† againwardadj.adv.

Forms: see again adv., prep., and conj. and -ward suffix; also Old English ongeanwurd.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: again adv., -ward suffix.

Etymology: < again adv. + -ward suffix.With use as adverb compare againwards adv., and discussion at -ward suffix, -wards suffix.

Obsolete.

A. adj.

Coming in the opposite direction to meet a person (with dative). Also: situated in the way, opposite, facing.Only in Old English.

ΚΠ

eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) vi. xxxi. 150 Þa he..him ongeanweard wæs [L. dum ad civile bellum revertitur], þa he gefor on þæm færelte.

OE Ælfric Homily (Paris Lat. 943) in R. Brotanek Texte u. Untersuchungen zur altenglischen Lit. u. Kirchengeschichte (1913) 4 Þa wæs þær sum welig mann ongeanwerd [OE Lamb. 489 ongeanweard] þam hælende.

OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 400 Obuia [quęque] : ongeanwurde uel hendnyssa [OE Digby 146 ongeanwyrdnessa].

B. adv.

1. In the opposite direction. Hence: backwards, away back, back again.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > [adverb] > in the opposite direction

againOE

againwardlOE

againwardslOE

counterc1446

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 963 Fyrst fra Witlesmære eall to þe cynges toll of Norðmannes cros hundred, & eft ongeanward fra Witlesmære þurh Merelade on an to Nen.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 700 (MED) Beali blencte & breid him aȝeinwart bihinden hare schuldren.

c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 631 (MED) Ne con ha neauer mare ifinden nan wei aȝeinwart.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 59 Ower heorte nis nawt on eorðe. for þi ne þurue ȝe nawt deluen dunewardes. ah..driuen hire aȝeinward to deluen þe golthord þet up is in heouene.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13518 Aȝein-ward heo buȝen þa.

a1400 (?a1325) Medit. on Supper of our Lord (Harl.) (1875) l. 1046 (MED) Oftyn aȝenward marye gan loke.

a1400 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Egerton) (1927) l. 317 (MED) Þe see was hye of flood..And when it gan ebbe agaynward, Þe diche was depe.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 343 Sayle Out of Surrye agaynward to Itaille.

a1500 (?a1390) De Solempnitate St. Wenefrede (Gough) in Mirk's Festial (1905) 180 (MED) Boþe his hondys weren aȝeynward, and liyn flat to his armys.

1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 203 As they vnto theyr shyppes agaynwarde flewe.

1634 Malory's Arthur (1816) II. 135 He looked still upon his horse till he saw you come in againward.

1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. Ayenward, back again.

2. Conversely; vice versa.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [adverb] > vice versa

againwardslOE

againward1340

econtrary1512

arsy-versy1542

econverse1547

e contra1548

contrariwise1570

contrair1596

e contrario1599

vice versa1601

backward1607

conversively1607

contrarily1656

convertibly1692

the other way1692

reversely1726

conversely1806

vicey-versey1858

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 49 Of man of þe wordle to wyfman of religioun, oþer ayeanwarde of wyfman of þe wordle to man of religioun.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. iii. vii. 96 Whereeuer þe soule sensibil is, þere is also þe soule vegetabilis, but nouȝt aȝenward.

c1430 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 23/2 The kyngis borowman may hafe batayle of abbotis borowmen..bot nocht agayne warde [L. e converso].

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 19 Ilk synning to þe deþ is an heretik; as aȝen ward a heretik is he þat synniþ to þe deþ.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. xxxvii When the Sun is in the signes septentrionals, their shadowes be toward the parts of the signes meridionals, and so againward.

1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum viii. i. f. 119/1 It could not be sayde, more hot than colde, nor againward.

3. Over again; once more.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > frequency > [adverb] > anew or again

moeOE

of newOE

yetOE

againOE

newlyOE

once morelOE

anewc1305

newa1325

i-gainc1325

againwardc1380

upon new1399

freshlya1413

newlings1440

of the newc1449

afreshc1450

of (also on) fresh1490

for the newc1535

backwardly1552

over againa1568

over1598

de novo1627

all over1811

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > fact of being second > [adverb] > for a second time, again

eftc825

eftersoonsc950

eftsoonc1000

yetOE

againOE

once morelOE

eft-sitha1300

againwardc1380

second1382

secondly1382

once againc1475

secondarilyc1475

secondarly1543

backwardly1552

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1431 Bote ich him aȝeward gete may.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3306 (MED) He hoteþ euery man to þe assaut aȝeward come.

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xx. l. 75 (MED) And þat goþ mor for hus medicine, ich make þe good aȝenwarde.

1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) v. xiv. f. cx Thou shalt eftsones receyue thy body, and ben to hym ayeneward conioined.

?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Gj^v Agaynwarde they ramyfye in to two partyes.

