affectationn.

Brit.

/ˌafəkˈteɪʃn/,

/ˌafɛkˈteɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌæˌfɛkˈteɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: 1500s affectacion, 1500s effectation (now nonstandard), 1500s– affectation, 1600s afectation, 1600s affectacon.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French affectation; Latin affectātiōn-, affectātiō.

Etymology: < Middle French, French affectation desire for, pursuit of, ambitious pursuit of (1548; subsequently also ‘predilection for’ (1690)), application of something to a particular use (16th cent.; 1413 in specific sense ‘reservation or allocation (of a benefice)’), eagerness (1542) and its etymon classical Latin affectātiōn-, affectātiō action of striving after, aspiration towards, action of laying claim to, (in rhetoric) action of straining after effect, affectation, in post-classical Latin also simulation, hypocrisy (Vetus Latina), (in law) allocation, granting (from 10th cent. in continental sources), act of conveyance (12th cent. in continental sources) < affectāt- , past participial stem of affectāre affect v.¹ + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Spanish afectación (1535), Portuguese afetação (a1569 as affectação), Italian affettazione (a1529).In sense 6 perhaps after spec. use of French affectation with reference to the allocation of resources to a particular use or function, in civil or military contexts (1899). With the form effectation compare discussion at effect n.

1. An ostentatious fondness for something; a studied display. With of. Now somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > affected behaviour or affectation > [noun] > studied fondness or display

affectation1542

the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > [noun] > ostentatious fondness of something

affectation1542

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes iii. f. 334 Unto others obiectyng vnto hym vnmeasurable affectacion of eloquence he thus aunswered [etc.].

1616 B. Jonson Cynthias Revels (rev. ed.) v. i, in Wks. I. 235 The affectation Of an enforc'd, and form'd austeritie.

1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther i. 22 Affectation of an ancient line.

1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 30 Jan. (1965) I. 303 It was not an affectation of shewing my reading.

1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. ii. 55 His dress..was rich and elegant, but without any affectation of ornament.

1861 T. Wright Ess. Archæol. II. xiv. 60 This affectation of Latin reached its greatest height in..the reign of James I.

1975 Jrnl. Warburg & Courtauld Inst. 38 206 Diamonds [were]..the prince's only, but very individual, affectation of ornament.

2004 W. Ayres-Bennett Sociolinguistic Variation 17th-cent. France iv. 121 Both male and female writers emphasize that affectation of knowledge, for example when it is not properly assimilated, and above all pedantry from women, are far more unacceptable.

a. The artificial or studied assumption of behaviour; artificiality (of manner); putting on of airs; (also) an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > affected behaviour or affectation > [noun]

affectation1548

affection1570

phantastry1656

stilt1735

fal-lal1775

coxcombality1785

meemaw1790

posture-making1797

attitudinarianism1803

attitudinizing1812

piminy1819

stiltishness1824

niminy-piminyism1840

gyvera1866

notion1866

attitudinization1871

effectism1871

jam1882

chichi1908

poncing1969

pseudery1972

the mind > emotion > pride > pretension to superiority > [noun]

pensifulnessc1450

affectation1548

affection1570

affectedness1622

lady aira1637

fastuousness1649

gentility1650

fastuosity1656

vapouring1656

flatulency1662

hoity-toity1668

pretendingness1701

with an air1701

pretension1706

flatulence1711

uppishness1716

high and mightiness1771

pensieness1825

fine-gentlemanism1831

pretentiousness1838

ambitiousness1845

stuckupishness1853

pretensiveness1859

notion1866

side1870

dog1871

hoity-toityism1881

superiority complex1921

snootiness1932

uppitiness1935

snottiness1973

snoot1984

swag2002

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > inelegance > [noun] > affectation

affectation1548

rhetoric1559

affection1570

manner1706

mannerism1803

posh1915

1548 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) at Putide Exprimere litteras putide, to sowne or pronownce the consonantes for affectacion, to hardly, or curiouselye.

1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 2 a The superfluous affectation of my prophane puft vp phrase.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. i. 138 What phrase is this? he heares with eare? why, it is affectations .

