carbonicadj.n.

Brit.

/kɑːˈbɒnɪk/, U.S.

/kɑrˈbɑnɪk/

Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: carbon n., -ic suffix; Latin carbōn- , carbō , -ic suffix.

Etymology: < carbon n. or its ultimate etymon classical Latin carbōn-, carbō + -ic suffix, after French carbonique (1787 in the passage translated in quot. 1788 at sense A. 1a).

A. adj.

1. Chemistry.

a. Of or relating to carbon or its compounds; organic. In early use used esp. to form names of compounds of carbon; spec. of tetravalent carbon (cf. carbonous adj. 2). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbon > [adjective]

carbonaceous1788

carbonic1788

carbonous1789

carbonigenous era1844

1788 J. St. John tr. L. B. Guyton de Morveau et al. Method Chym. Nomencl. 57 Carbon or carbonic radical.

1794 J. Hutton Diss. Philos. Light 161 The azotic and carbonic air.

1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 603 It is only in such as possess a..good carbonic earthy matter, that they [sc. potatoes] are enabled to propagate their subterraneous wires.

1823 J. Badcock Domest. Amusem. 152 The vapour from the ley..will penetrate the goods, and operate so subtilely as to disengage the carbonic resin.

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xii. 109 When deposited from solution in carbonic di-sulphide, sulphur crystallizes in the ordinary natural or octahedral form.

1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 107 Dry carbonic anhydride and dry gaseous ammonia combine directly to form carbonic ammonide.

1889 Nature 25 July 312/1 The action of nitric acid on carbonic and nitrogenic compounds.

1990 Omni July 97/3 With a differential scanning calorimeter,..a high-resolution optical microscope, and an advanced gas analyzer,..Rover is a rolling laboratory, capable of finding any carbonic remains or soil microbes.

b. Of or relating to carbon dioxide; caused by or containing carbon dioxide. Cf. carbonic acid n. Now rare.carbonic maceration: see maceration n. 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > chemical processes or reactions > [adjective] > carbonization > impregnated with or containing carbonic acid gas

carbonated1797

carbonic1872

1872 W. Aitken Sci. & Pract. Med. (ed. 6) II. iii. 735 Carbonic narcosis may possibly, in some cases, retard the heart's action.

1882 Cent. Mag. Jan. 385/1 The carbonic moisture of the air eats away the glistening particles of lime, and leaves behind a discolored residuum of clay-dust and iron-oxides.

1920 Mind 29 313 The theories of the nature of sleep are, in fact, numerous. They account for it as..biochemical (e.g., through carbonic self-narcosis).

1983 Science 28 July 48/1 The grains [of coffee] stick together in great masses, and abundant fumes (carbonic gases) fill the ship.

2. Of, or of the nature of, coal, charcoal, or soot. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [adjective]

carbonic1819

anthracitic1824

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [adjective] > coal

coalish1540

coaly1594

carbonaceous1727

carbonose1811

carbonic1819

1819 H. Busk Dessert 421 Come share the heat of our carbonic fire.

1955 Man 55 82/1 A central open fireplace..gave the interior a characteristic ‘black’ appearance through the accumulation of black carbonic matter.

†B. n.

= Carbonaro n. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > Italian politics > [noun] > member of specific association

carbonic1821

Sanfedist1842

1821 Ld. Byron Let. 19 Sept. (1978) VIII. 214 The cause has been the exile of all my fellow Carbonics.

Compounds

carbonic anhydrase n. Biochemistry an enzyme in erythrocytes which catalyses the interconversion of bicarbonate ions and carbon dioxide.

ΚΠ

1932 N. U. Meldrum & F. J. W. Roughton in Jrnl. Physiol. 75 4 P Recently we have succeeded in separating the catalytic system from hæmoglobin... For this new enzyme system we suggest the name Carbonic Anhydrase.

1964 S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) xxi. 309 Further lowering of the tension may be obtained by the systemic administration of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes iv. 42/1 A pseudobranch covered with epithelium is rich in a respiratory substance, carbonic anhydrase.

carbonic anhydride n. now rare = carbon dioxide n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > carbon > [noun] > compounds > carbonic acid gas > systematic name of

carbonic anhydride1862

1862 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 152 167 The oxygen compounds of boron and silicon, which are usually regarded as possessing certain important analogies with carbonic anhydride.

1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 383 The expired air may be cool, and is deficient in carbonic anhydride.

1927 P. K. Reynolds Banana vi. 87 An evaporator, consisting of coils, in which the liquid carbonic anhydride (CO₂) evaporates.

carbonic dioxide n. now rare = carbon dioxide n.

ΚΠ

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. viii. 74 Carbonic dioxide gas is colourless and inodorous, but possesses a slightly acid taste.

