adownadv.prep.

Brit.

/əˈdaʊn/, U.S.

/əˈdaʊn/

Forms:

α. Old English ofdun- (in compounds), Old English ofduna (Northumbrian), Old English ofdune.

β. Old English aduna (rare), Old English advne (rare), Old English–Middle English adun, Old English–Middle English adune, Middle English adon, Middle English adone, Middle English adoune, Middle English adovn, Middle English adovne, Middle English adovnn, Middle English adowen, Middle English adownn, Middle English adownne, Middle English (1700s archaic) adoun, Middle English–1600s adowne, Middle English– adown; Scottish pre-1700 adoune, pre-1700 adovne, pre-1700 adowne, pre-1700 1700s– adown, pre-1700 1800s adoun, 1800s– adoon.

γ. Old English andune, Old English ondun, Old English ondune.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: of prep., down n.¹

Etymology: < of prep. + down n.¹, with the literal meaning ‘from the hill’.With the sense development compare Anglo-Norman and Old French aval downward (c1100, Middle French, French aval ; now chiefly as noun: see aval n.) and its equivalent classical Latin ad vallem , both lit. ‘to the valley’. The β. forms show reduction of the unaccented prefix of- to a- (see a- prefix⁴ and compare a prep.²), already attested for this word in Old English from at least the first half of the 10th cent. The γ. forms (only in Old English of the mid 11th cent. or later) apparently show reanalysis of the first element as a reduced form of on- prefix or on prep. (compare a- prefix³ and a prep.¹). In Old English the word also occurs as a verbal prefix in element-by-element glosses of Latin verbs in dē- de- prefix (although it is difficult to distinguish from use as adverb), as e.g. ofdūne-settan to set down, ofdūne-stīgan (also adūne-stīgan ) to descend. The aphetic form down adv. becomes more common in the Middle English period, especially in prose, but adown survives to the present day, chiefly as an archaic and poetic form, and is now sometimes perceived as a variant or derivative of down adv. (compare a- prefix¹). In early use (and as late as the early 17th cent.) sometimes written as two words. (Word division in Old English and Middle English examples frequently reflects editorial choices of modern editors of texts, rather than the practice of the manuscripts.)

Chiefly poetic. Now rare and archaic.

A. adv.

a. To a lower place or position; downward, down; towards the earth. Frequently with verbs of motion, often those signifying descent, as fall, sink, kneel, etc. (see also at main entries).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [adverb]

adowneOE

downOE

adownwardOE

downwardc1175

pronewise1585

descendingly1614

downwardly1662

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in downward direction

adowneOE

netherwardsOE

shireOE

netherOE

netherwardOE

downOE

adownwardOE

downwardslOE

downwardc1225

downhilla1398

alowc1450

downwith1488

downside1664

dahn1849

α.

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xxxiv. 235 Ða wearð Cain suiðe hrædlice irre, & hnipode ofdune.

OE (Northumbrian) Rushw. Gospels: Luke iv. 9 Si filius dei es mitte te hinc deorsum : gif sunu godes arð asend ðeh hiona uel ðona ofdune [OE Lindisf. aduna, OE West Saxon Gospels: Corpus Cambr. nyþer].

lOE Bounds (Sawyer 310) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1887) II. 74 Of wice rycge ofdune on þone eastenan stream.