1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell xiv. 174 Hee must abhorre all affectations, all forced postures and complements.

1717 Boston News-let. 11 Nov. 2/2 He was..the most remote from Shew and Affectation, Universally Benevolent and Compassionate.

1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xxii. 616 His simplicity was not exempt from affectation.

1827 T. Carlyle Richter in Edinb. Rev. June 186 The essence of affectation is that it be assumed.

1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton iii. 29 Her pretty affectations of petulance.

1919 J. Conrad Arrow of Gold iii. iv He threw his affectation of detachment to the winds.

1962 K. A. Porter Ship of Fools 172 He spoke with a slight Spanish accent,..pure affectation she called it.

1975 P. V. Price Taste of Wine v. 80/1 It is the weighty red wines that have produced the best and worst of wine writing, the affectations of the snob and the inspiration of the wine lover.

2003 Independent 6 Nov. (Review section) 7/4 Ms Truss seems to regard the ellipsis as a lazy and irritating affectation.

b. The pretended or counterfeit assumption of some characteristic, idea, etc.; hollow or false display; simulation, pretence; (also) an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > semblance, outward show > [noun]

hue971

glozea1300

showingc1300

coloura1325

illusionc1340

frontc1374

simulationc1380

visage1390

cheera1393

sign?a1425

countenance?c1425

study?c1430

cloak1526

false colour1531

visure1531

face1542

masquery?1544

show1547

gloss1548

glass1552

affectation1561

colourableness1571

fashion1571

personage?1571

ostentation1607

disguise1632

lustrementa1641

grimace1655

varnish1662

masquerade1674

guisea1677

whitewash1730

varnish1743

maya1789

vraisemblance1802

Japan1856

veneering1865

veneer1868

affectedness1873

candy coating1885

simulance1885

window dressing1903

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. viii. f. 46^v In all ages that irreligious affectation of religion..hath shewed and yet dothe shewe fourthe it selfe, that menne do alwaye delyte to inuente a waye to obtayne ryghteousnesse bysyde the woorde of God.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. K4 That honny-flowing Matron Eloquence, apparelled, or rather disguised, in a Curtizan-like painted affectation.

1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) xxxviii. 229 A Mans Nature is best perceived in Privatenesse, for there is no Affectation.

1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 20. ⁋1 Affectation, or a perpetual disguise of the real character by fictitious appearances.

1866 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 1st Ser. 191 Their profession..becomes an empty affectation.

1873 Buckle's Hist. Civilisation Eng. (new ed.) III. v. 321 Some people affect to carry on trade for the good of others; but this is mere affectation.

1939 P. G. Chadwick Death Guard iv. 169 There was a brave affectation that this war was to be the greatest of all joyrides, a long hoped for opportunity for heroes, a splash of vivid colour at the zenith of existence.

1975 E. L. Doctorow Ragtime xxi He was dressed in the affectation of wealth.

2001 J. Hamilton-Paterson Loving Monsters (2002) x. 181 He has followed you with the courteous affectation of having never before noticed the incredible view.

†3. A desire to obtain something, earnest pursuit; an aiming at or striving after. With of. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > aspiration or ambition > [noun]

folebayrie1340

ambition?a1439

ambitiousnessa1500

affectation1549

aspire1562

aspiring1584

philotimy1593

ambitiositya1600

aspirement1607

aspiration1609

votea1626

anhelation1628

breathinga1635

drivenness1902

1549 T. Broke tr. J. Calvin Of Life Christen Man sig. Bii^v But the spirite of god, because it doth teach without such affectation and desire, obserueth not so exactly, nor so often, a compendious way.

1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke Ep. Ded. sig. iii^v It was not the affectation of any popular praise..which begotte in me this desire to publish this worke.

1606 Bp. J. Hall Medit. & Vowes III. §94 To bee caried away with an affectation of fame is so vaine, and absurd.

1617 F. Holyoake Riders Dict. (new ed.) sig. A3^v Affectation, or curious desire of a thing which nature hath not giuen, Affectatio.

