calibrecalibern.

Brit.

/ˈkalᵻbə/,

/kəˈliːbə/, U.S.

/ˈkæləbər/

Forms: Also 1500s–1700s caliver, 1700s calabar, calliber, callibre, caliper, calabre.

Etymology: < French calibre (qualibre in Cotgrave 1611) = Italian calibro , Spanish calibre (Old Spanish also calibo , Diez) of uncertain origin; the Arabic qālib ‘mould for casting metal’, or some cognate derivative of qalaba to turn, has been suggested as the source. See calliper n.(Mahn conjectured as source Latin quâ librâ of what weight?) Calibre and Calliper(s are apparently originally the same word. Several 16th cent. writers assign the same origin to caliver n., the name of a species of harquebus, as if this were derived from arquebuse de calibre, or some similar name. Littré has ‘douze canons de calibre d'empereur (12 cannons of emperor's calibre) pour la batterie’ of 16th cent. The frequent use of caliver in the sense of calibre, in the 16th and 17th centuries, appears to favour this.

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†a. The diameter of a bullet, cannon-ball, or other projectile. Obsolete.

b. Hence, The internal diameter or ‘bore’ of a gun.As the ‘calibre’ of a piece of ordnance determines the weight of the projectile it can throw, phrases like ‘guns of heavy calibre’ often occur in popular use.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > bore > size of bore

calibre1588

height1588

1588 E. Yorke Order Marshalling in J. Strype Stow's Survey of London (1720) II. v. xxxii. 454/2 We had our particular Calibre of Harquebuze... The Prynces..caused 7000 Harquebuzes to be made all of one Calibre.

1594 J. Smythe Certen Instr. Militarie 189 I would that all their bullettes should be of one Caliver.

a1595 J. Smythe Animadversions Capt. Berwick in Grose Mil. Antiq. (1801) 297 A harquebuze and a currier, both..of one caliver heighthe of bullet.

1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Caliber, in Gunnery the heighth of the bore in any peice of Ordnance.

1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Caliver or Caliper, the Bigness, or rather the Diameter of a piece of Ordnance, or any other Fire-arms at the Bore or Mouth.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Calliper, or rather Calibre, the Aperture of a Piece of Artillery, or any other Fire-Arm; or the Diameter of the Mouth of a Cannon, &c. or of the Ball it carries.

1746 Rep. Cond. Sir J. Cope 99 All the Cannon was of the same Caliber, being 1½ Pounders.

1778 Philos. Trans. 1777 (Royal Soc.) 68 65 The bore..was nearly 20½ calibers long.

1803 Duke of Wellington Let. 24 Sept. in Dispatches (1837) II. 327 We..have taken about 60 pieces of cannon..of the largest calibres.

1868 C. B. Norton & W. J. Valentine Rep. Munitions War 47 Mr. Burton's rifle is adapted for central-fire cartridges; calibre 0·577 inch.

1908 C. E. Mulford Orphan xiii. 169 My breech-loading Sharps, ·50 calibre.

1908 C. E. Mulford Orphan 170 It heaves enough lead at one crack to sink a man-of-war, being a ·60 calibre.

1914 Sunday Herald (Boston) 23 Aug. 3/8 The rifle is ·30 calibre—that is the diameter of the bore is thirty one-hundredths of an inch.

c. transferred. The diameter of any body of circular section; esp. the internal diameter of a tube or hollow cylinder; in Physiology chiefly of an artery.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > thickness > [noun] > diameter > of a tubular body

bore1583

calibre1728

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Calliper In Architecture, Calliper, or Calibre, is us'd for the Bulk, Thickness, Volume, or Diameter of any round thing, &c. Thus, they say, these two Columns are of the same Callibre, i. e. the same Diameter.

1764 T. Reid Inq. Human Mind vi. §19 The caliber of these empty tubes.

1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 77/2 If we brace the arteries..we shall find their calibres everywhere diminished.

2. figurative.

†a. Degree of social standing or importance, quality, rank. [The earliest cited sense; probably from French.] Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > [noun] > distinction of class > level or grade

mannishOE

placec1330

state1340

gree1382

conditionc1384

sectc1384

sortc1386

ordera1400

raff?a1400

degreea1425

countenancec1477

faction?1529

estate1530

race1563

calibre1567

being1579

coat1579

rang1580

rank1585

tier1590

classis1597

strain1600

consequence1602

regiment1602

sept1610

standinga1616

class1629

species1629

nome1633

quality1636

sort1671

size1679

situation1710

distinction1721

walk of life1733

walk1737

stage1801

strata1805

grade1808

caste1816

social stratum1838

station1842

stratum1863

echelon1950

1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. vii. Sig. Xiv The forfeiture of the honor of a ladye of equall Calibre [elsewhere spelt calabre] and callinge to mee.

a1649 W. Drummond Skiamachia in Wks. (1711) 199 Sir Henry Vane, or others of such Calibre?