β. eOE Junius Psalter cvi. 26 Ascendunt usque ad cælos et descendunt usque ad abyssos : astigað oð heofonas & adune astigað oð neolnessa.OE Ælfric De Temporibus Anni (Cambr. Gg.3.28) (2009) ix. 92 Arcton..ne gæð næfre adune under ðissere eorðan.lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1083 Þa oðre ða dura bræcon þær adune & eodon inn.?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 31 Micel spatel on ceola wyxeþ and syhþ adun on þara lungane.a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 61 Þe engles a-dun follon in to þe þosternesse hellen.c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 920 (MED) An ydel wel..floh on idel þar adune.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6543 Þe hod hongede adun.c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 567 She..caste þe knaue adoun so harde.c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 717 (MED) Eyþer enpeynede him with al ys miȝt to dyngen oþer adoun.c1430 (c1395) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) Prol. l. 198 They styntyn..And knelede a-doun.1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. clxxviii. sig. l1 The brayne fyll adoune vp on the grounde.a1542 T. Wyatt Psalm xxxii. Prol. 191 in Coll. Poems (1969) Sorowfull David..That..Pausid his plaint, and laid adown his harp.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vii. sig. G1^v Thrise did she sinke adowne in deadly swownd.a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1883) II. 66 The walls, vautes,..and windows they razed and teare a down.a1718 T. Parnell Poems Several Occasions (1721) 34 And drops his Limbs adown.1794 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1956) I. 89 He sat adown..amid the most awful part of the Ruins.1808 W. Scott Marmion v. viii. 253 His gorgeous collar hung adown.1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. i. 418 Till the wretch falls adown with whirling brain.1921 W. de la Mare Veil & Other Poems 68 Slow wreathed the grease adown from soot-clogged wick.1969 R. Kelly Common Shore 117 Slipp slennderr skirrt over hipps adown.γ. OE Homily (Tiber. A.iii) in D. G. Scragg Vercelli Homilies & Related Texts (1992) 171 Him mon þonne lete hangian þæt heafod andune niþer þæt him sige þæt blod on ælcere healfe ut þurh þane muþ & þurh þa nosþyrle.OE Old Eng. Martyrol. (Corpus Cambr. 196) 28 Nov. 259 Þa onhylde se halga cnyht hys ansyne on dune and nolde hig na geseon.lOE tr. Alcuin De Virtutibus et Vitiis (Vesp.) in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 99 Stih nu ondun, þæt þu muge þonne asteon up.

†b. figurative. To a lower condition or state. Frequently with verbs indicating placement of a person or thing, as put, set, etc. Obsolete.to bring adown: see bring v. Phrasal verbs 1.

ΚΠ

eOE Royal Psalter xx. 13 Pones eos deorsum : ðu setst hy adune [OE Arundel Psalter ofdune].

OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) 18 (table of contents) Ðæt adune [OE Corpus Cambr. ofdune] asetton of þam biscoprice Winfriðe, Seaxulf his biscoprice onfeng [L. ut deposito Uynfrido Sexuulf episcopatum eius acceperit].

c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (1973) 772 Ȝef me is ileuet..for to leggen ham adun.

a1250 Lofsong Lefdi (Nero) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 205 (MED) Ðet blisfule bern..þuruh his holi passiun werp þene deouel adun.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 9822 Sæxisce men setten us a-dune [c1300 a-doune] & al bi-ræiueden us.

c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) l. 253 (MED) Þous sschall all þi murþe a-doun, Bote þou leue on sire mahoun.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 213 (MED) Iulianus, bisshop of Campania, þat was to forehond i-putte adoun of his bisshopriche.

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xi. l. 94 And with þe pyk putte adoune..Lordes þat lyuen as hem lust.

a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 5418 To bring al this werre a-doun..Without spilling of more bloode.

a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) l. 241 (MED) With his pride he myght set a-downe Rightful kingis & princis of renowne.

1587 J. Higgins Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) Morgan vii. 1 If once I might put her adowne.

a. In a lower place or position.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > low position > [adverb] > lower > in a lower place

adownOE

OE Ælfric De Temporibus Anni (Cambr. Gg.3.28) (2009) ix. 92 On winterlicere tide hi beoð on niht uppe & on dæg adune.

OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iii. xvi. 212 He gehreas in ða dene, seo wæs under þam munte swa feor ofdune, swa man geseon mihte feorst.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 26 Þe þridde tene adun & up o þe elbohen riht to þer eorðe.

c1405 (c1375) G. Chaucer Monk's Tale (Ellesmere) (1872) l. 3654 Al though that Nero were vicius As any feend that lith in helle adoun.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Manciple's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1 Whan Phebus dwelled here in this erthe adoun.

c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame (Fairf. 16) (1878) l. 889 Now see..Yonde adovne Wher that thou knowest any tovne.

?a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 3 (MED) Ley a ston vppon hem to holde hem a-doun.

?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) Prol. l. 66 in Shorter Poems (1967) 12 O may thow myrrour of soles..Ty eury thing adoun respirature [sc. refreshing].

1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Knight's Tale in Fables 593 Ne who most felingly speketh of loue; Ne what haukes sitten on perched aboue, Ne what hounds liggen on the flour adoun.