1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed iv. 418 Pretended sedition, and affectation of the Crown.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 6. ⁋4 The Affectation of being Gay and in Fashion, has very nearly eaten up our Good Sense and our Religion.

a1786 W. Cooper Disc. Following Subj. (1795) I. xvi. 327 Personal animosity,—wit, (or at least an affectation of being thought witty);—these are the true sources from whence calumny and defamation flow.

1801 Times 18 Nov. 3/2 They insinuate that there is an affectation of being thought the author of the popular measures of his successor.

1825 R. Poole Ess. Educ. i. 126 The affectation of being thought wiser, or better informed, or more refined, than what nature and education have made them.

†4. An inclination (towards), affection (for); a liking, fondness. With of. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > affection > [noun]

lovingeOE

cherte?c1225

amoura1300

dearnessc1320

affectionc1384

homelinessc1384

kindnessc1390

affect1440

gleimc1449

regard?1533

infection1600

affectation1607

fonding1640

endearedness1654

charities1667

endearment1709

affectuosity1730

affectionateness1751

fondliness1821

grá1833

aroha1846

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 501 No conscience of religion cannot auert the monstrous loue of delights from the afectation of men.

1641 R. Greville Disc. Nature Episcopacie i. ii. 4 If a Minister once come to lose the heart and affectations of his people.

a1794 E. Gibbon Memoirs in Misc. Wks. (1796) I. 81 Nor was I displeased at her preference and affectation of the manners, the language, and the literature of France.

1828 in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1903) 18 748 He wanted to be near the 42nd out of a foolish partiality and idle affectation of being near an old Scotch regiment.

†5. A special application, destination, or attribution. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Nantissement,..a publicke, or legall affectation, fastening, appointing, or pointing out of one thing for the securitie or indemnitie of another.

