callosityn.

Brit.

/kəˈlɒsᵻti/, U.S.

/kəˈlɑsədi/

Forms: Middle English callosite, Middle English calosite, Middle English collositee, 1500s–1600s callositie, 1600s–1700s calosity, 1600s– callosity, 1700s callocity.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French callosité; Latin callōsitāt-, callōsitās.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French callosité, calosité (French callosité) callus, thickened area of the skin (1314 in Old French), hardness (of the skin) (2nd half of the 15th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin callōsitāt-, callōsitās hardening of the skin, in post-classical Latin also (in figurative use) hardness (late 2nd cent. in Tertullian) < callōsus callous adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare Catalan callositat (15th cent.), Spanish callosidad (1493 or earlier), Portuguese calosidade (1836), Italian callosità (13th cent.).

I. Literal uses.

a. An area of abnormally hard or thickened tissue; spec. an area of skin with a thickened horny layer (stratum corneum), typically resulting from repeated friction or pressure; = callus n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > hardening or thickening > hard skin

callositya1400

callus1563

warish1570

brawn1578

calluma1640

callousness1705

warda1825

hoof1888

tylosis1890

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 91 (MED) Euery festre..is heelid..if þat þe calosite [?a1450 BL Add. callosite; L. callositas] be nouȝt to hard.

?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 143^v, in Middle Eng. Dict. at Ivel Leie on þi corrosiue apon þe callosite oþer þe hardenesse oþer þe knot þat alle þat is euyl mowe be mortified.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxii. xxv. 139 Moreover, the said flower [sc. polenta] is good to be laid unto the callosities and cornes of the feet.

1635 A. Read Chirurg. Lect. Tumors & Vlcers 162 Of this manner of tent there is great use, in taking away the callosities of some Fistula's.

1688 A. Pitfield tr. C. Perrault Mem. Nat. Hist. Animals 38 The Callosities of the Knees [of the Dromedary] were six in Number.

1818 Art of preserving Feet 42 A simple Callosity is nothing more than a thickening of the epidermis.

1878 B. Stewart & P. G. Tait Unseen Universe v. 169 Asses..have callosities only on the inner side of the fore legs.

1911 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 11 Mar. 559/1 The gluteal callosities in the baboon were of a more ambiguous kind.

1948 L. E. H. Whitby Nurses' Handbk. Hygiene (ed. 8) viii. 186 Ill-fitting shoes cause callosities, flat foot, and hallux valgus.

1997 B. McCrea et al. S. Afr.: Rough Guide 175 Southern right whales are black and easily recognized from their pale, brownish callosities.

b. The condition (of the skin or other tissue) of being abnormally hardened or thickened; the condition of being callused. Cf. callousness n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > hardening or thickening

callosity?a1425

callousness1634

imperspirability1745

hyperkeratosis1841

scleroderma1873

sclerodermia1873

parakeratosis1885

acanthosis1887

tylosis1890

lichenification1892

sclerœdema1932

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 80^v In goyng aside hider & þider, it haþ many waiez without hardnez & callosite [?c1425 Paris wiþ callosite; L. absque duricie et callositate].

1575 J. Banister Needefull Treat. Chyrurg. sig. Biii They call that vlcer Cauernosum, whose orifice is strict & narrowe,..and like the Cunnie, running many ways, but without callositie or hardenes.

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 4^v (margin) The callositie of the Gowmes serueth some men in stead of teeth.

1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ i. l. 119 If the Flesh about the Ulcer be dry, and sensless, it becomes a callous: and that Hardness is called Callosity.

1745 J. Mitchell in Philos. Trans. 1744–5 (Royal Soc.) 43 108 The Thickness or Callosity of their Skins.

1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic xii. 303 This callosity of the skin may be effected by frequently moistening it with dilute sulphuric acid.

1921 W. J. Highman Dermatology xv. 195 The disease is a familial, often hereditary callosity of the palms and soles, one form of which is indigenous to the Dalmatian Island of Meleda.

2002 V. Forastieri Children at Work ii. iv. 114 Health personnel should be trained to recognize the possible occupational origin of..symptoms they observe, such as..callosity of the hands.

