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单词 by-
释义

by-comb. form

Stress is often attracted to this combining form.
Forms: Middle English bi-, Middle English– by-, 1500s– bye-.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: be- prefix, bi- prefix; by prep.; by adv.; by adj.
Etymology: In sense 1 a variant of be- prefix and bi- prefix. In sense 2 partly < by prep., partly < by adv., and partly < by adj.: see discussion at sense 2.
1. A Middle English variant spelling of the prefix bi- prefix, be- prefix, under which see most of the words, as, under be- prefix, bycause, bydene, bydryve, byfall, byfore, byget, bygynne, bygile, etc.; under bi- prefix, byreusy, byweve, etc.Those words only are given under by- comb. form for which no forms with be- or bi- have been met with.
2. The preposition, adverb, or adjective by prep. and adv., by adj. in combination, either in words already formed in Old English with the accented form of the prefix, bí-, big-, or in words of later formation, especially those in which by has an attributive sense, and cannot be separated by any clear line from by adj., since the use of the hyphen is very uncertain. All the principal words so formed are treated as main words in their alphabetical places; the less important and more obvious combinations here follow, under the various uses and senses of the prefix.
a. Compounds in which by- is a preposition. See also by-hither, by south at by prep. 9c, by-rote adj., by ordinary, by common at by prep. 7, etc., and by hand at hand n. Phrases 1b(a).
b. Compounds in which by- has an adverbial force.
(a) With nouns of agent or action, with senses ‘beside, past’.
(i)
by-inhabitant n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪᵻnˌhabᵻt(ə)nt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪᵻnˌhæbətnt/
,
/ˈbaɪᵻnˌhæbədənt/
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > [noun] > neighbour
nexteOE
neighboureOE
neighbouressa1425
promea1425
confines1531
door-neighbour1562
confiner1599
by-dweller1611
by-inhabitanta1657
Mrs Next-Door1855
nigh-dweller1867
a1657 W. Burton Comm. Antoninus his Itinerary (1658) 135 Ruins of Walls, which the by-inhabitants call, The old Work of Wrockcester.
by-seer n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪsɪə/
,
/ˈbʌɪˌsiːə/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌsɪ(ə)r/
,
/ˈbaɪˌsiər/
ΚΠ
1642 T. Hill Trade of Truth 45 Many are aposcopi, rather then Episcopi.. by-seers, rather then over~seers.
by-sitter n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌsɪtə/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌsɪdər/
ΚΠ
1837 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 26 July in Amer. Notebks. (1972) ii. 58 Others of the..by-sitters, put various questions.
by-stroller n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌstrəʊlə/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌstroʊlər/
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > going on foot > [noun] > one going on foot > leisurely or idly
saunterer1688
toddler1793
stroller1834
by-stroller1859
1859 G. A. Sala Twice round Clock 12 Yawing..on the bye-strollers.
(ii)
† by-coming n. Obsolete passing.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > pass by > passing
passc1330
to come byc1450
by-coming1600
1600 Earle of Gowries Conspiracie sig. C2 Which [doore]..he had lockt in his by-comming.
† by-lier n. Obsolete a neutral.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > peace > neutrality > [noun] > a neutral
neutralc1449
neutrality1480
neuter1555
by-liera1572
non-intervener1937
a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation 222 (Jam.) In caise it beis inquyred of all By-lyars.
† by-settel n. Obsolete a lodger; so by-dweller n., bystander n., etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > temporary inhabitant > [noun] > in another's house > lodger
boarder1530
inmake1536
inmate1589
quarterer1595
commoner1598
tabler1598
by-settel1612
lodgera1616
inquilinea1641
pensioner1673
pensionnairea1794
Artful Dodger1839
paying guest1853
roomer1859
star boarder1875
pension-boarder1898
latchkey1905
PG1925
1612 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1884) I. 264 These persons following for reteyning of inmates or by-settells.
(b) With the sense ‘aside, side prep. ’.
(i)
by-glance n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪɡlɑːns/
,
/ˈbʌɪɡlans/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌɡlæns/
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > a look or glance > [noun] > sideways
side-lookinga1500
side looka1586
blench1609
side glance1611
leera1616
skew1622
askewa1641
gloat1645
glega1650
by-glancea1658
squint1673
by-view1753
sklent1818
glee1828
squinny1902
a1658 J. Cleveland Committee in Wks. (1687) 208 No packing, I beseech you, no by-glance.
by glancing n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪ ˌɡlɑːnsɪŋ/
,
/ˈbʌɪ ˌɡlansɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪ ˌɡlænsɪŋ/
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > [noun] > looking sideways
by glancing1598
squinting1611
1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales xiv. iii. 203 By a by-glancing at Claudius raigne.
by-leap n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪliːp/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌlip/
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > leaping, springing, or jumping > [noun] > one who or that which > a leap to the side
by-leap1571
1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (xi. 2) The fearfull bird, was fayne to make dyverse byleapes.
by-start n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪstɑːt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌstɑrt/
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > sideways movement or a sideways movement > [noun]
by-start1542
siding1646
crab1929
sidewinding1930
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 280v His soudiours in gooyng foorthward..made by stertes out of their waye, and did muche oppression.
by-step n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪstɛp/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌstɛp/
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > sideways movement or a sideways movement > [noun] > a sideways step
by-step1567
sidestepa1656
1567 T. Drant in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie To Rdr. sig. *iiijv To speake according to the man, (which is a bystep from the pathe of diuinitye), [etc.].
