caissonn.

/ˈkeɪsən/

/keɪˈsuːn/

Forms: Also 1700s caissoon.

Etymology: < French caisson large chest, < caisse chest. The first pronunciation is given by most orthoepists, the second (which agrees with the usual treatment of French -on in the 18th cent.) is given only by Perry, Worcester, and Cull.

1. Military.

a. A chest containing bombs or other explosives, to be buried and fired as a mine.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > explosive device > [noun] > land-mine

petard1566

powder minea1639

fougade1643

bomb-chest1704

caisson1704

globe of compression1771

torpedo1786

fougasse1832

stifler1836

landmine1875

observation mine1886

egg1917

1704 in J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I.

1721 in N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Caisson [in Fortification], a Chest of Wood holding four or 6 Bombs, or sometimes filled only with Powder, and buried under Ground, by the Besieged, to blow up a Work the Besiegers are like to be Masters of.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Caisson, a chest of bombs or powder, laid in the enemy's way to be fired at their approach.

1772 T. Simes Mil. Guide (at cited word)

b. A chest containing ammunition; a wagon for conveying ammunition. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > ammunition chest

caisson1704

laboratory chest1769

cassoon1801

limber-box1801

limber-chest1888

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > military vehicles > [noun] > vehicles for transport of supplies collectively > ammunition cart or wagon

ammunition wagon1648

caisson1704

powder cart1795

car battery1876

1704 in J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I.

1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Caisson, a covered Waggon, or Carriage for Provisions, or Ammunition for an Army.

1724 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) Caisson,..a Chest of Wood holding four or 6 Bombs, or sometimes filled only with Powder, and buried under Ground, by the Besieged.

1812 Examiner 23 Aug. 532/1 20 caissons of ammunition.

1866 H. Bushnell Vicarious Sacrifice iii. iii. 285 The retributive causes of nature roll out their heavy caisson with us.

1870 Echo 14 Nov. Several artillery caissons captured at Orleans were found to be filled with wearing apparel.

2. Hydraulics.

a. A large watertight case or chest used in laying foundations of bridges, etc., in deep water.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > [noun] > case used in underwater construction

chest1679

caisson1753

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Caisson is also used for a kind of chest used in laying the foundations of the piers of bridges.

1765 Ann. Reg. 12/2 The greatest part of the first course [of the sixth pier of Blackfriars bridge] carried by the Caissoon.

1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 305 M. Labelye erected the piers [of Westminster Bridge] in caissons, or water-tight boxes.

1875 B. W. Richardson Dis. Mod. Life 70 The effect of atmospheric pressure on men who are employed to work in caissons.

b. In Canal-making. Formerly, a large watertight cistern or reservoir made at any point where the canal had to be extended over lower ground, in order to enable the boats to come forward with material for the embankment.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > body of water > channel of water > [noun] > navigable waterway > canal > constructing canals > watertight structure used in

caisson1769

1769 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 7) III. 272 At Stretford, three Miles off, is the Caisson 40 Yards long by 32.

1827 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) IV. 546.

1861 S. Smiles Lives Engineers I. 382 Brindley..had the stuff required to make up the embankment brought in boats..conducted from the canal along which they had come into caissons or cisterns placed at the point over which the earth and clay had to be deposited.

c. A vessel in the form of a boat used as a floodgate in docks.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > flat-bottomed boat > [noun] > used as support, wharf, or gate

pont1631

pontoon1676

tin-boat1677

wharf-boat1849

caisson1854

caisson-gate1866

1854 Fairbairn in Proc. Inst. C. Engin. 9 May The employment of caissons for closing the entrance to wet or dry docks.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Caisson, a vessel fitted with valves, to act instead of gates for a dry dock.

d. ‘A sort of float sunk to a required depth by letting water into it, when it is hauled under the ship's bottom,..and on pumping out the water floats her’ (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.); = camel n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment for moving ship over bar or shoal > [noun] > apparatus giving increased buoyancy

floating dam1706

camel1716

caisson1811

camel-engine186.