2. Botany. A circumscribed or well-demarcated area of plant tissue that is naturally thicker or harder than the adjacent tissue; esp. a small protuberance on a petal. In early use also: †a gall, burl, or other hardened excrescence on a tree (obsolete); †a callus (callus n. 3) formed by wounding a plant (obsolete).

ΚΠ

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xvi. vii. 460 Sometimes also this Oke engendreth certain hard callosities like Pumish stones [Fr. vne certaine callosité faicte à mode de Pierre ponce; L. pumices].

1721 R. Bradley tr. G. A. Agricola Philos. Treat. Husbandry 167 When all this is well executed, one sees from Month to Month how Roots shoot out from the Cut or Incision: in two or three Months..that Callosity comes to its Perfection.

1807 Trans. Linn. Soc. 8 14 The serratures and the callosities of the Herba in the Gooseberry first indicated to me its affinity.

1845 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 29 If the cutting is prepared at both ends, and laid horizontally in the soil, then at both ends callosities, and ultimately roots, will be formed.

1889 Bull. Misc. Information (Royal Gardens, Kew) No. 28. 110/1 Warrea bidendata... Allied to W. tricolor, but with a longer and narrower lip, having a sharp basal keel, and the disk covered with seriate callosities.

1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 176 In some cases the labellum developed callosities to aid landing.

2010 Kew Bull. 65 29/1 Flowers geminate, the standard petal lacking appendages or callosities.

II. Figurative uses.

†a. Esp. with reference to a person's feelings or character: something likened to a callus in being hard or in creating a barrier, typically as a reaction to repeated injury or damage. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > hard-heartedness > [noun]

crueltyc1230

unfeelingness1398

cruelnessa1400

callum?1440

cruelc1440

crudelity1483

hard-heartedness1577

callosity1614

callousness1653

stony-heartedness1673

callus1683

heartlessness1701

cold-heartedness1850

unsympathy1856

cold-bloodedness1878

inhumanism1907

1614 T. Lodge tr. Seneca Of Consol. to Marcia viii, in tr. Seneca Wks. 715 Thou art very much afflicted, and it seemeth that thy sorrow..hath contracted a callosity [L. callum], and is wholly heardned.

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall v. 77 To weep into stones are fables. Afflictions induce callosities.

1841 C. Otway Sketches in Erris & Tyrawly 178 The feelings must be blunted—callosities must incrust the finer sensations.

1873 Naut. Mag. Jan. 7 Women and children..now went with him in hundreds every voyage; their presence melted down the rugged callosities about his heart that had grown hard by friction with men.

1910 America 21 May 160/2 Her tenderness of conscience, however, has its callosities.

b. An unfeeling or obdurate state of mind; hard-heartedness, callousness. Now somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [noun] > callousness or hard-heartedness

induration1493

indurateness1537

induritness1558

hardenedness1571

stoniness1571

hard-heartedness1577

apathy1603

indolence1603

dedolence1606

flintiness1607

dedolencya1617

searedness1620

callosity1628

indolencya1631

brawnedness1631

calluma1640

atrocity1641

dead-heartedness1642

brawninessa1645

callousness1653

stony-heartedness1673

petrification1678

unsolicitousnessa1683

callus1683

heartlessness1701

petrifaction1722

unreckingness1873

Gradgrindery1920

1628 J. Jackson Ecclesiastes 25 This callosity or hardnesse is not of any meane part..but of the heart it selfe.

1696 C. Ness Compl. Hist. & Myst. Old & New Test. IV. xxix. 195 Oh! The prodigious Callosity and Obduration of these Villains Hearts.

1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man ii. iii. §7. 311 When Men cease to regard God in due measure..they are very apt to relapse into Negligence and Callosity.

1819 W. B. Bayley Let. 18 June in Oriental Herald (1824) 1 App. p. viii/1 The callosity to which the human heart may arrive.

1880 Harper's Mag. June 155/1 Doomed from infancy to feel this cold world's callosity.

1918 W. J. Locke Rough Road xxii. 186 Don't you see that you're breaking a heart which, in spite of its apparent rugosity and callosity, is as tender as a new-made mother's?