4. In return, in reply, back.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > answer > [adverb]

againOE

i-gainc1325

againwarda1382

at the countertailc1386

in rejoinder1556

responsibly1653

the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > [adverb]

againOE

againwarda1382

back1600

the world > relative properties > relationship > correlation > [adverb] > mutually or reciprocally

againOE

togethersc1175

togethera1375

againwarda1382

changinglya1425

interchangeable1465

interchangeablyc1480

mutually1531

reciprocally?1555

reciproquely1558

intermutually1601

reportingly1611

alternatively1667

mutuously1683

reciprocously1683

interdependently1884

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. viii. 2 Striue thou not with a riche man, lest parauenture aȝenward [L. contra te] he sette strif to thee.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 183 With slenges & magneles þei kast to kyng Richard, Our Cristen bi parcelles kasted ageynward.

c1400 (?c1308) Adam Davy's 5 Dreams (1878) l. 19 (MED) No strook ne ȝaf he aȝeinward.

a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) l. 4492 Of his loue ayenward I am sure.

c1521 T. More in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) I. lxxii. 203 The Lettres agaynward devised and sent by my lord Admirall to her.

1672 Chaucer's Ghoast 13 This Knight Acis was very hot, and she againward also hot him loved onely.

5. On the contrary; on the other hand.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [adverb] > on the contrary

thereagaina1023

here-againc1200

here-againsta1250

contra1362

againwardc1384

otherwisea1393

on the contrary (formerly by, for, in, of, to the contrary, in contrary)1393

thereagainsta1400

in the contrairc1400

in opposite?a1425

e conversoc1425

contrariwise1480

again?1531

contrarilyc1540

contrary1549

per contra1554

contrariways1588

contradistinctly1623

by or to the contrair1640

counter1662

oppositely1681

on the reverse1753

e contra1815

obversely1869

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Gal. ii. 7 But aȝenward [L. e contra]..thei..ȝauen to me and Barnabas the riȝt hondis of felowschip.

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 8053 Bot þe dampned bodyse ogayn-ward Salle in helle fele payns strang and hard.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 371 Where aȝenward, if all this same receit schulde come into the hondis of grete lordis or of knyȝtis, it schulde not be so weel spend.