1873 J. P. Cooke New Chem. (1874) vi. 143 This aëriform material is now called in chemistry carbonic dioxide.

1934 Econ. Geogr. 10 100/2 Veins filled with limestone, probably the result of the action of water containing carbonic dioxide on basalt.

carbonic oxide n. now historical = carbon monoxide n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > poisonous gas

carbonic oxide1802

poison gas1816

cyanogen1823

carbon monoxide1868

sneeze gas1918

sneezing gas1918

Lewisite1921

sternutator1922

blister gas1936

nausea gas1936

Zyklon1939

harassing agent1968

1802 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. I. ii. iii. 474 Carbonic oxide was discovered by Dr Priestley, but we are indebted to Mr Cruikshank for ascertaining its nature and composition.

1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 105 An inflammable gas, called carbonic oxide, which burns with a blue flame.

1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. ix. 96 Carbonic anhydride is formed first, but is reduced by the red-hot fuel to carbonic oxide, which may be seen burning at the top of the fire with a lambent blue flame.

2000 S. H. Mauskopf in F. L. Holmes & T. H. Levere Instruments & Exper. Hist. Chem. xiii. 362 Noble and Abel secured a greater proportion of CO (carbonic oxide) than did Bunsen and Schischkoff.

carbonic paper n. now historical = carbon paper n. 1; cf. carbonated adj.² 5.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > duplicating processes > [noun] > carbon paper

camp-paper?1790

carbonic paper1808

carbonized paper1850

manifold paper1854

carbon paper1855

carbon1895

1808 S. Napier Let. 14 Nov. in H. A. Bruce Life Gen. Sir William Napier (1864) I. iii. 66 I am enabled to write this with my own hand upon carbonic paper, invented by Wedgwood for taking copies.

1876 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright Telegraphy 289 The rest of the message..is transcribed on the public copy by carbonic paper.

1946 E. R. Curtis Lady Sarah Lennox xix. 314 A most delightful invention of Richard's which enabled her to write him in return with her own hand upon ‘carbonic paper’.

carbonic snow n. now rare = carbon dioxide snow n. at carbon dioxide n. Compounds.

ΚΠ

1838 J. K. Mitchell in Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 22 293 Solid carbonic acid is of a perfect whiteness, and of a soft and spongy texture, very like slightly moistened and aggregated snow... At its formation, the carbonic snow depresses the thermometer to about -85°.

1905 G. M. Gould Dict. New Med. Terms 197/2 A bag filled with carbonic snow at a temperature 176° F. below zero is applied daily for half an hour to the pit of the stomach.