1969 C. Glyn Tree i. 15 Surely they must see that from her point of view, it amounted to complete callosity?

2001 R. Hill Dialogues of Dead (2002) xi. 116 Dalziel's apparent callosity in face of murder was, Pascoe hoped, his preferred way of dealing with distress.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	callosity
释义	callosityn. Brit. /kəˈlɒsᵻti/, U.S. /kəˈlɑsədi/ Forms: Middle English callosite, Middle English calosite, Middle English collositee, 1500s–1600s callositie, 1600s–1700s calosity, 1600s– callosity, 1700s callocity. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French callosité; Latin callōsitāt-, callōsitās. Etymology: < (i) Middle French callosité, calosité (French callosité) callus, thickened area of the skin (1314 in Old French), hardness (of the skin) (2nd half of the 15th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin callōsitāt-, callōsitās hardening of the skin, in post-classical Latin also (in figurative use) hardness (late 2nd cent. in Tertullian) < callōsus callous adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare Catalan callositat (15th cent.), Spanish callosidad (1493 or earlier), Portuguese calosidade (1836), Italian callosità (13th cent.). I. Literal uses. 1. a. An area of abnormally hard or thickened tissue; spec. an area of skin with a thickened horny layer (stratum corneum), typically resulting from repeated friction or pressure; = callus n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > hardening or thickening > hard skin callositya1400 callus1563 warish1570 brawn1578 calluma1640 callousness1705 warda1825 hoof1888 tylosis1890 a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 91 (MED) Euery festre..is heelid..if þat þe calosite [?a1450 BL Add. callosite; L. callositas] be nouȝt to hard. ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 143^v, in Middle Eng. Dict. at Ivel Leie on þi corrosiue apon þe callosite oþer þe hardenesse oþer þe knot þat alle þat is euyl mowe be mortified. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxii. xxv. 139 Moreover, the said flower [sc. polenta] is good to be laid unto the callosities and cornes of the feet. 1635 A. Read Chirurg. Lect. Tumors & Vlcers 162 Of this manner of tent there is great use, in taking away the callosities of some Fistula's. 1688 A. Pitfield tr. C. Perrault Mem. Nat. Hist. Animals 38 The Callosities of the Knees [of the Dromedary] were six in Number. 1818 Art of preserving Feet 42 A simple Callosity is nothing more than a thickening of the epidermis. 1878 B. Stewart & P. G. Tait Unseen Universe v. 169 Asses..have callosities only on the inner side of the fore legs. 1911 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 11 Mar. 559/1 The gluteal callosities in the baboon were of a more ambiguous kind. 1948 L. E. H. Whitby Nurses' Handbk. Hygiene (ed. 8) viii. 186 Ill-fitting shoes cause callosities, flat foot, and hallux valgus. 1997 B. McCrea et al. S. Afr.: Rough Guide 175 Southern right whales are black and easily recognized from their pale, brownish callosities. b. The condition (of the skin or other tissue) of being abnormally hardened or thickened; the condition of being callused. Cf. callousness n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > hardening or thickening callosity?a1425 callousness1634 imperspirability1745 hyperkeratosis1841 scleroderma1873 sclerodermia1873 parakeratosis1885 acanthosis1887 tylosis1890 lichenification1892 sclerœdema1932 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 80^v In goyng aside hider & þider, it haþ many waiez without hardnez & callosite [?c1425 Paris wiþ callosite; L. absque duricie et callositate]. 1575 J. Banister Needefull Treat. Chyrurg. sig. Biii They call that vlcer Cauernosum, whose orifice is strict & narrowe,..and like the Cunnie, running many ways, but without callositie or hardenes. 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 4^v (margin) The callositie of the Gowmes serueth some men in stead of teeth. 1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ i. l. 119 If the Flesh about the Ulcer be dry, and sensless, it becomes a callous: and that Hardness is called Callosity. 1745 J. Mitchell in Philos. Trans. 1744–5 (Royal Soc.) 43 108 The Thickness or Callosity of their Skins. 1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic xii. 303 This callosity of the skin may be effected by frequently moistening it with dilute sulphuric acid. 1921 W. J. Highman Dermatology xv. 195 The disease is a familial, often hereditary callosity of the palms and soles, one form of which is indigenous to the Dalmatian Island of Meleda. 