carboniferousadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌkɑːbəˈnɪf(ə)rəs/, U.S.

/ˌkɑrbəˈnɪf(ə)rəs/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: carbon n., -iferous comb. form.

Etymology: < carbon n. + -iferous comb. form. Compare French carbonifère (1831 or earlier).

A. adj.

a. Containing or yielding coal; containing carbon.With reference to rock strata not always distinguishable from (and now largely replaced by) sense A. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > [adjective] > primary or Palaeozoic > carboniferous

carboniferous1799

1799 R. Kirwan Geol. Ess. 290 By carboniferous soils, I mean the various sorts of earth or stone among or under which coal is usually found.

1818 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1 266 The two latter of these divisions belong almost exclusively to the carboniferous strata.

1855 J. C. Smith Harper's Statist. Gazetteer World 1228/2 The high table-lands..abound in calcareous & carboniferous soils, sandstone being very common.

1949 Our Industry (Anglo-Iranian Oil Co.) (ed. 2) iii. 84 The application of intense heat to the heavier hydrocarbons decomposed, or ‘cracked,’ them producing..a carboniferous cokey residue.

1980 Amer. Antiq. 45 585 Contamination by groundwater carrying mobile contaminants from..elsewhere in this carboniferous region.

†b. humorous. Coal-bearing; carrying coals. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > mineral sources > [adjective] > yielding a mineral or metal > coal

coaly1594

coaled1724

coal-bearing1813

anthracitous1823

anthraciferous1833

lignitiferous1859

carboniferous1865

1865 Daily Tel. 20 July There was a set-to between some of the speakers and the coalporters..One speaker suggested..the expulsion of the carboniferous brawlers.

2. Geology. Usually in form Carboniferous. Designating a period of the Palaeozoic era which occurred between about 359 and 299 million years ago, following the Devonian and preceding the Permian, or the system of rocks dating from this period; of or relating to this period, during which many coal deposits were laid down.During the Carboniferous period the first reptiles and seed-bearing plants appeared, there were widespread coral reefs and coal-forming swamp forests, and extensive limestone deposits were formed. Formations from this period in Britain include the coal measures, the Millstone Grit, and the mountain or Carboniferous limestone.In North America the Mississippian corresponds to the Lower Carboniferous period of Europe, and the Pennsylvanian corresponds to the Upper Carboniferous.In earliest use, the Carboniferous series included formations later assigned to the Devonian or Permian periods.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [adjective] > primary or Palaeozoic > carboniferous

carbonaceous1815

carboniferous1822

culmiferous1837

1822 W. D. Conybeare & W. Phillips Outl. Geol. Eng. & Wales iii. 323 It is intended to comprise..an account of the rocks associated together in the districts which afford the principal deposit of fossil-coal... The class of rocks thus constituted will contain not only the great coal-deposit itself, but those of the limestone and sandstone also on which it reposes... The epithet carboniferous is of obvious application to this series.

1841 Trans. Geol. Soc. 6 312 The Pentremites, of which fourteen species are known, are..almost all Carboniferous.

1842 H. Miller Old Red Sandstone (ed. 2) x. 224 During the vastly-extended term of the carboniferous period.

1847 H. Miller First Impressions Eng. i. 15 Deep in the carboniferous ocean.

1900 Geol. Mag. 7 564 On the western shore of Ullswater..a good section has recently been exposed of the basal conglomerates variously ascribed to the Old Red or lowermost Carboniferous age.

1930 W. M. Mann Wild Animals in & out of Zoo xvi. 206 Magnificent in size, armor-plated with great folds of skin, it is as fantastic as the mighty animals of the prehistoric Carboniferous swamps.

1935 Proc. Leeds Philos. & Lit. Soc. (Sci. Section) 3 68 (title) On the carboniferous shark, Petrodus patelliformis.

1967 D. H. Rayner Stratigr. Brit. Isles i. 27 Extending down the centre of England..there are various Carboniferous outcrops whose structures are largely Hercynian in age but which follow older directions.

1978 M. Lambert Fossils 69 The Carboniferous period is often called ‘the age of ferns’.

2001 D. Burnie Kingfisher Illustr. Dinosaur Encycl. 48/3 Palaeothyris and Hylonomus lived in the swampy surroundings of Carboniferous forests.

