afearadj.conj.

Brit.

/əˈfɪə/, U.S.

/əˈfɪ(ə)r/

Forms: Middle English afer, Middle English afere, 1600s affear, 1800s– afear; Scottish pre-1700 afeir, pre-1700 affeir.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix³, fear n.

Etymology: < a- prefix³ + fear n. With the use as adjective compare earlier afeared adj., and also earlier afraid adj., affright adj.With the spellings in aff- compare discussion at af- prefix.

Now rare (in later use nonstandard and regional).

A. adj.

= afeared adj. †to put afear: to cause to be in fear (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > [adjective]

affrightedOE

ofdreadOE

afearedOE

offearedlOE

radc1175

frightya1325

fearedc1330

fearfulc1374

afraidc1380

frayeda1400

wrotha1400

afearc1410

ghastful1422

fleyedc1425

afleyeda1500

a flighta1535

effrayed1553

flight-given?1611

hareda1618

frighted1647

affrightened1649

frighteneda1721

scared1725

intimidated1727

frightsome1827

scary1827

funked1831

fearing1837

funked out1859

fearsome1863

chickenshit1940

c1410 (c1375) G. Chaucer Monk's Tale (Harl. 7334) (1885) l. 3369 Euer he is afere To doon amys.

a1500 tr. La Belle Dame sans Mercy (Cambr.) 256 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 89 (MED) Y am defied and put a-fer.

a1560 W. Kennedy Passioun of Christ in J. A. W. Bennett Devotional Pieces (1955) 11 Ȝou a sone sall beir, Callit Ihesu; thairfor be nocht affeir.

1675 Woman turn'd Bully iv. ii. 59 You need no be affear, sweet Madam Belamy.

1820 Domest. Scenes I. x. 187 I am afear Madame will find she not pay de bills right.

1866 J. W. Fabens Prince of Kashna 366 Now he 'gin to be afear wi'out reason.

1921 ‘C. Perry’ Roving River xxii. 297 I'm afear dose l'Avanons of Green Bay or Quebec, dey wish to tak' her from me.

B. conj.

Because of the possibility of (something negative or frightening); for fear that. Also with that. N.E.D. (1884) notes: ‘Still used in Scotl.’

ΚΠ

1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 232 in Wks. (1931) I Afeir that he be nocht offendit.

1895 M. Downe Essex Ballads 19 We didn't stop..Afear the Owd un sh'd come out.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

afearv.

Brit.

/əˈfɪə/, U.S.

/əˈfɪ(ə)r/

Forms:

α. Old English afæran, Old English aferde (past tense, rare), early Middle English afære, early Middle English auere (south-west midlands), Middle English afeere, Middle English afer, Middle English 1800s– afear, Middle English–1500s afere, Middle English–1500s affeare, Middle English–1500s affere; Scottish pre-1700 afere, pre-1700 affeir, pre-1700 affere.

β. Scottish pre-1700 effeir.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix¹, fear v.

Etymology: < a- prefix¹ + fear v. Compare afeared adj., and later offear v.With the spellings in aff- compare discussion at af- prefix.

Now chiefly regional.

1. transitive. To frighten, terrify; to make afraid.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > terrify [verb (transitive)]

afearOE

affrightOE

breec1000

offrightlOE

agastc1225

offearc1225

dreadc1250

agrisec1275

begallowc1320

ashunchc1325

adreadc1330

affrayc1330

fleya1400

grise1513

terrify1536

fray-bug1551

thunderbolta1586

fear-blast1593

gaster1593

hazen1593

terrorc1595

affrighten1615

ter-terrifya1618

flaite1642

pavefy1656

repall1687

hobgoblin1707

scarify1794

to scare the daylights out of1951

α.

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) vii. 234 Hi..þone arleasan cyning Herodem mid heora bodunge þearle afærdon.

OE Paris Psalter (1932) lxxxix. 10 Wæran anlicast ure winter geongewifran, þonne hio geornast bið, þæt heo afære fleogan on nette.

a1275 St. Margaret (Trin. Cambr.) l. 164 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 56 He þe sende þis crois, þine fon to aferene.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 12753 Feorlic wes þat sweouen, þene king hit auerde [c1300 Otho a-ferde].

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 511 A gret ok he wolde..bere vorþ in is hond, þat volc vor to afere [ B afear].

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 722 (MED) Þou ne afferest me noȝt so.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xviii. l. 430 (MED) It [sc. the cross] afereth þe fende.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. l. 770 (MED) That no thyng hem afere, or ought offende.

1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) v. xix. sig. nv^v/2 Clerkes may bere wepen..to afere theues.

a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) iv. xxxii. f. 79 (MED) Þerein is no maner poynt of vertue, saffe..grennyng of teth to afferen fooles.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. iii. sig. P^v As ghastly bug does vnto [Faults Escaped: greatly] them affeare.

1851 T. Sternberg Dial. & Folk-lore Northants. 1 That dwant afear ma.

1861 E. Atherstone Israel in Egypt v. 76 Nought afears us.

1975 H. Richardson Skarra ii. i. 182 Something has afeared him.

2010 R. Senley Moustache Man & Deadly Whiskers 220 A stifling pounding within my brain that half afears me to death.

β. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. xii. 102 Na wound nor wapyn mycht hym anis effeir.

†2. transitive. Scottish. To be afraid of; to fear. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > be afraid of [verb (transitive)]

doubt?c1225

ydout1297

doubta1400

fearc1460

effray1485

to fear of (rarely at)1509

afear1554

funk1837

1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour l. 2576 in Wks. (1931) I Effeir ȝe nocht Diuine punytione?