a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) i. xix. sig. E.v An occasion of merite to, whiche the wealthye man hath not, agaynwarde.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	againward
释义	† againwardadj.adv. Forms: see again adv., prep., and conj. and -ward suffix; also Old English ongeanwurd. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: again adv., -ward suffix. Etymology: < again adv. + -ward suffix.With use as adverb compare againwards adv., and discussion at -ward suffix, -wards suffix. Obsolete. A. adj. Coming in the opposite direction to meet a person (with dative). Also: situated in the way, opposite, facing.Only in Old English. ΚΠ eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) vi. xxxi. 150 Þa he..him ongeanweard wæs [L. dum ad civile bellum revertitur], þa he gefor on þæm færelte. OE Ælfric Homily (Paris Lat. 943) in R. Brotanek Texte u. Untersuchungen zur altenglischen Lit. u. Kirchengeschichte (1913) 4 Þa wæs þær sum welig mann ongeanwerd [OE Lamb. 489 ongeanweard] þam hælende. OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 400 Obuia [quęque] : ongeanwurde uel hendnyssa [OE Digby 146 ongeanwyrdnessa]. B. adv. 1. In the opposite direction. Hence: backwards, away back, back again. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > [adverb] > in the opposite direction againOE againwardlOE againwardslOE counterc1446 lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 963 Fyrst fra Witlesmære eall to þe cynges toll of Norðmannes cros hundred, & eft ongeanward fra Witlesmære þurh Merelade on an to Nen. c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 700 (MED) Beali blencte & breid him aȝeinwart bihinden hare schuldren. c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 631 (MED) Ne con ha neauer mare ifinden nan wei aȝeinwart. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 59 Ower heorte nis nawt on eorðe. for þi ne þurue ȝe nawt deluen dunewardes. ah..driuen hire aȝeinward to deluen þe golthord þet up is in heouene. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13518 Aȝein-ward heo buȝen þa. a1400 (?a1325) Medit. on Supper of our Lord (Harl.) (1875) l. 1046 (MED) Oftyn aȝenward marye gan loke. a1400 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Egerton) (1927) l. 317 (MED) Þe see was hye of flood..And when it gan ebbe agaynward, Þe diche was depe. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 343 Sayle Out of Surrye agaynward to Itaille. a1500 (?a1390) De Solempnitate St. Wenefrede (Gough) in Mirk's Festial (1905) 180 (MED) Boþe his hondys weren aȝeynward, and liyn flat to his armys. 1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 203 As they vnto theyr shyppes agaynwarde flewe. 1634 Malory's Arthur (1816) II. 135 He looked still upon his horse till he saw you come in againward. 1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. Ayenward, back again. 2. Conversely; vice versa. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [adverb] > vice versa againwardslOE againward1340 econtrary1512 arsy-versy1542 econverse1547 e contra1548 contrariwise1570 contrair1596 e contrario1599 vice versa1601 backward1607 conversively1607 contrarily1656 convertibly1692 the other way1692 reversely1726 conversely1806 vicey-versey1858 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 49 Of man of þe wordle to wyfman of religioun, oþer ayeanwarde of wyfman of þe wordle to man of religioun. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. iii. vii. 96 Whereeuer þe soule sensibil is, þere is also þe soule vegetabilis, but nouȝt aȝenward. c1430 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 23/2 The kyngis borowman may hafe batayle of abbotis borowmen..bot nocht agayne warde [L. e converso]. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 19 Ilk synning to þe deþ is an heretik; as aȝen ward a heretik is he þat synniþ to þe deþ. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. xxxvii When the Sun is in the signes septentrionals, their shadowes be toward the parts of the signes meridionals, and so againward. 1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum viii. i. f. 119/1 It could not be sayde, more hot than colde, nor againward. 3. Over again; once more. ΘΚΠ the world > time > frequency > [adverb] > anew or again moeOE of newOE yetOE againOE newlyOE once morelOE anewc1305 newa1325 i-gainc1325 againwardc1380 upon new1399 freshlya1413 newlings1440 of the newc1449 afreshc1450 of (also on) fresh1490 for the newc1535 backwardly1552 over againa1568 over1598 de novo1627 all over1811 the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > fact of being second > [adverb] > for a second time, again eftc825 eftersoonsc950 eftsoonc1000 yetOE againOE once morelOE eft-sitha1300 againwardc1380 second1382 secondly1382 once againc1475 secondarilyc1475 secondarly1543 backwardly1552 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1431 Bote ich him aȝeward gete may. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3306 (MED) He hoteþ euery man to þe assaut aȝeward come. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xx. l. 75 (MED) And þat goþ mor for hus medicine, ich make þe good aȝenwarde. 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) v. xiv. f. cx Thou shalt eftsones receyue thy body, and ben to hym ayeneward conioined. ?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Gj^v Agaynwarde they ramyfye in to two partyes. 4. In return, in reply, back. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > answer > [adverb] againOE i-gainc1325 againwarda1382 at the countertailc1386 in rejoinder1556 responsibly1653 the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > [adverb] againOE againwarda1382 back1600 the world > relative properties > relationship > correlation > [adverb] > mutually or reciprocally againOE togethersc1175 togethera1375 againwarda1382 changinglya1425 interchangeable1465 interchangeablyc1480 mutually1531 reciprocally?1555 reciproquely1558 intermutually1601 reportingly1611 alternatively1667 mutuously1683 reciprocously1683 interdependently1884 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. viii. 2 Striue thou not with a riche man, lest parauenture aȝenward [L. contra te] he sette strif to thee. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 183 With slenges & magneles þei kast to kyng Richard, Our Cristen bi parcelles kasted ageynward. c1400 (?c1308) Adam Davy's 5 Dreams (1878) l. 19 (MED) No strook ne ȝaf he aȝeinward. a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) l. 4492 Of his loue ayenward I am sure. c1521 T. More in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) I. lxxii. 203 The Lettres agaynward devised and sent by my lord Admirall to her. 1672 Chaucer's Ghoast 13 This Knight Acis was very hot, and she againward also hot him loved onely. 5. On the contrary; on the other hand. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [adverb] > on the contrary thereagaina1023 here-againc1200 here-againsta1250 contra1362 againwardc1384 otherwisea1393 on the contrary (formerly by, for, in, of, to the contrary, in contrary)1393 thereagainsta1400 in the contrairc1400 in opposite?a1425 e conversoc1425 contrariwise1480 again?1531 contrarilyc1540 contrary1549 per contra1554 contrariways1588 contradistinctly1623 by or to the contrair1640 counter1662 oppositely1681 on the reverse1753 e contra1815 obversely1869 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Gal. ii. 7 But aȝenward [L. e contra]..thei..ȝauen to me and Barnabas the riȝt hondis of felowschip. a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 8053 Bot þe dampned bodyse ogayn-ward Salle in helle fele payns strang and hard. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 371 Where aȝenward, if all this same receit schulde come into the hondis of grete lordis or of knyȝtis, it schulde not be so weel spend. a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) i. xix. sig. E.v An occasion of merite to, whiche the wealthye man hath not, agaynwarde. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.adv.eOE
随便看	diking-mitten dikingboots dikingmitten dikkop dikkops diktat diktats dilacerate dilacerated dilacerates dilacerating dilaceration dilactates dilactic dilactic acid dilambdodont dilamination dilaniate dilaniated dilaniation dilantin dilapidate dilapidated dilapidated-looking dilapidatedlooking