6. The declared occupation or employment of a ship. rare.

ΚΠ

1914 Conc. Oxf. Dict. 1044/1 All ships, whatever their affectation.

1920 Jrnl. Compar. Legislation & Internat. Law 2 292 The destruction of papers had not been effected with the express object of dissimulating the enemy ownership, destination, or affectation of the ship.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	affectation
释义	affectationn. Brit. /ˌafəkˈteɪʃn/, /ˌafɛkˈteɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌæˌfɛkˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: 1500s affectacion, 1500s effectation (now nonstandard), 1500s– affectation, 1600s afectation, 1600s affectacon. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French affectation; Latin affectātiōn-, affectātiō. Etymology: < Middle French, French affectation desire for, pursuit of, ambitious pursuit of (1548; subsequently also ‘predilection for’ (1690)), application of something to a particular use (16th cent.; 1413 in specific sense ‘reservation or allocation (of a benefice)’), eagerness (1542) and its etymon classical Latin affectātiōn-, affectātiō action of striving after, aspiration towards, action of laying claim to, (in rhetoric) action of straining after effect, affectation, in post-classical Latin also simulation, hypocrisy (Vetus Latina), (in law) allocation, granting (from 10th cent. in continental sources), act of conveyance (12th cent. in continental sources) < affectāt- , past participial stem of affectāre affect v.¹ + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Spanish afectación (1535), Portuguese afetação (a1569 as affectação), Italian affettazione (a1529).In sense 6 perhaps after spec. use of French affectation with reference to the allocation of resources to a particular use or function, in civil or military contexts (1899). With the form effectation compare discussion at effect n. 1. An ostentatious fondness for something; a studied display. With of. Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > affected behaviour or affectation > [noun] > studied fondness or display affectation1542 the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > [noun] > ostentatious fondness of something affectation1542 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes iii. f. 334 Unto others obiectyng vnto hym vnmeasurable affectacion of eloquence he thus aunswered [etc.]. 1616 B. Jonson Cynthias Revels (rev. ed.) v. i, in Wks. I. 235 The affectation Of an enforc'd, and form'd austeritie. 1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther i. 22 Affectation of an ancient line. 1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 30 Jan. (1965) I. 303 It was not an affectation of shewing my reading. 1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. ii. 55 His dress..was rich and elegant, but without any affectation of ornament. 1861 T. Wright Ess. Archæol. II. xiv. 60 This affectation of Latin reached its greatest height in..the reign of James I. 1975 Jrnl. Warburg & Courtauld Inst. 38 206 Diamonds [were]..the prince's only, but very individual, affectation of ornament. 2004 W. Ayres-Bennett Sociolinguistic Variation 17th-cent. France iv. 121 Both male and female writers emphasize that affectation of knowledge, for example when it is not properly assimilated, and above all pedantry from women, are far more unacceptable. 2. a. The artificial or studied assumption of behaviour; artificiality (of manner); putting on of airs; (also) an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > affected behaviour or affectation > [noun] affectation1548 affection1570 phantastry1656 stilt1735 fal-lal1775 coxcombality1785 meemaw1790 posture-making1797 attitudinarianism1803 attitudinizing1812 piminy1819 stiltishness1824 niminy-piminyism1840 gyvera1866 notion1866 attitudinization1871 effectism1871 jam1882 chichi1908 poncing1969 pseudery1972 the mind > emotion > pride > pretension to superiority > [noun] pensifulnessc1450 affectation1548 affection1570 affectedness1622 lady aira1637 fastuousness1649 gentility1650 fastuosity1656 vapouring1656 flatulency1662 hoity-toity1668 pretendingness1701 with an air1701 pretension1706 flatulence1711 uppishness1716 high and mightiness1771 pensieness1825 fine-gentlemanism1831 pretentiousness1838 ambitiousness1845 stuckupishness1853 pretensiveness1859 notion1866 side1870 dog1871 hoity-toityism1881 superiority complex1921 snootiness1932 uppitiness1935 snottiness1973 snoot1984 swag2002 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > inelegance > [noun] > affectation affectation1548 rhetoric1559 affection1570 manner1706 mannerism1803 posh1915 1548 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) at Putide Exprimere litteras putide, to sowne or pronownce the consonantes for affectacion, to hardly, or curiouselye. 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 2 a The superfluous affectation of my prophane puft vp phrase. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. i. 138 What phrase is this? he heares with eare? why, it is affectations . View more context for this quotation 1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell xiv. 174 Hee must abhorre all affectations, all forced postures and complements. 1717 Boston News-let. 11 Nov. 2/2 He was..the most remote from Shew and Affectation, Universally Benevolent and Compassionate. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xxii. 616 His simplicity was not exempt from affectation. 1827 T. Carlyle Richter in Edinb. Rev. June 186 The essence of affectation is that it be assumed. 1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton iii. 29 Her pretty affectations of petulance. 1919 J. Conrad Arrow of Gold iii. iv He threw his affectation of detachment to the winds. 1962 K. A. Porter Ship of Fools 172 He spoke with a slight Spanish accent,..pure affectation she called it. 1975 P. V. Price Taste of Wine v. 80/1 It is the weighty red wines that have produced the best and worst of wine writing, the affectations of the snob and the inspiration of the wine lover. 