carbonyln.
/ˈkɑːbənʌɪl/, /ˈkɑːbənɪl/, U.S. /ˈkɑrbəˌnɪl/ Chemistry.
1. The radical or (in early use) compound CO (carbon monoxide); spec. the divalent group (C=O) present in ketones, aldehydes, and many other organic compounds; a compound containing this group.
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1857 Proc. Royal Soc. 9 490 If we consider urea as a diamine derived from diammonia by the substitution of the diatomic molecule carbonyl (C2O2)″ for 2 equivs. of hydrogen.
1863 tr. C. F. Gerhardt in H. Watts Dict. Chem. vii. 8 Acetyl, C2H3O, may be regarded as a conjugated radicle composed of carbonyl, CO, and methyl, CH3, because acetic acid and its derivatives are capable of splitting up into compounds containing carbonyl, and others containing methyl.
1880 Libr. Universal Knowl. VIII. 493 Carbonic oxide or carbonyle, CO.
1908 W. T. Hall & G. Defren tr. E. Abderhalden Text-bk. Physiol. Chem. ii. 26 The alcoholic group..is changed into carbonyl, CO, and is thus capable of combining with a second molecule of phenyl-hydrazine.
1947 Nature 11 Jan. 68/1 Dislocation of α-hydrogen in glutamic acid can be interpreted as due to reversible condensation of the amino-group with the carbonyl in the prosthetic component of aminopherase to form a prototropic system.
1981 J. W. Buttle et al. Chem. (ed. 4) xxiv. 519 An adjacent alcohol group is oxidized to carbonyl..to give a double phenylhydrazone or osazone.
2006 Environmental Health Perspectives 114 811/3 Partially oxidised hydrocarbons and CHCs (i.e., carbonyls, alcohols, organic acids, epoxides).
2. A complex in which carbon monoxide is bonded to a transition metal atom as a neutral ligand.Earliest in nickel carbonyl: see nickel n. and adj. Compounds 1b(b).
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1889 Proc. Royal Soc. 52 119 Nickel-carbonyl deposits nickel at a red heat.
1891 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 59 607 These figures..make it very probable that the volatile iron compound is iron-tetra-carbonyl, Fe(CO)4, analogous to nickel-tetra-carbonyl, Ni(CO)4.
1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xxviii. 463 Carbon monoxide unites directly with certain metals to form metallic carbonyls, which are readily decomposed again by heat.
1950 N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements II. 1429 Nickel is of course non-valent in the carbonyl Ni(CO)4.
1989 Chem. Brit. 25 1016/2 He worked with his father on metal carbonyls and..opened the field of metal nitrosyls in 1922.
Compounds
C1. General attributive and appositive, esp. in carbonyl compound, carbonyl group, etc. Also in names of compounds, as carbonyl sulphide.Earliest in carbonyl chloride n. at Compounds 2.
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1871 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. (new ed.) xxxv. 381 Carbonyl Chloride..is formed when dry carbonyl and dry chlorine gases are brought together in sunlight.
1905 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 87 185 Reactions involving the addition of metallic hydrogen sulphites [etc.]..to carbonyl groups.
1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) xlv. 671 Unsaturated carbonyl derivatives, e.g. acids, aldehydes, and ketones, also combine with oxygen, yielding ozonides.
1931 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 132 253 Some of the substances we propose to investigate are known to undergo photochemical decomposition, in particular carbonyl sulphide.
1938 C. F. H. Allen & A. H. Blatt in H. Gilman Org. Chem. I. vi. 569 Oximes, hydrazones, and phenylhydrazones are utilized primarily for isolating and identifying carbonyl compounds.
1950 Science 22 Dec. 756/2 A carbonyl group in place of a carboxyl group, as in the peptides, may be sufficient for adjuvant action.
1981 P. Sykes Guidebk. to Mechanism in Org. Chem. (ed. 5) viii. 222 Crossed aldol condensations, where both aldehydes (or other suitable carbonyl compounds) have α-H atoms, are not normally of any preparative value.
1991 Mech. Engin. Sept. 48/2 Burning a mixture of coal, water, and oxygen to produce a synthesis gas made of hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide.
2001 New Scientist 2 June 19/1 An unusual oxopolysaccharide—a sugar with reactive carbonyl groups attached—is responsible.
C2.
carbonyl chloride n. a colourless poisonous gas made by the reaction of chlorine and carbon monoxide in the presence of light or a catalyst, used in chemical synthesis and formerly in chemical warfare; = phosgene n.Formula: COCl2.
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the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic gases > [noun] > phosgene
phosgene1812
carbonyl chloride1869
1869 R. Bridges Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) ii. 168 A pungent, suffocating compound, possessing acid properties, called phosgene gas, or carbonyl chloride.
1940 G. H. J. Adlam & L. S. Price Higher School Certificate Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) xxxvi. 310 Carbonyl chloride reacts with ammonia to form urea.
2001 O. Sacks Uncle Tungsten viii. 89 Phosgene, carbonyl chloride, the terrible poison gas used in the First World War,..had a deceptive scent like new-mown hay.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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