1791 E. Burke Appeal New to Old Whigs 27 Declamations of this kind would rouze him; that he must think that coming from men of their calibre they were highly mischievous.

1870 B. Disraeli Lothair (new ed.) xxviii. 125 The host, with the Duke of Brecon on his right and Lothair on his left, and ‘swells’ of calibre in their vicinity.

b. Degree of personal capacity or ability; ‘weight’ of character; (often with conscious reference to 1). In wider sense: Quality, ‘stamp’, degree of merit or importance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > [noun] > degree of personal ability

calibre1808

the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] > qualities, stuff

conditionsc1374

allaya1456

mettle?1520

stuff1557

alloy1594

wood1594

intrinsical1655

cast1711

calibre1808

timber1906

1808 W. Scott in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1842) i. 9/1 The calibre of this young man's understanding.

1826 J. Gilchrist Lect. 55 We know the Doctor's caliber well enough.

1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days (ed. 3) Pref. p. vi Playing against an eleven of about their own calibre.

1861 J. S. Mill Considerations Representative Govt. vii. 145 Majorities would be compelled to look out for members of a much higher calibre.

3. plural calibers. = callipers at calliper n. 1a.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations, as in calibre-rule, calibre-scale, calibre-compasses, calibre-square. see calliper n.

ΚΠ

1729 G. Shelvocke, Jr. tr. K. Siemienowicz Great Art Artillery i. 1 The Calibre Scale..an Instrument or Ruler..to determine the Weights of all Iron Bullets by their Diameters.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Caliber-rule is an instrument, wherein a right line is so divided, as that the first part being equal to the diameter of an iron or leaden ball of one pound weight, the other parts are to the first, as the diameters of balls of two, three, four, etc., pounds, are to the diameter of a ball of one pound. The caliber is used by engineers, from the weight of the ball given, to determine its diameter, or caliber; or vice versa.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	calibre
释义	calibrecalibern. Brit. /ˈkalᵻbə/, /kəˈliːbə/, U.S. /ˈkæləbər/ Forms: Also 1500s–1700s caliver, 1700s calabar, calliber, callibre, caliper, calabre. Etymology: < French calibre (qualibre in Cotgrave 1611) = Italian calibro , Spanish calibre (Old Spanish also calibo , Diez) of uncertain origin; the Arabic qālib ‘mould for casting metal’, or some cognate derivative of qalaba to turn, has been suggested as the source. See calliper n.(Mahn conjectured as source Latin quâ librâ of what weight?) Calibre and Calliper(s are apparently originally the same word. Several 16th cent. writers assign the same origin to caliver n., the name of a species of harquebus, as if this were derived from arquebuse de calibre, or some similar name. Littré has ‘douze canons de calibre d'empereur (12 cannons of emperor's calibre) pour la batterie’ of 16th cent. The frequent use of caliver in the sense of calibre, in the 16th and 17th centuries, appears to favour this. 1. Thesaurus » Categories » †a. The diameter of a bullet, cannon-ball, or other projectile. Obsolete. b. Hence, The internal diameter or ‘bore’ of a gun.As the ‘calibre’ of a piece of ordnance determines the weight of the projectile it can throw, phrases like ‘guns of heavy calibre’ often occur in popular use. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > bore > size of bore calibre1588 height1588 1588 E. Yorke Order Marshalling in J. Strype Stow's Survey of London (1720) II. v. xxxii. 454/2 We had our particular Calibre of Harquebuze... The Prynces..caused 7000 Harquebuzes to be made all of one Calibre. 1594 J. Smythe Certen Instr. Militarie 189 I would that all their bullettes should be of one Caliver. a1595 J. Smythe Animadversions Capt. Berwick in Grose Mil. Antiq. (1801) 297 A harquebuze and a currier, both..of one caliver heighthe of bullet. 1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Caliber, in Gunnery the heighth of the bore in any peice of Ordnance. 1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Caliver or Caliper, the Bigness, or rather the Diameter of a piece of Ordnance, or any other Fire-arms at the Bore or Mouth. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Calliper, or rather Calibre, the Aperture of a Piece of Artillery, or any other Fire-Arm; or the Diameter of the Mouth of a Cannon, &c. or of the Ball it carries. 1746 Rep. Cond. Sir J. Cope 99 All the Cannon was of the same Caliber, being 1½ Pounders. 1778 Philos. Trans. 1777 (Royal Soc.) 68 65 The bore..was nearly 20½ calibers long. 1803 Duke of Wellington Let. 24 Sept. in Dispatches (1837) II. 327 We..have taken about 60 pieces of cannon..of the largest calibres. 