1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 498 in Wks. (1931) I So, for to schaw that he aferit no fone, Out throuch his realme he wald ryde hym alone.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	afear
释义	afearadj.conj. Brit. /əˈfɪə/, U.S. /əˈfɪ(ə)r/ Forms: Middle English afer, Middle English afere, 1600s affear, 1800s– afear; Scottish pre-1700 afeir, pre-1700 affeir. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix³, fear n. Etymology: < a- prefix³ + fear n. With the use as adjective compare earlier afeared adj., and also earlier afraid adj., affright adj.With the spellings in aff- compare discussion at af- prefix. Now rare (in later use nonstandard and regional). A. adj. = afeared adj. †to put afear: to cause to be in fear (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > [adjective] affrightedOE ofdreadOE afearedOE offearedlOE radc1175 frightya1325 fearedc1330 fearfulc1374 afraidc1380 frayeda1400 wrotha1400 afearc1410 ghastful1422 fleyedc1425 afleyeda1500 a flighta1535 effrayed1553 flight-given?1611 hareda1618 frighted1647 affrightened1649 frighteneda1721 scared1725 intimidated1727 frightsome1827 scary1827 funked1831 fearing1837 funked out1859 fearsome1863 chickenshit1940 c1410 (c1375) G. Chaucer Monk's Tale (Harl. 7334) (1885) l. 3369 Euer he is afere To doon amys. a1500 tr. La Belle Dame sans Mercy (Cambr.) 256 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 89 (MED) Y am defied and put a-fer. a1560 W. Kennedy Passioun of Christ in J. A. W. Bennett Devotional Pieces (1955) 11 Ȝou a sone sall beir, Callit Ihesu; thairfor be nocht affeir. 1675 Woman turn'd Bully iv. ii. 59 You need no be affear, sweet Madam Belamy. 1820 Domest. Scenes I. x. 187 I am afear Madame will find she not pay de bills right. 1866 J. W. Fabens Prince of Kashna 366 Now he 'gin to be afear wi'out reason. 1921 ‘C. Perry’ Roving River xxii. 297 I'm afear dose l'Avanons of Green Bay or Quebec, dey wish to tak' her from me. B. conj. Because of the possibility of (something negative or frightening); for fear that. Also with that. N.E.D. (1884) notes: ‘Still used in Scotl.’ ΚΠ 1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 232 in Wks. (1931) I Afeir that he be nocht offendit. 1895 M. Downe Essex Ballads 19 We didn't stop..Afear the Owd un sh'd come out. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). afearv. Brit. /əˈfɪə/, U.S. /əˈfɪ(ə)r/ Forms: α. Old English afæran, Old English aferde (past tense, rare), early Middle English afære, early Middle English auere (south-west midlands), Middle English afeere, Middle English afer, Middle English 1800s– afear, Middle English–1500s afere, Middle English–1500s affeare, Middle English–1500s affere; Scottish pre-1700 afere, pre-1700 affeir, pre-1700 affere. β. Scottish pre-1700 effeir. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix¹, fear v. Etymology: < a- prefix¹ + fear v. Compare afeared adj., and later offear v.With the spellings in aff- compare discussion at af- prefix. Now chiefly regional. 1. transitive. To frighten, terrify; to make afraid. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > terrify [verb (transitive)] afearOE affrightOE breec1000 offrightlOE agastc1225 offearc1225 dreadc1250 agrisec1275 begallowc1320 ashunchc1325 adreadc1330 affrayc1330 fleya1400 grise1513 terrify1536 fray-bug1551 thunderbolta1586 fear-blast1593 gaster1593 hazen1593 terrorc1595 affrighten1615 ter-terrifya1618 flaite1642 pavefy1656 repall1687 hobgoblin1707 scarify1794 to scare the daylights out of1951 α. OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) vii. 234 Hi..þone arleasan cyning Herodem mid heora bodunge þearle afærdon. OE Paris Psalter (1932) lxxxix. 10 Wæran anlicast ure winter geongewifran, þonne hio geornast bið, þæt heo afære fleogan on nette. a1275 St. Margaret (Trin. Cambr.) l. 164 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 56 He þe sende þis crois, þine fon to aferene. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 12753 Feorlic wes þat sweouen, þene king hit auerde [c1300 Otho a-ferde]. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 511 A gret ok he wolde..bere vorþ in is hond, þat volc vor to afere [ B afear]. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 722 (MED) Þou ne afferest me noȝt so. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xviii. l. 430 (MED) It [sc. the cross] afereth þe fende. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. l. 770 (MED) That no thyng hem afere, or ought offende. 1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) v. xix. sig. nv^v/2 Clerkes may bere wepen..to afere theues. a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) iv. xxxii. f. 79 (MED) Þerein is no maner poynt of vertue, saffe..grennyng of teth to afferen fooles. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. iii. sig. P^v As ghastly bug does vnto [Faults Escaped: greatly] them affeare. 1851 T. Sternberg Dial. & Folk-lore Northants. 1 That dwant afear ma. 1861 E. Atherstone Israel in Egypt v. 76 Nought afears us. 1975 H. Richardson Skarra ii. i. 182 Something has afeared him. 2010 R. Senley Moustache Man & Deadly Whiskers 220 A stifling pounding within my brain that half afears me to death. β. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. xii. 102 Na wound nor wapyn mycht hym anis effeir. †2. transitive. Scottish. To be afraid of; to fear. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > be afraid of [verb (transitive)] doubt?c1225 ydout1297 doubta1400 fearc1460 effray1485 to fear of (rarely at)1509 afear1554 funk1837 1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour l. 2576 in Wks. (1931) I Effeir ȝe nocht Diuine punytione? 1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 498 in Wks. (1931) I So, for to schaw that he aferit no fone, Out throuch his realme he wald ryde hym alone. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.conj.c1410v.OE
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