen treatment a reaction quickly set in, that was apparently due to some stimulus to the adrenal cortex.

2008 J. Forleo Health is Simple 172 Amazingly enough, the adrenal cortex is capable of making all the steroid hormones that are made in the body.

adrenal cortical hormone n. any of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex; esp. cortisol or other glucocorticoid.

ΚΠ

1926 Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 78 683 One might think of a store of hormone which becomes exhausted, even some organ which for a limited time can vicariously supply something which takes the place of the adrenal (cortical) hormone.

1965 J. Lee & F. Knowles Animal Hormones iv. 70 The division of adrenal cortical hormones into glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids is a convenient one.

2009 Internat. Jrnl. Impotence Res. 21 207/2 Cortisol.., which is an adrenal cortical hormone, does not show changes in level with aging, but is increased by stress.

adrenal medulla n. the inner region of the adrenal gland, composed of chromaffin cells of neural crest origin that synthesize and secrete the catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline.

ΚΠ

1900 Progressive Med. 1 321 There seems, therefore, to be some reason to believe that there exists a certain relationship between aplasia of the adrenal medulla and the development of hydrocephalus.

1953 A. G. E. Pearse Histochem. i. 5 In 1870 he described the development of a brown colour in certain cells of the adrenal medulla when these were treated with chromic acid.