float-case1874

1811 Naval Chron. 25 219 This caisson or floating dock is made of wrought iron.

Thesaurus »

Categories »

3. Architecture. ‘A sunken panel in ceilings, vaults, and cupolas’. Gwilt Encycl. Archit.

Compounds

caisson disease n. (see quots.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > environmental disorders > [noun] > atmospheric pressure

puna1835

mountain sickness1848

soroche1878

caisson disease1883

the bends1894

altitude sickness1901

caisson sickness1911

decompression sickness1941

ebullism1956

1883 Harper's Mag. July 945/1 The ‘caisson disease’ is the result of living under atmospheric pressure greatly above that to which the human system is normally adapted.

1887 Health 11 Mar. 394 What is known as the ‘caisson disease’ is not produced by the mere increase of atmospheric pressure, but by the sudden diminution of it on leaving the caisson, which produces ruptures of small blood-vessels.

caisson-gate n. = sense 2c.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > flat-bottomed boat > [noun] > used as support, wharf, or gate

pont1631

pontoon1676

tin-boat1677

wharf-boat1849

caisson1854

caisson-gate1866

1866 Cornhill Mag. Mar. 381 23 feet depth of water when the caisson-gates are opened.

caisson sickness n. = caisson disease n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > environmental disorders > [noun] > atmospheric pressure

puna1835

mountain sickness1848

soroche1878

caisson disease1883

the bends1894

altitude sickness1901

caisson sickness1911

decompression sickness1941

ebullism1956

1911 Engineer 10 Mar. 243 Caisson Sickness and Compressed Air.

Derivatives

caissonier n.

/keɪsəˈnɪə(r)/ one who works in a caisson.

ΚΠ

1903 Strand Mag. Jan. 98/2 The lives of ‘the men in the box’, i.e. the caissoniers, are in the greatest danger.

ˈcaissoning n.

