caliphn.

/ˈkalɪf/

/ˈkeɪlɪf/

Forms: Middle English calyphee, califfe, calyffe(e, Middle English–1600s caliphe, 1500s calipha, 1600s chalif, chaliph, 1600s– calif, 1700s– khalif, caliph.

Etymology: Middle English califfe, caliphe, etc., < French caliphe, calife, < medieval Latin calīpha, < Arabic khalīfah, successor ( < khalafa to succeed, be behind), assumed by Abu-bekr after the death of Muhammad. Later forms attach themselves more directly to the Arabic: scholars now favour Khalîf. The pronunciation with long ā/eɪ/ is not justifiable.

The title given in Muslim countries to the chief civil and religious ruler, as successor of Muhammad.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > other independent rulers > [noun] > caliph

caliph1393

khalifa1728

Commander of the Faithful1840

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 245 Ayein the caliphe of Egipte.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. v. 36 Sahaladyn that toke the Califfe of Egypte and slough him.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. xxi. 230 The Calyphee of Baldah.

1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 633 The Caliphaes of the Sarasins were kings and chiefe bishops.

1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 788 Called by the Calipha and Inhabitants of Caire.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage I. i. xiii. 63 The story of this Bagded or Baldach and her Chalifs [also written chalipha].

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. ii. §3. 239 The state of the Caliphe.

1615 W. Bedwell Arabian Trudgman in tr. Mohammedis Imposturæ sig. L3^v, at Amir One of the Chalifs.

1734 G. Sale Preliminary Disc. viii. 181 in tr. Koran The third Khalif of the race of al Abbâs.

1760 S. Johnson Idler 22 Mar. 89 The Favour of three successive Califs.

1786 S. Henley Notes in tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 213 Caliph..comprehends the concrete character of prophet, priest, and king.

1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. III. xvi. ii. 267 The califs of Bagdad.

1849 W. Irving Mahomet ii He contented himself..with the modest title of Caliph, that is to say, successor, by which the Arab sovereigns have ever since been designated.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	caliph
释义	caliphn. /ˈkalɪf//ˈkeɪlɪf/ Forms: Middle English calyphee, califfe, calyffe(e, Middle English–1600s caliphe, 1500s calipha, 1600s chalif, chaliph, 1600s– calif, 1700s– khalif, caliph. Etymology: Middle English califfe, caliphe, etc., < French caliphe, calife, < medieval Latin calīpha, < Arabic khalīfah, successor ( < khalafa to succeed, be behind), assumed by Abu-bekr after the death of Muhammad. Later forms attach themselves more directly to the Arabic: scholars now favour Khalîf. The pronunciation with long ā/eɪ/ is not justifiable. The title given in Muslim countries to the chief civil and religious ruler, as successor of Muhammad. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > other independent rulers > [noun] > caliph caliph1393 khalifa1728 Commander of the Faithful1840 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 245 Ayein the caliphe of Egipte. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. v. 36 Sahaladyn that toke the Califfe of Egypte and slough him. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. xxi. 230 The Calyphee of Baldah. 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 633 The Caliphaes of the Sarasins were kings and chiefe bishops. 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 788 Called by the Calipha and Inhabitants of Caire. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage I. i. xiii. 63 The story of this Bagded or Baldach and her Chalifs [also written chalipha]. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. ii. §3. 239 The state of the Caliphe. 1615 W. Bedwell Arabian Trudgman in tr. Mohammedis Imposturæ sig. L3^v, at Amir One of the Chalifs. 1734 G. Sale Preliminary Disc. viii. 181 in tr. Koran The third Khalif of the race of al Abbâs. 1760 S. Johnson Idler 22 Mar. 89 The Favour of three successive Califs. 1786 S. Henley Notes in tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 213 Caliph..comprehends the concrete character of prophet, priest, and king. 1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. III. xvi. ii. 267 The califs of Bagdad. 1849 W. Irving Mahomet ii He contented himself..with the modest title of Caliph, that is to say, successor, by which the Arab sovereigns have ever since been designated. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.1393
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