1863 A. Steel Poems 196 Adoon in yonder glen We'll meet.

1901 Cassell's Mag. 8 417/2 That's old Sile adown in the bush, an' he's crazy bad to ketch an' strangle us.

†b. figurative. In a lower condition or state. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > [adverb] > from prosperous condition > in low condition

adownc1325

alowc1400

at falla1616

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 7721 (MED) Monye heyemen of þe lond in prison he huld strong..& ȝif þat eni him wraþþede, adoun he was anon.

c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 2593 What with Venus & othir oppressioun Of howses that Mars venym is a-doun.

?a1640 J. Day & H. Chettle Blind-beggar (1659) i. sig. B3 Oh good Noble man! that ever, that ever I should see thee thus down, adown!

†3. Aside, away. Frequently in to lay (also put) adown. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > [adverb] > away from some thing or place > away from contact or inclusion

awayeOE

adownlOE

lOE tr. Honorius Augustodunensis Elucidarium in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 141 Hwæt is beo þan mannen þe..gewændeð heora lif to drohtnunga for heora synnen, & þærto nymeð heow & gewæden, & binnen lyttlen fyrste leggeð þa adun, & gewurðeð eft wyrse þone heo ær wæron?

c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (1973) l. 983 (MED) Þet tu of þet þing þet te misþuncheþ underfest þe an half & dustest adun þe oðere.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1020 Þa leodene..leiden adun þene noma [sc. Troye þe Newe] & Trinouant heo nemneden.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 5070 (MED) Whan bordes were born a-doun & burnes hade waschen.

c1430 (c1395) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) Prol. l. 204 Ley thow thyn meknesse al a-doun.

a1500 (?c1440) J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep (Lansd.) l. 285 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 551 (MED) Lat Hors & Sheep ley her bost a-doun.

1594 J. Ogle Lament. Troy sig. F3^v Straight would they learne to put mirth adown.

B. prep.

1. In a descending direction along, upon, or from. Also: along the length of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [preposition] > in a downward direction upon

anovenonOE

adownwardc1275

adowna1350

downc1425

a1350 (?c1225) King Horn (Harl.) (1901) l. 1082 (MED) He þrew him a doun [v.r. ouer] þe brugge.

a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Corpus Cambr. 61) (1894) ii. l. 813 Adown the steyre anon right tho she wente.

1560 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ Zodyake of Lyfe ii. sig. Cvi From hie she raceth hilles adowne.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vii. sig. G2^v [His] scaly tayle was stretcht adowne his back full low.

c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas ii. 478 in Wks. (1898) I. 111 Adoune his shoulders raging spates do spowt.

a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 120 His long black lockes hang shagg'd adowne his shoulder.

1710 A. Philips Pastorals i. 34 To chase the lingring Sun adown the Sky.

1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xvii. 365 Adown his cheek a tear unbidden stole.

1792 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 664 At noon the fisher takes the glen, Adown the burn to steer.

1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II i. lxxxix. 56 Fresh legions pour adown the Pyrenees.

1837 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 11 July in Amer. Notebks. (1972) ii. 42 There is also a beautiful view from the mansion adown the Kennebec.

1880 C. G. D. Roberts Orion 48 Adown the steps they glide To an iron-bolted gateway.

1911 M. Beerbohm Zuleika Dobson xxi. 317 All adown those empty other tables gleamed the undisturbed cutlery.

2. figurative and in figurative contexts. During, over the course of, or after (a period of time); throughout (the course of time).

ΚΠ

1748 J. Simonds in J. Sharp Starry Speculum To Author sig. A2 Let us adown the troubled Stream of Life, Strive to sail calm.