ΚΠ

1903 Strand Mag. Jan. 101/2 After all these terrors it is perhaps astonishing to be told..that caissoning would be sought by any considerable number of men.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	caisson
释义	caissonn. /ˈkeɪsən//keɪˈsuːn/ Forms: Also 1700s caissoon. Etymology: < French caisson large chest, < caisse chest. The first pronunciation is given by most orthoepists, the second (which agrees with the usual treatment of French -on in the 18th cent.) is given only by Perry, Worcester, and Cull. 1. Military. a. A chest containing bombs or other explosives, to be buried and fired as a mine. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > explosive device > [noun] > land-mine petard1566 powder minea1639 fougade1643 bomb-chest1704 caisson1704 globe of compression1771 torpedo1786 fougasse1832 stifler1836 landmine1875 observation mine1886 egg1917 1704 in J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. 1721 in N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Caisson [in Fortification], a Chest of Wood holding four or 6 Bombs, or sometimes filled only with Powder, and buried under Ground, by the Besieged, to blow up a Work the Besiegers are like to be Masters of. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Caisson, a chest of bombs or powder, laid in the enemy's way to be fired at their approach. 1772 T. Simes Mil. Guide (at cited word) b. A chest containing ammunition; a wagon for conveying ammunition. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > ammunition chest caisson1704 laboratory chest1769 cassoon1801 limber-box1801 limber-chest1888 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > military vehicles > [noun] > vehicles for transport of supplies collectively > ammunition cart or wagon ammunition wagon1648 caisson1704 powder cart1795 car battery1876 1704 in J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. 1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Caisson, a covered Waggon, or Carriage for Provisions, or Ammunition for an Army. 1724 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) Caisson,..a Chest of Wood holding four or 6 Bombs, or sometimes filled only with Powder, and buried under Ground, by the Besieged. 1812 Examiner 23 Aug. 532/1 20 caissons of ammunition. 1866 H. Bushnell Vicarious Sacrifice iii. iii. 285 The retributive causes of nature roll out their heavy caisson with us. 1870 Echo 14 Nov. Several artillery caissons captured at Orleans were found to be filled with wearing apparel. 2. Hydraulics. a. A large watertight case or chest used in laying foundations of bridges, etc., in deep water. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > [noun] > case used in underwater construction chest1679 caisson1753 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Caisson is also used for a kind of chest used in laying the foundations of the piers of bridges. 1765 Ann. Reg. 12/2 The greatest part of the first course [of the sixth pier of Blackfriars bridge] carried by the Caissoon. 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 305 M. Labelye erected the piers [of Westminster Bridge] in caissons, or water-tight boxes. 1875 B. W. Richardson Dis. Mod. Life 70 The effect of atmospheric pressure on men who are employed to work in caissons. b. In Canal-making. Formerly, a large watertight cistern or reservoir made at any point where the canal had to be extended over lower ground, in order to enable the boats to come forward with material for the embankment. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > body of water > channel of water > [noun] > navigable waterway > canal > constructing canals > watertight structure used in caisson1769 1769 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 7) III. 272 At Stretford, three Miles off, is the Caisson 40 Yards long by 32. 1827 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) IV. 546. 1861 S. Smiles Lives Engineers I. 382 Brindley..had the stuff required to make up the embankment brought in boats..conducted from the canal along which they had come into caissons or cisterns placed at the point over which the earth and clay had to be deposited. c. A vessel in the form of a boat used as a floodgate in docks. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > flat-bottomed boat > [noun] > used as support, wharf, or gate pont1631 pontoon1676 tin-boat1677 wharf-boat1849 caisson1854 caisson-gate1866 1854 Fairbairn in Proc. Inst. C. Engin. 9 May The employment of caissons for closing the entrance to wet or dry docks. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Caisson, a vessel fitted with valves, to act instead of gates for a dry dock. d. ‘A sort of float sunk to a required depth by letting water into it, when it is hauled under the ship's bottom,..and on pumping out the water floats her’ (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.); = camel n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment for moving ship over bar or shoal > [noun] > apparatus giving increased buoyancy floating dam1706 camel1716 caisson1811 camel-engine186. float-case1874 1811 Naval Chron. 25 219 This caisson or floating dock is made of wrought iron. Thesaurus » Categories » 3. Architecture. ‘A sunken panel in ceilings, vaults, and cupolas’. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Compounds caisson disease n. (see quots.). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > environmental disorders > [noun] > atmospheric pressure puna1835 mountain sickness1848 soroche1878 caisson disease1883 the bends1894 altitude sickness1901 caisson sickness1911 decompression sickness1941 ebullism1956 1883 Harper's Mag. July 945/1 The ‘caisson disease’ is the result of living under atmospheric pressure greatly above that to which the human system is normally adapted. 1887 Health 11 Mar. 394 What is known as the ‘caisson disease’ is not produced by the mere increase of atmospheric pressure, but by the sudden diminution of it on leaving the caisson, which produces ruptures of small blood-vessels. caisson-gate n. = sense 2c. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > flat-bottomed boat > [noun] > used as support, wharf, or gate pont1631 pontoon1676 tin-boat1677 wharf-boat1849 caisson1854 caisson-gate1866 1866 Cornhill Mag. Mar. 381 23 feet depth of water when the caisson-gates are opened. caisson sickness n. = caisson disease n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > environmental disorders > [noun] > atmospheric pressure puna1835 mountain sickness1848 soroche1878 caisson disease1883 the bends1894 altitude sickness1901 caisson sickness1911 decompression sickness1941 ebullism1956 1911 Engineer 10 Mar. 243 Caisson Sickness and Compressed Air. Derivatives caissonier n. /keɪsəˈnɪə(r)/ one who works in a caisson. ΚΠ 1903 Strand Mag. Jan. 98/2 The lives of ‘the men in the box’, i.e. the caissoniers, are in the greatest danger. ˈcaissoning n. ΚΠ 1903 Strand Mag. Jan. 101/2 After all these terrors it is perhaps astonishing to be told..that caissoning would be sought by any considerable number of men. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1704
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