2003 Independent 6 Nov. (Review section) 7/4 Ms Truss seems to regard the ellipsis as a lazy and irritating affectation. b. The pretended or counterfeit assumption of some characteristic, idea, etc.; hollow or false display; simulation, pretence; (also) an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > semblance, outward show > [noun] hue971 glozea1300 showingc1300 coloura1325 illusionc1340 frontc1374 simulationc1380 visage1390 cheera1393 sign?a1425 countenance?c1425 study?c1430 cloak1526 false colour1531 visure1531 face1542 masquery?1544 show1547 gloss1548 glass1552 affectation1561 colourableness1571 fashion1571 personage?1571 ostentation1607 disguise1632 lustrementa1641 grimace1655 varnish1662 masquerade1674 guisea1677 whitewash1730 varnish1743 maya1789 vraisemblance1802 Japan1856 veneering1865 veneer1868 affectedness1873 candy coating1885 simulance1885 window dressing1903 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. viii. f. 46^v In all ages that irreligious affectation of religion..hath shewed and yet dothe shewe fourthe it selfe, that menne do alwaye delyte to inuente a waye to obtayne ryghteousnesse bysyde the woorde of God. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. K4 That honny-flowing Matron Eloquence, apparelled, or rather disguised, in a Curtizan-like painted affectation. 1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) xxxviii. 229 A Mans Nature is best perceived in Privatenesse, for there is no Affectation. 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 20. ⁋1 Affectation, or a perpetual disguise of the real character by fictitious appearances. 1866 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 1st Ser. 191 Their profession..becomes an empty affectation. 1873 Buckle's Hist. Civilisation Eng. (new ed.) III. v. 321 Some people affect to carry on trade for the good of others; but this is mere affectation. 1939 P. G. Chadwick Death Guard iv. 169 There was a brave affectation that this war was to be the greatest of all joyrides, a long hoped for opportunity for heroes, a splash of vivid colour at the zenith of existence. 1975 E. L. Doctorow Ragtime xxi He was dressed in the affectation of wealth. 2001 J. Hamilton-Paterson Loving Monsters (2002) x. 181 He has followed you with the courteous affectation of having never before noticed the incredible view. †3. A desire to obtain something, earnest pursuit; an aiming at or striving after. With of. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > aspiration or ambition > [noun] folebayrie1340 ambition?a1439 ambitiousnessa1500 affectation1549 aspire1562 aspiring1584 philotimy1593 ambitiositya1600 aspirement1607 aspiration1609 votea1626 anhelation1628 breathinga1635 drivenness1902 1549 T. Broke tr. J. Calvin Of Life Christen Man sig. Bii^v But the spirite of god, because it doth teach without such affectation and desire, obserueth not so exactly, nor so often, a compendious way. 1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke Ep. Ded. sig. iii^v It was not the affectation of any popular praise..which begotte in me this desire to publish this worke. 1606 Bp. J. Hall Medit. & Vowes III. §94 To bee caried away with an affectation of fame is so vaine, and absurd. 1617 F. Holyoake Riders Dict. (new ed.) sig. A3^v Affectation, or curious desire of a thing which nature hath not giuen, Affectatio. 1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed iv. 418 Pretended sedition, and affectation of the Crown. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 6. ⁋4 The Affectation of being Gay and in Fashion, has very nearly eaten up our Good Sense and our Religion. a1786 W. Cooper Disc. Following Subj. (1795) I. xvi. 327 Personal animosity,—wit, (or at least an affectation of being thought witty);—these are the true sources from whence calumny and defamation flow. 1801 Times 18 Nov. 3/2 They insinuate that there is an affectation of being thought the author of the popular measures of his successor. 1825 R. Poole Ess. Educ. i. 126 The affectation of being thought wiser, or better informed, or more refined, than what nature and education have made them. †4. An inclination (towards), affection (for); a liking, fondness. With of. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > affection > [noun] lovingeOE cherte?c1225 amoura1300 dearnessc1320 affectionc1384 homelinessc1384 kindnessc1390 affect1440 gleimc1449 regard?1533 infection1600 affectation1607 fonding1640 endearedness1654 charities1667 endearment1709 affectuosity1730 affectionateness1751 fondliness1821 grá1833 aroha1846 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 501 No conscience of religion cannot auert the monstrous loue of delights from the afectation of men. 1641 R. Greville Disc. Nature Episcopacie i. ii. 4 If a Minister once come to lose the heart and affectations of his people. a1794 E. Gibbon Memoirs in Misc. Wks. (1796) I. 81 Nor was I displeased at her preference and affectation of the manners, the language, and the literature of France. 1828 in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1903) 18 748 He wanted to be near the 42nd out of a foolish partiality and idle affectation of being near an old Scotch regiment. †5. A special application, destination, or attribution. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Nantissement,..a publicke, or legall affectation, fastening, appointing, or pointing out of one thing for the securitie or indemnitie of another. 6. The declared occupation or employment of a ship. rare. ΚΠ 1914 Conc. Oxf. Dict. 1044/1 All ships, whatever their affectation. 1920 Jrnl. Compar. Legislation & Internat. Law 2 292 The destruction of papers had not been effected with the express object of dissimulating the enemy ownership, destination, or affectation of the ship. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1542
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