1763 F. Fawkes & W. Woty Poet. Cal. III. 93 Steer Adown the stream of Time.

1783 Scots Mag. May 265/2 Adown the vale of life glide gently on.

1839 J. R. Lowell Threnodia in Knickerbocker May 433/2 He did but float a little way Adown the stream of time.

1849 M. Arnold Strayed Reveller, & Other Poems 80 Adown life's latter days.

1912 J. L. Waugh Robbie Doo vii. 188 I think the feck o' fouk..like to look back adoon the years.

1950 D. L. Marsh Charm of Chapel 19 Inside the corner stone is a bronze box which contains many things which should prove interesting to posterity adown the far-off future.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	adown
释义	adownadv.prep. Brit. /əˈdaʊn/, U.S. /əˈdaʊn/ Forms: α. Old English ofdun- (in compounds), Old English ofduna (Northumbrian), Old English ofdune. β. Old English aduna (rare), Old English advne (rare), Old English–Middle English adun, Old English–Middle English adune, Middle English adon, Middle English adone, Middle English adoune, Middle English adovn, Middle English adovne, Middle English adovnn, Middle English adowen, Middle English adownn, Middle English adownne, Middle English (1700s archaic) adoun, Middle English–1600s adowne, Middle English– adown; Scottish pre-1700 adoune, pre-1700 adovne, pre-1700 adowne, pre-1700 1700s– adown, pre-1700 1800s adoun, 1800s– adoon. γ. Old English andune, Old English ondun, Old English ondune. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: of prep., down n.¹ Etymology: < of prep. + down n.¹, with the literal meaning ‘from the hill’.With the sense development compare Anglo-Norman and Old French aval downward (c1100, Middle French, French aval ; now chiefly as noun: see aval n.) and its equivalent classical Latin ad vallem , both lit. ‘to the valley’. The β. forms show reduction of the unaccented prefix of- to a- (see a- prefix⁴ and compare a prep.²), already attested for this word in Old English from at least the first half of the 10th cent. The γ. forms (only in Old English of the mid 11th cent. or later) apparently show reanalysis of the first element as a reduced form of on- prefix or on prep. (compare a- prefix³ and a prep.¹). In Old English the word also occurs as a verbal prefix in element-by-element glosses of Latin verbs in dē- de- prefix (although it is difficult to distinguish from use as adverb), as e.g. ofdūne-settan to set down, ofdūne-stīgan (also adūne-stīgan ) to descend. The aphetic form down adv. becomes more common in the Middle English period, especially in prose, but adown survives to the present day, chiefly as an archaic and poetic form, and is now sometimes perceived as a variant or derivative of down adv. (compare a- prefix¹). In early use (and as late as the early 17th cent.) sometimes written as two words. (Word division in Old English and Middle English examples frequently reflects editorial choices of modern editors of texts, rather than the practice of the manuscripts.) Chiefly poetic. Now rare and archaic. A. adv. 1. a. To a lower place or position; downward, down; towards the earth. Frequently with verbs of motion, often those signifying descent, as fall, sink, kneel, etc. (see also at main entries). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [adverb] adowneOE downOE adownwardOE downwardc1175 pronewise1585 descendingly1614 downwardly1662 the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in downward direction adowneOE netherwardsOE shireOE netherOE netherOE netherwardOE downOE adownwardOE downwardslOE downwardc1225 downhilla1398 alowc1450 downwith1488 downside1664 dahn1849 α. eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xxxiv. 235 Ða wearð Cain suiðe hrædlice irre, & hnipode ofdune. OE (Northumbrian) Rushw. Gospels: Luke iv. 9 Si filius dei es mitte te hinc deorsum : gif sunu godes arð asend ðeh hiona uel ðona ofdune [OE Lindisf. aduna, OE West Saxon Gospels: Corpus Cambr. nyþer]. lOE Bounds (Sawyer 310) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1887) II. 74 Of wice rycge ofdune on þone eastenan stream. β. eOE Junius Psalter cvi. 26 Ascendunt usque ad cælos et descendunt usque ad abyssos : astigað oð heofonas & adune astigað oð neolnessa.OE Ælfric De Temporibus Anni (Cambr. Gg.3.28) (2009) ix. 92 Arcton..ne gæð næfre adune under ðissere eorðan.lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1083 Þa oðre ða dura bræcon þær adune & eodon inn.?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 31 Micel spatel on ceola wyxeþ and syhþ adun on þara lungane.a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 61 Þe engles a-dun follon in to þe þosternesse hellen.c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 920 (MED) An ydel wel..floh on idel þar adune.