1868 C. B. Norton & W. J. Valentine Rep. Munitions War 47 Mr. Burton's rifle is adapted for central-fire cartridges; calibre 0·577 inch. 1908 C. E. Mulford Orphan xiii. 169 My breech-loading Sharps, ·50 calibre. 1908 C. E. Mulford Orphan 170 It heaves enough lead at one crack to sink a man-of-war, being a ·60 calibre. 1914 Sunday Herald (Boston) 23 Aug. 3/8 The rifle is ·30 calibre—that is the diameter of the bore is thirty one-hundredths of an inch. c. transferred. The diameter of any body of circular section; esp. the internal diameter of a tube or hollow cylinder; in Physiology chiefly of an artery. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > thickness > [noun] > diameter > of a tubular body bore1583 calibre1728 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Calliper In Architecture, Calliper, or Calibre, is us'd for the Bulk, Thickness, Volume, or Diameter of any round thing, &c. Thus, they say, these two Columns are of the same Callibre, i. e. the same Diameter. 1764 T. Reid Inq. Human Mind vi. §19 The caliber of these empty tubes. 1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 77/2 If we brace the arteries..we shall find their calibres everywhere diminished. 2. figurative. †a. Degree of social standing or importance, quality, rank. [The earliest cited sense; probably from French.] Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > [noun] > distinction of class > level or grade mannishOE placec1330 state1340 gree1382 conditionc1384 sectc1384 sortc1386 ordera1400 raff?a1400 degreea1425 countenancec1477 faction?1529 estate1530 race1563 calibre1567 being1579 coat1579 rang1580 rank1585 tier1590 classis1597 strain1600 consequence1602 regiment1602 sept1610 standinga1616 class1629 species1629 nome1633 quality1636 sort1671 size1679 situation1710 distinction1721 walk of life1733 walk1737 stage1801 strata1805 grade1808 caste1816 social stratum1838 station1842 stratum1863 echelon1950 1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. vii. Sig. Xiv The forfeiture of the honor of a ladye of equall Calibre [elsewhere spelt calabre] and callinge to mee. a1649 W. Drummond Skiamachia in Wks. (1711) 199 Sir Henry Vane, or others of such Calibre? 1791 E. Burke Appeal New to Old Whigs 27 Declamations of this kind would rouze him; that he must think that coming from men of their calibre they were highly mischievous. 1870 B. Disraeli Lothair (new ed.) xxviii. 125 The host, with the Duke of Brecon on his right and Lothair on his left, and ‘swells’ of calibre in their vicinity. b. Degree of personal capacity or ability; ‘weight’ of character; (often with conscious reference to 1). In wider sense: Quality, ‘stamp’, degree of merit or importance. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > [noun] > degree of personal ability calibre1808 the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] > qualities, stuff conditionsc1374 allaya1456 mettle?1520 stuff1557 alloy1594 wood1594 intrinsical1655 cast1711 calibre1808 timber1906 1808 W. Scott in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1842) i. 9/1 The calibre of this young man's understanding. 1826 J. Gilchrist Lect. 55 We know the Doctor's caliber well enough. 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days (ed. 3) Pref. p. vi Playing against an eleven of about their own calibre. 1861 J. S. Mill Considerations Representative Govt. vii. 145 Majorities would be compelled to look out for members of a much higher calibre. 3. plural calibers. = callipers at calliper n. 1a. Compounds attributive and in other combinations, as in calibre-rule, calibre-scale, calibre-compasses, calibre-square. see calliper n. ΚΠ 1729 G. Shelvocke, Jr. tr. K. Siemienowicz Great Art Artillery i. 1 The Calibre Scale..an Instrument or Ruler..to determine the Weights of all Iron Bullets by their Diameters. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Caliber-rule is an instrument, wherein a right line is so divided, as that the first part being equal to the diameter of an iron or leaden ball of one pound weight, the other parts are to the first, as the diameters of balls of two, three, four, etc., pounds, are to the diameter of a ball of one pound. The caliber is used by engineers, from the weight of the ball given, to determine its diameter, or caliber; or vice versa. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † calibrecaliberv. /ˈkalɪbə/ Etymology: < calibre n. Compare French calibrer. Obsolete. transitive. To determine the calibre of; to measure with callipers. ΚΠ 1731 in N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II. 1775 in J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Derivatives ˈcalibered adj. ˈcalibred adj. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1567v.1731
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calibrecalibern.

Compounds

† calibrecaliberv.

Derivatives