B. n.

Geology. Usually in form Carboniferous. With the. The Carboniferous period; the system of rocks dating from this time.

ΚΠ

1841 J. Trimmer Pract. Geol. xii. 216 The intercalation of a new system of rocks between the carboniferous and Silurian.

1873 J. W. Dawson Story Earth & Man viii. 201 The crocodilian newts or labyrinthodonts of the Carboniferous.

1915 C. Schuchert Text-bk. Geol. II. xl. 729 A third series..which is referred to the base of the Middle Carboniferous.

1946 H. Woods Palæontol. Invertebr. (ed. 8) 431 Anthracomarti. This is an extinct Order, found in the Old Red Sandstone..and the Carboniferous.

1993 E. N. K. Clarkson Invertebr. Palaeontol. & Evol. (ed. 3) v. 117/2 In the Carboniferous of the west of Ireland..thickets of fasciculate lithostrotionids are found.

2000 C. Tudge Variety of Life ii. xvii. 410 The very first reptiles of all, dating from the Carboniferous, were anapsid.

Compounds

Carboniferous limestone n. Geology an extensive series of limestone strata laid down in the British Isles during the Carboniferous period; limestone occurring in such strata.

ΚΠ

1825 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 115 432 A small valley, surrounded on every side by a ridge of the carboniferous or mountain limestone, except on the S.W.

1851 T. Wright & G. F. Richardson Introd. Geol. (new ed.) i. 6 Lead is chiefly confined to the carboniferous limestone.

1902 H. J. Mackinder Britain & Brit. Seas vi. 80 The Mendip Range..is a complete upfold of carboniferous limestone.

1952 G. H. Dury Map Interpr. xiv. 155 ‘Scratch agriculture’ of this kind..is also known, for instance, from the outcrops of Carboniferous Limestone.