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6543 Þe hod hongede adun.c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 567 She..caste þe knaue adoun so harde.c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 717 (MED) Eyþer enpeynede him with al ys miȝt to dyngen oþer adoun.c1430 (c1395) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) Prol. l. 198 They styntyn..And knelede a-doun.1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. clxxviii. sig. l1 The brayne fyll adoune vp on the grounde.a1542 T. Wyatt Psalm xxxii. Prol. 191 in Coll. Poems (1969) Sorowfull David..That..Pausid his plaint, and laid adown his harp.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vii. sig. G1^v Thrise did she sinke adowne in deadly swownd.a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1883) II. 66 The walls, vautes,..and windows they razed and teare a down.a1718 T. Parnell Poems Several Occasions (1721) 34 And drops his Limbs adown.1794 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1956) I. 89 He sat adown..amid the most awful part of the Ruins.1808 W. Scott Marmion v. viii. 253 His gorgeous collar hung adown.1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. i. 418 Till the wretch falls adown with whirling brain.1921 W. de la Mare Veil & Other Poems 68 Slow wreathed the grease adown from soot-clogged wick.1969 R. Kelly Common Shore 117 Slipp slennderr skirrt over hipps adown.γ. OE Homily (Tiber. A.iii) in D. G. Scragg Vercelli Homilies & Related Texts (1992) 171 Him mon þonne lete hangian þæt heafod andune niþer þæt him sige þæt blod on ælcere healfe ut þurh þane muþ & þurh þa nosþyrle.OE Old Eng. Martyrol. (Corpus Cambr. 196) 28 Nov. 259 Þa onhylde se halga cnyht hys ansyne on dune and nolde hig na geseon.lOE tr. Alcuin De Virtutibus et Vitiis (Vesp.) in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 99 Stih nu ondun, þæt þu muge þonne asteon up. †b. figurative. To a lower condition or state. Frequently with verbs indicating placement of a person or thing, as put, set, etc. Obsolete.to bring adown: see bring v. Phrasal verbs 1. ΚΠ eOE Royal Psalter xx. 13 Pones eos deorsum : ðu setst hy adune [OE Arundel Psalter ofdune]. OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) 18 (table of contents) Ðæt adune [OE Corpus Cambr. ofdune] asetton of þam biscoprice Winfriðe, Seaxulf his biscoprice onfeng [L. ut deposito Uynfrido Sexuulf episcopatum eius acceperit]. c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (1973) 772 Ȝef me is ileuet..for to leggen ham adun. a1250 Lofsong Lefdi (Nero) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 205 (MED) Ðet blisfule bern..þuruh his holi passiun werp þene deouel adun. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 9822 Sæxisce men setten us a-dune [c1300 a-doune] & al bi-ræiueden us. c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) l. 253 (MED) Þous sschall all þi murþe a-doun, Bote þou leue on sire mahoun. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 213 (MED) Iulianus, bisshop of Campania, þat was to forehond i-putte adoun of his bisshopriche. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xi. l. 94 And with þe pyk putte adoune..Lordes þat lyuen as hem lust. a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 5418 To bring al this werre a-doun..Without spilling of more bloode. a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) l. 241 (MED) With his pride he myght set a-downe Rightful kingis & princis of renowne. 1587 J. Higgins Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) Morgan vii. 1 If once I might put her adowne. 2. a. In a lower place or position. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > low position > [adverb] > lower > in a lower place adownOE OE Ælfric De Temporibus Anni (Cambr. Gg.3.28) (2009) ix. 92 On winterlicere tide hi beoð on niht uppe & on dæg adune. OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iii. xvi. 212 He gehreas in ða dene, seo wæs under þam munte swa feor ofdune, swa man geseon mihte feorst. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 26 Þe þridde tene adun & up o þe elbohen riht to þer eorðe. c1405 (c1375) G. Chaucer Monk's Tale (Ellesmere) (1872) l. 3654 Al though that Nero were vicius As any feend that lith in helle adoun. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Manciple's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1 Whan Phebus dwelled here in this erthe adoun. c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame (Fairf. 16) (1878) l. 889 Now see..Yonde adovne Wher that thou knowest any tovne. ?a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 3 (MED) Ley a ston vppon hem to holde hem a-doun. ?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) Prol. l. 66 in Shorter Poems (1967) 12 O may thow myrrour of soles..Ty eury thing adoun respirature [sc. refreshing]. 1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Knight's Tale in Fables 593 Ne who most felingly speketh of loue; Ne what haukes sitten on perched aboue, Ne what hounds liggen on the flour adoun. 