2002 V. Forastieri Children at Work ii. iv. 114 Health personnel should be trained to recognize the possible occupational origin of..symptoms they observe, such as..callosity of the hands. 2. Botany. A circumscribed or well-demarcated area of plant tissue that is naturally thicker or harder than the adjacent tissue; esp. a small protuberance on a petal. In early use also: †a gall, burl, or other hardened excrescence on a tree (obsolete); †a callus (callus n. 3) formed by wounding a plant (obsolete). ΚΠ 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xvi. vii. 460 Sometimes also this Oke engendreth certain hard callosities like Pumish stones [Fr. vne certaine callosité faicte à mode de Pierre ponce; L. pumices]. 1721 R. Bradley tr. G. A. Agricola Philos. Treat. Husbandry 167 When all this is well executed, one sees from Month to Month how Roots shoot out from the Cut or Incision: in two or three Months..that Callosity comes to its Perfection. 1807 Trans. Linn. Soc. 8 14 The serratures and the callosities of the Herba in the Gooseberry first indicated to me its affinity. 1845 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 29 If the cutting is prepared at both ends, and laid horizontally in the soil, then at both ends callosities, and ultimately roots, will be formed. 1889 Bull. Misc. Information (Royal Gardens, Kew) No. 28. 110/1 Warrea bidendata... Allied to W. tricolor, but with a longer and narrower lip, having a sharp basal keel, and the disk covered with seriate callosities. 1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 176 In some cases the labellum developed callosities to aid landing. 2010 Kew Bull. 65 29/1 Flowers geminate, the standard petal lacking appendages or callosities. II. Figurative uses. 3. †a. Esp. with reference to a person's feelings or character: something likened to a callus in being hard or in creating a barrier, typically as a reaction to repeated injury or damage. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > hard-heartedness > [noun] crueltyc1230 unfeelingness1398 cruelnessa1400 callum?1440 cruelc1440 crudelity1483 hard-heartedness1577 callosity1614 callousness1653 stony-heartedness1673 callus1683 heartlessness1701 cold-heartedness1850 unsympathy1856 cold-bloodedness1878 inhumanism1907 1614 T. Lodge tr. Seneca Of Consol. to Marcia viii, in tr. Seneca Wks. 715 Thou art very much afflicted, and it seemeth that thy sorrow..hath contracted a callosity [L. callum], and is wholly heardned. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall v. 77 To weep into stones are fables. Afflictions induce callosities. 1841 C. Otway Sketches in Erris & Tyrawly 178 The feelings must be blunted—callosities must incrust the finer sensations. 1873 Naut. Mag. Jan. 7 Women and children..now went with him in hundreds every voyage; their presence melted down the rugged callosities about his heart that had grown hard by friction with men. 1910 America 21 May 160/2 Her tenderness of conscience, however, has its callosities. b. An unfeeling or obdurate state of mind; hard-heartedness, callousness. Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [noun] > callousness or hard-heartedness induration1493 indurateness1537 induritness1558 hardenedness1571 stoniness1571 hard-heartedness1577 apathy1603 indolence1603 dedolence1606 flintiness1607 dedolencya1617 searedness1620 callosity1628 indolencya1631 brawnedness1631 calluma1640 atrocity1641 dead-heartedness1642 brawninessa1645 callousness1653 stony-heartedness1673 petrification1678 unsolicitousnessa1683 callus1683 heartlessness1701 petrifaction1722 unreckingness1873 Gradgrindery1920 1628 J. Jackson Ecclesiastes 25 This callosity or hardnesse is not of any meane part..but of the heart it selfe. 1696 C. Ness Compl. Hist. & Myst. Old & New Test. IV. xxix. 195 Oh! The prodigious Callosity and Obduration of these Villains Hearts. 1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man ii. iii. §7. 311 When Men cease to regard God in due measure..they are very apt to relapse into Negligence and Callosity. 1819 W. B. Bayley Let. 18 June in Oriental Herald (1824) 1 App. p. viii/1 The callosity to which the human heart may arrive. 1880 Harper's Mag. June 155/1 Doomed from infancy to feel this cold world's callosity. 1918 W. J. Locke Rough Road xxii. 186 Don't you see that you're breaking a heart which, in spite of its apparent rugosity and callosity, is as tender as a new-made mother's? 1969 C. Glyn Tree i. 15 Surely they must see that from her point of view, it amounted to complete callosity? 2001 R. Hill Dialogues of Dead (2002) xi. 116 Dalziel's apparent callosity in face of murder was, Pascoe hoped, his preferred way of dealing with distress. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1400
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