1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 126/2 Hoary rock-rose, H. canum , is plentiful in a few places on Carboniferous limestone in the north and west.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	carboniferous
释义	carboniferousadj.n. Brit. /ˌkɑːbəˈnɪf(ə)rəs/, U.S. /ˌkɑrbəˈnɪf(ə)rəs/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: carbon n., -iferous comb. form. Etymology: < carbon n. + -iferous comb. form. Compare French carbonifère (1831 or earlier). A. adj. 1. a. Containing or yielding coal; containing carbon.With reference to rock strata not always distinguishable from (and now largely replaced by) sense A. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > [adjective] > primary or Palaeozoic > carboniferous carboniferous1799 1799 R. Kirwan Geol. Ess. 290 By carboniferous soils, I mean the various sorts of earth or stone among or under which coal is usually found. 1818 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1 266 The two latter of these divisions belong almost exclusively to the carboniferous strata. 1855 J. C. Smith Harper's Statist. Gazetteer World 1228/2 The high table-lands..abound in calcareous & carboniferous soils, sandstone being very common. 1949 Our Industry (Anglo-Iranian Oil Co.) (ed. 2) iii. 84 The application of intense heat to the heavier hydrocarbons decomposed, or ‘cracked,’ them producing..a carboniferous cokey residue. 1980 Amer. Antiq. 45 585 Contamination by groundwater carrying mobile contaminants from..elsewhere in this carboniferous region. †b. humorous. Coal-bearing; carrying coals. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > mineral sources > [adjective] > yielding a mineral or metal > coal coaly1594 coaled1724 coal-bearing1813 anthracitous1823 anthraciferous1833 lignitiferous1859 carboniferous1865 1865 Daily Tel. 20 July There was a set-to between some of the speakers and the coalporters..One speaker suggested..the expulsion of the carboniferous brawlers. 2. Geology. Usually in form Carboniferous. Designating a period of the Palaeozoic era which occurred between about 359 and 299 million years ago, following the Devonian and preceding the Permian, or the system of rocks dating from this period; of or relating to this period, during which many coal deposits were laid down.During the Carboniferous period the first reptiles and seed-bearing plants appeared, there were widespread coral reefs and coal-forming swamp forests, and extensive limestone deposits were formed. Formations from this period in Britain include the coal measures, the Millstone Grit, and the mountain or Carboniferous limestone.In North America the Mississippian corresponds to the Lower Carboniferous period of Europe, and the Pennsylvanian corresponds to the Upper Carboniferous.In earliest use, the Carboniferous series included formations later assigned to the Devonian or Permian periods. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [adjective] > primary or Palaeozoic > carboniferous carbonaceous1815 carboniferous1822 culmiferous1837 1822 W. D. Conybeare & W. Phillips Outl. Geol. Eng. & Wales iii. 323 It is intended to comprise..an account of the rocks associated together in the districts which afford the principal deposit of fossil-coal... The class of rocks thus constituted will contain not only the great coal-deposit itself, but those of the limestone and sandstone also on which it reposes... The epithet carboniferous is of obvious application to this series. 1841 Trans. Geol. Soc. 6 312 The Pentremites, of which fourteen species are known, are..almost all Carboniferous. 1842 H. Miller Old Red Sandstone (ed. 2) x. 224 During the vastly-extended term of the carboniferous period. 1847 H. Miller First Impressions Eng. i. 15 Deep in the carboniferous ocean. 1900 Geol. Mag. 7 564 On the western shore of Ullswater..a good section has recently been exposed of the basal conglomerates variously ascribed to the Old Red or lowermost Carboniferous age. 1930 W. M. Mann Wild Animals in & out of Zoo xvi. 206 Magnificent in size, armor-plated with great folds of skin, it is as fantastic as the mighty animals of the prehistoric Carboniferous swamps. 1935 Proc. Leeds Philos. & Lit. Soc. (Sci. Section) 3 68 (title) On the carboniferous shark, Petrodus patelliformis. 1967 D. H. Rayner Stratigr. Brit. Isles i. 27 Extending down the centre of England..there are various Carboniferous outcrops whose structures are largely Hercynian in age but which follow older directions. 1978 M. Lambert Fossils 69 The Carboniferous period is often called ‘the age of ferns’. 2001 D. Burnie Kingfisher Illustr. Dinosaur Encycl. 48/3 Palaeothyris and Hylonomus lived in the swampy surroundings of Carboniferous forests. B. n. Geology. Usually in form Carboniferous. With the. The Carboniferous period; the system of rocks dating from this time. ΚΠ 1841 J. Trimmer Pract. Geol. xii. 216 The intercalation of a new system of rocks between the carboniferous and Silurian. 1873 J. W. Dawson Story Earth & Man viii. 201 The crocodilian newts or labyrinthodonts of the Carboniferous. 1915 C. Schuchert Text-bk. Geol. II. xl. 729 A third series..which is referred to the base of the Middle Carboniferous. 1946 H. Woods Palæontol. Invertebr. (ed. 8) 431 Anthracomarti. This is an extinct Order, found in the Old Red Sandstone..and the Carboniferous. 1993 E. N. K. Clarkson Invertebr. Palaeontol. & Evol. (ed. 3) v. 117/2 In the Carboniferous of the west of Ireland..thickets of fasciculate lithostrotionids are found. 2000 C. Tudge Variety of Life ii. xvii. 410 The very first reptiles of all, dating from the Carboniferous, were anapsid. Compounds Carboniferous limestone n. Geology an extensive series of limestone strata laid down in the British Isles during the Carboniferous period; limestone occurring in such strata. ΚΠ 1825 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 115 432 A small valley, surrounded on every side by a ridge of the carboniferous or mountain limestone, except on the S.W. 1851 T. Wright & G. F. Richardson Introd. Geol. (new ed.) i. 6 Lead is chiefly confined to the carboniferous limestone. 1902 H. J. Mackinder Britain & Brit. Seas vi. 80 The Mendip Range..is a complete upfold of carboniferous limestone. 1952 G. H. Dury Map Interpr. xiv. 155 ‘Scratch agriculture’ of this kind..is also known, for instance, from the outcrops of Carboniferous Limestone. 1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 126/2 Hoary rock-rose, H. canum , is plentiful in a few places on Carboniferous limestone in the north and west. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1799
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