2007 M. N. Levy & A. J. Pappano Cardiovascular Physiol. (ed. 9) v. 102/1 The adrenal medulla is essentially a component of the autonomic nervous system.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	adrenal
释义	adrenaladj.n. Brit. /əˈdriːnl/, U.S. /əˈdrin(ə)l/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ad- prefix, renal adj. Etymology: < ad- prefix + renal adj. Compare earlier suprarenal adj. Anatomy and Zoology. A. adj. 1. Designating an endocrine gland situated close to the kidney (typically near the upper or anterior pole), composed of two different types of tissue, one producing steroid hormones and the other catecholamines (now usually in adrenal gland); = suprarenal adj. 1.The earlier name suprarenal gland does not accurately describe the position of this gland (frequently on the inner aspect of the anterior pole of the kidney) in many animals.In mammals, the tissues of the adrenal gland are divided into distinct regions, the cortex and the medulla (see Compounds); in birds and reptiles the two types of tissue may be intermingled. In lower vertebrates both types of tissue are present but are not organized into a single gland. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > kidney nephritic1580 nephritical1638 renal1656 suprarenal1791 suprarenal1791 cardiorenal1854 paranephritic1857 adrenal1863 perirenal1867 renovesical1868 perinephritic1877 renopericardial1883 lieno-renal1887 nephric1887 perinephric1890 interrenal1893 paranephric1897 1863 R. Owen Monogr. Aye-aye 42 The adrenal bodies..lay upon the inner and upper ends of the kidneys. 1875 T. H. Huxley & H. N. Martin Course Elem. Biol. xiii. 173 The Adrenal glands are yellow bodies imbedded in the ventral face of the kidney. 1918 Railway Surg. Jrnl. 24 252/1 In his monograph on adrenal disease, Brown-Séquard produced all the symptoms in different animals by the removal of the adrenal capsules. 1950 Sci. News 15 132 The adrenal gland..is readily distinguishable into two parts, the rind or cortex, and the core or medulla. 1986 J. F. Gracey Meat Hygiene (ed. 8) xix. 446/2 Embryonal nephroma is a congenital primary tumour not infrequently seen in cattle usually at the anterior end of the kidney in contact with the adrenal body. 2010 Independent 2 Feb. 14/2 I had brought him to the operating room to remove his right adrenal gland because of an unusual tumour growing inside it called a pheochromocytoma. 2. Of or relating to this gland; supplying or affecting this gland; = suprarenal adj. 2.adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla: see Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > kidney > parts of atrabiliary1808 suprarenal1828 adrenal1868 glomerular1885 aglomerular1928 juxtaglomerular1935 mesangial1941 lacis1961 1868 R. Owen On Anat. Vertebr. III. 569 At the base of the part is a fissure giving issue to the large adrenal vein. 1877 Dublin Jrnl. Med. Sci. 63 266 This it was which first led me to doubt whether, in addition to the indubitable renal disease, there was any adrenal complication whatever. 1885 Lancet 14 Mar. 488/2 Dr. Jurgens showed specimens obtained from two cases of Addison's disease. One exhibited the typical characters of the adrenal affection. 1912 S. Vincent Internal Secretion & Ductless Glands xi. 208 Rolleston refers to cases of chronic adrenal inadequacy, or ‘Addisonism’. 1985 M. Parfit South Light (1988) ix. 112 Weddells [sc. Weddell seals] have the largest plasma concentration of adrenal steroids, which may be involved in the ability to tolerate tremendous pressure. 2006 Family Circle Nov. 95/4 Constant stress causes our bodies to make cortisol—an adrenal hormone that increases blood-sugar levels. B. n. An adrenal gland. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > kidney > parts of pelvis1679 renal pelvis1757 suprarenal1798 Malpighian body1842 Malpighian capsule1842 Malpighian tuft1842 Malpighian corpuscle1848 adrenal1863 zona fasciculata1874 zona glomerulosa1874 zona reticularis1874 Bowman's capsule1882 Malpighian pyramid1889 fore-kidney1892 spongiocyte1930 mesangium1934 lacis1961 lacis cell1962 nephron1965 1863 R. Owen Monogr. Aye-aye 45 The adrenals (supra-renal bodies..), proportionally larger than in the larger Quadrumana, correspond in general shape with the kidneys. 1883 Lancet 12 May 829/1 There seems to be no reasonable doubt that the cortical and central parts of the adrenal of higher animals are as widely different in their nature as any two tissues can well be. 1913 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1 Feb. 339/1 Attached to the right kidney, corresponding to the site of the adrenal, was a tumor the size of a watch. 1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxxii. 878 In the Hutchinson syndrome the primary growth is in the left adrenal. 2005 Amer. Jrnl. Hypertension 18 1268/2 Both adrenals were diffusely enlarged. Compounds adrenal cortex n. the outer region of the adrenal gland, which is composed of cells of mesodermal origin that synthesize and secrete steroid hormones, including mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids (including cortisol), and androgens. ΚΠ 1893 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 106 388 Klebs has claimed that following irritation a chromogenic body is stored in the adrenal cortex in increased amount. 1952 Times 5 Sept. 9/4 With continuous œstrogen treatment a reaction quickly set in, that was apparently due to some stimulus to the adrenal cortex. 2008 J. Forleo Health is Simple 172 Amazingly enough, the adrenal cortex is capable of making all the steroid hormones that are made in the body. adrenal cortical hormone n. any of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex; esp. cortisol or other glucocorticoid. ΚΠ 1926 Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 78 683 One might think of a store of hormone which becomes exhausted, even some organ which for a limited time can vicariously supply something which takes the place of the adrenal (cortical) hormone. 1965 J. Lee & F. Knowles Animal Hormones iv. 70 The division of adrenal cortical hormones into glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids is a convenient one. 2009 Internat. Jrnl. Impotence Res. 21 207/2 Cortisol.., which is an adrenal cortical hormone, does not show changes in level with aging, but is increased by stress. adrenal medulla n. the inner region of the adrenal gland, composed of chromaffin cells of neural crest origin that synthesize and secrete the catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline. ΚΠ 1900 Progressive Med. 1 321 There seems, therefore, to be some reason to believe that there exists a certain relationship between aplasia of the adrenal medulla and the development of hydrocephalus. 1953 A. G. E. Pearse Histochem. i. 5 In 1870 he described the development of a brown colour in certain cells of the adrenal medulla when these were treated with chromic acid. 2007 M. N. Levy & A. J. Pappano Cardiovascular Physiol. (ed. 9) v. 102/1 The adrenal medulla is essentially a component of the autonomic nervous system. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1863
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