2002 Neuroscience 110 446/2 The cortex was flattened and immediately frozen in carbonic snow.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	carbonic
释义	carbonicadj.n. Brit. /kɑːˈbɒnɪk/, U.S. /kɑrˈbɑnɪk/ Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: carbon n., -ic suffix; Latin carbōn- , carbō , -ic suffix. Etymology: < carbon n. or its ultimate etymon classical Latin carbōn-, carbō + -ic suffix, after French carbonique (1787 in the passage translated in quot. 1788 at sense A. 1a). A. adj. 1. Chemistry. a. Of or relating to carbon or its compounds; organic. In early use used esp. to form names of compounds of carbon; spec. of tetravalent carbon (cf. carbonous adj. 2). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbon > [adjective] carbonaceous1788 carbonic1788 carbonous1789 carbonigenous era1844 1788 J. St. John tr. L. B. Guyton de Morveau et al. Method Chym. Nomencl. 57 Carbon or carbonic radical. 1794 J. Hutton Diss. Philos. Light 161 The azotic and carbonic air. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 603 It is only in such as possess a..good carbonic earthy matter, that they [sc. potatoes] are enabled to propagate their subterraneous wires. 1823 J. Badcock Domest. Amusem. 152 The vapour from the ley..will penetrate the goods, and operate so subtilely as to disengage the carbonic resin. 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xii. 109 When deposited from solution in carbonic di-sulphide, sulphur crystallizes in the ordinary natural or octahedral form. 1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 107 Dry carbonic anhydride and dry gaseous ammonia combine directly to form carbonic ammonide. 1889 Nature 25 July 312/1 The action of nitric acid on carbonic and nitrogenic compounds. 1990 Omni July 97/3 With a differential scanning calorimeter,..a high-resolution optical microscope, and an advanced gas analyzer,..Rover is a rolling laboratory, capable of finding any carbonic remains or soil microbes. b. Of or relating to carbon dioxide; caused by or containing carbon dioxide. Cf. carbonic acid n. Now rare.carbonic maceration: see maceration n. 5. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > chemical processes or reactions > [adjective] > carbonization > impregnated with or containing carbonic acid gas carbonated1797 carbonic1872 1872 W. Aitken Sci. & Pract. Med. (ed. 6) II. iii. 735 Carbonic narcosis may possibly, in some cases, retard the heart's action. 1882 Cent. Mag. Jan. 385/1 The carbonic moisture of the air eats away the glistening particles of lime, and leaves behind a discolored residuum of clay-dust and iron-oxides. 1920 Mind 29 313 The theories of the nature of sleep are, in fact, numerous. They account for it as..biochemical (e.g., through carbonic self-narcosis). 1983 Science 28 July 48/1 The grains [of coffee] stick together in great masses, and abundant fumes (carbonic gases) fill the ship. 2. Of, or of the nature of, coal, charcoal, or soot. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [adjective] carbonic1819 anthracitic1824 the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [adjective] > coal coalish1540 coaly1594 carbonaceous1727 carbonose1811 carbonic1819 1819 H. Busk Dessert 421 Come share the heat of our carbonic fire. 1955 Man 55 82/1 A central open fireplace..gave the interior a characteristic ‘black’ appearance through the accumulation of black carbonic matter. †B. n. = Carbonaro n. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > Italian politics > [noun] > member of specific association carbonic1821 Sanfedist1842 1821 Ld. Byron Let. 19 Sept. (1978) VIII. 214 The cause has been the exile of all my fellow Carbonics. Compounds carbonic anhydrase n. Biochemistry an enzyme in erythrocytes which catalyses the interconversion of bicarbonate ions and carbon dioxide. ΚΠ 1932 N. U. Meldrum & F. J. W. Roughton in Jrnl. Physiol. 75 4 P Recently we have succeeded in separating the catalytic system from hæmoglobin... For this new enzyme system we suggest the name Carbonic Anhydrase. 1964 S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) xxi. 309 Further lowering of the tension may be obtained by the systemic administration of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. 1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes iv. 42/1 A pseudobranch covered with epithelium is rich in a respiratory substance, carbonic anhydrase. carbonic anhydride n. now rare = carbon dioxide n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > carbon > [noun] > compounds > carbonic acid gas > systematic name of carbonic anhydride1862 1862 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 152 167 The oxygen compounds of boron and silicon, which are usually regarded as possessing certain important analogies with carbonic anhydride. 1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 383 The expired air may be cool, and is deficient in carbonic anhydride. 1927 P. K. Reynolds Banana vi. 87 An evaporator, consisting of coils, in which the liquid carbonic anhydride (CO₂) evaporates. carbonic dioxide n. now rare = carbon dioxide n. ΚΠ 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. viii. 74 Carbonic dioxide gas is colourless and inodorous, but possesses a slightly acid taste. 1873 J. P. Cooke New Chem. (1874) vi. 143 This aëriform material is now called in chemistry carbonic dioxide. 1934 Econ. Geogr. 10 100/2 Veins filled with limestone, probably the result of the action of water containing carbonic dioxide on basalt. carbonic oxide n. now historical = carbon monoxide n. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > poisonous gas carbonic oxide1802 poison gas1816 cyanogen1823 carbon monoxide1868 sneeze gas1918 sneezing gas1918 Lewisite1921 sternutator1922 blister gas1936 nausea gas1936 Zyklon1939 harassing agent1968 1802 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. I. ii. iii. 474 Carbonic oxide was discovered by Dr Priestley, but we are indebted to Mr Cruikshank for ascertaining its nature and composition. 1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 105 An inflammable gas, called carbonic oxide, which burns with a blue flame. 1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. ix. 96 Carbonic anhydride is formed first, but is reduced by the red-hot fuel to carbonic oxide, which may be seen burning at the top of the fire with a lambent blue flame. 2000 S. H. Mauskopf in F. L. Holmes & T. H. Levere Instruments & Exper. Hist. Chem. xiii. 362 Noble and Abel secured a greater proportion of CO (carbonic oxide) than did Bunsen and Schischkoff. carbonic paper n. now historical = carbon paper n. 1; cf. carbonated adj.² 5. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > duplicating processes > [noun] > carbon paper camp-paper?1790 carbonic paper1808 carbonized paper1850 manifold paper1854 carbon paper1855 carbon1895 1808 S. Napier Let. 14 Nov. in H. A. Bruce Life Gen. Sir William Napier (1864) I. iii. 66 I am enabled to write this with my own hand upon carbonic paper, invented by Wedgwood for taking copies. 1876 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright Telegraphy 289 The rest of the message..is transcribed on the public copy by carbonic paper. 1946 E. R. Curtis Lady Sarah Lennox xix. 314 A most delightful invention of Richard's which enabled her to write him in return with her own hand upon ‘carbonic paper’. carbonic snow n. now rare = carbon dioxide snow n. at carbon dioxide n. Compounds. ΚΠ 1838 J. K. Mitchell in Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 22 293 Solid carbonic acid is of a perfect whiteness, and of a soft and spongy texture, very like slightly moistened and aggregated snow... At its formation, the carbonic snow depresses the thermometer to about -85°. 1905 G. M. Gould Dict. New Med. Terms 197/2 A bag filled with carbonic snow at a temperature 176° F. below zero is applied daily for half an hour to the pit of the stomach. 2002 Neuroscience 110 446/2 The cortex was flattened and immediately frozen in carbonic snow. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1788
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