1863 A. Steel Poems 196 Adoon in yonder glen We'll meet. 1901 Cassell's Mag. 8 417/2 That's old Sile adown in the bush, an' he's crazy bad to ketch an' strangle us. †b. figurative. In a lower condition or state. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > [adverb] > from prosperous condition > in low condition adownc1325 alowc1400 at falla1616 c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 7721 (MED) Monye heyemen of þe lond in prison he huld strong..& ȝif þat eni him wraþþede, adoun he was anon. c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 2593 What with Venus & othir oppressioun Of howses that Mars venym is a-doun. ?a1640 J. Day & H. Chettle Blind-beggar (1659) i. sig. B3 Oh good Noble man! that ever, that ever I should see thee thus down, adown! †3. Aside, away. Frequently in to lay (also put) adown. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > [adverb] > away from some thing or place > away from contact or inclusion awayeOE adownlOE lOE tr. Honorius Augustodunensis Elucidarium in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 141 Hwæt is beo þan mannen þe..gewændeð heora lif to drohtnunga for heora synnen, & þærto nymeð heow & gewæden, & binnen lyttlen fyrste leggeð þa adun, & gewurðeð eft wyrse þone heo ær wæron? c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (1973) l. 983 (MED) Þet tu of þet þing þet te misþuncheþ underfest þe an half & dustest adun þe oðere. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1020 Þa leodene..leiden adun þene noma [sc. Troye þe Newe] & Trinouant heo nemneden. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 5070 (MED) Whan bordes were born a-doun & burnes hade waschen. c1430 (c1395) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) Prol. l. 204 Ley thow thyn meknesse al a-doun. a1500 (?c1440) J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep (Lansd.) l. 285 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 551 (MED) Lat Hors & Sheep ley her bost a-doun. 1594 J. Ogle Lament. Troy sig. F3^v Straight would they learne to put mirth adown. B. prep. 1. In a descending direction along, upon, or from. Also: along the length of. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > specific directions > [preposition] > in a downward direction upon anovenonOE adownwardc1275 adowna1350 downc1425 a1350 (?c1225) King Horn (Harl.) (1901) l. 1082 (MED) He þrew him a doun [v.r. ouer] þe brugge. a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Corpus Cambr. 61) (1894) ii. l. 813 Adown the steyre anon right tho she wente. 1560 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ Zodyake of Lyfe ii. sig. Cvi From hie she raceth hilles adowne. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vii. sig. G2^v [His] scaly tayle was stretcht adowne his back full low. c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas ii. 478 in Wks. (1898) I. 111 Adoune his shoulders raging spates do spowt. a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 120 His long black lockes hang shagg'd adowne his shoulder. 1710 A. Philips Pastorals i. 34 To chase the lingring Sun adown the Sky. 1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xvii. 365 Adown his cheek a tear unbidden stole. 1792 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 664 At noon the fisher takes the glen, Adown the burn to steer. 1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II i. lxxxix. 56 Fresh legions pour adown the Pyrenees. 1837 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 11 July in Amer. Notebks. (1972) ii. 42 There is also a beautiful view from the mansion adown the Kennebec. 1880 C. G. D. Roberts Orion 48 Adown the steps they glide To an iron-bolted gateway. 1911 M. Beerbohm Zuleika Dobson xxi. 317 All adown those empty other tables gleamed the undisturbed cutlery. 2. figurative and in figurative contexts. During, over the course of, or after (a period of time); throughout (the course of time). ΚΠ 1748 J. Simonds in J. Sharp Starry Speculum To Author sig. A2 Let us adown the troubled Stream of Life, Strive to sail calm. 1763 F. Fawkes & W. Woty Poet. Cal. III. 93 Steer Adown the stream of Time. 1783 Scots Mag. May 265/2 Adown the vale of life glide gently on. 1839 J. R. Lowell Threnodia in Knickerbocker May 433/2 He did but float a little way Adown the stream of time. 1849 M. Arnold Strayed Reveller, & Other Poems 80 Adown life's latter days. 1912 J. L. Waugh Robbie Doo vii. 188 I think the feck o' fouk..like to look back adoon the years. 1950 D. L. Marsh Charm of Chapel 19 Inside the corner stone is a bronze box which contains many things which should prove interesting to posterity adown the far-off future. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adv.prep.eOE
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