1652 E. Benlowes Theophila xiii. cxvi. 251 Pardon the By-steps that my Soul has trod.
(ii) Also by-view n.
by-fantasy n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌfantəsi/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌfæn(t)əsi/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > fancy or fantastic notion > deceptive fancy or illusion > [noun] > that leads astray
by-fantasy1609
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > [noun] > an instance of, illusion > leading astray
ignis fatuus1592
by-fantasy1609
1609 R. Bernard Faithfull Shepheard (new ed.) 14 Interrupted with wauering thoughts and by-fantasies.
by-lusting n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌlʌstɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌləstɪŋ/
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > lasciviousness or lust > [noun]
lustc1000
goleheada1325
luxury1340
luxurec1374
concupiscencec1386
gigletrya1387
nicetya1387
flesh-lusta1400
lovereda1400
sensualities1477
lascivity1490
lubricitya1492
libidinosity1509
luxuriousness1542
veneriousness1547
rammishness1552
luxe1558
ustion1559
lustinessa1575
luxurity1576
lusting1580
by-lusting1583
lasciviousness1590
lusciousness1594
epithymy1600
concupiscency1608
libidinousness1611
lustfulness1611
concupiscentiality1612
rampancy1652
venereousness1659
ustulation1660
lasciviency1664
salaciousness1727
lech1796
lustihood1798
randinessc1890
1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie cxxxvi. 835 He forbiddeth vs also to haue any by lusting.
by-regard n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪrᵻɡɑːd/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪrəˌɡɑrd/
,
/ˈbaɪriˌɡɑrd/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > end, purpose, or object > subsidiary
by1567
by-endc1610
by-regard1623
by-object1768
sub-target1921
1623 W. Lisle in tr. Ælfric Saxon Treat. Old & New Test. Pref. 11 They for divers by-regards, may hide..the truth.
by-thought n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪθɔːt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌθɔt/
,
/ˈbaɪˌθɑt/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > lack of concentration, distraction > [noun] > cause of
by-thought1561
avocation1642
avocament1672
avocativea1677
dissipation1733
call-off1883
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iii. f. 279 No man can be so bente to praye, but that he shall fele many bythoughts to crepe vpon him.
1601 A. Dent Plaine Mans Path-way to Heauen 347 I demaund of you, whether you neuer had any bye thoughts in your prayers.
by-wishing n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌwɪʃɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌwɪʃɪŋ/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > evil desire > [noun]
unlusteOE
by-wishing1571
blood-hunter1644
1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (xxxv. 14) To some it seemeth a by-wishing.
(iii) dialect. Cf. by-blow n. 3.
by-child n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪtʃʌɪld/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌtʃaɪld/
(also bye-child) a bastard.
ΚΠ
1873 Lett. from Jamaica 81 Concubinage is a universal institution, and bears with it no disgrace. The offspring of such connexions—‘bye-children’, ‘out-children’, or ‘love-children’, as they are called,—generally follow the mother.
1894 H. Caine Manxman iii. xvi You'd be hearing of the by-child, it's like?
by-son n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪsʌn/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌsən/
ΚΠ
1887 A. E. Barr Border Shepherdess xii ‘That play-acting by-son o' the Graeme.’ ‘He was no by-son.’
(c) With a sense akin to that of side-blow, side-stroke; and often figurative of allusions in speech or writing: ‘Indirect’.
(i)
by-fling n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪflɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌflɪŋ/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > indirect > instance of
sidestroke1611
by-wipe1641
by-fling1651
sidewipe1757
sidekick1844
by-quip1855
sidewiper1870
sideswipe1882
snipe1969
1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism Apol. 8 Many told him of my by-flings at him.
by-hint n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪhɪnt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌhɪnt/
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > hint or covert suggestion > [noun]
feelc1485
inkling1529
intimation1531
insinuation1532
by-warning1542
byword1542
item1561
cue1565
air1567
vent1613
insusurration1614
hinta1616
injection1622
indication1626
infusion1641
side glance1693
ground bass1699
touch1706
side view1747
sidewipe1757
allusion1766
penumbra1770
breath1795
slyness1823
by-hint1853
light1854
shove1857
suggestion1863
sous-entendu1865
point1870
sidewiper1870
sniff1936
1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia II. vi. 163 By-hints, and unexpected hits at one and the other.
by-quip n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪkwɪp/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌkwɪp/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > caustic or ironic ridicule > [noun] > instance of
gesta1387
quippy1519
quip1532
irony1534
nip1549
taunta1566
slent?1567
gamegall1577
yark1577
veny1586
jerk1590
wipe1596
glance1602
satire1606
by-wipe1641
quib1656
trait1704
skit1727
slant1825
ironism1842
wiper1846
by-quip1855
satirization1868
snapper1890
crack1896
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > indirect > instance of
sidestroke1611
by-wipe1641
by-fling1651
sidewipe1757
sidekick1844
by-quip1855
sidewiper1870
sideswipe1882
snipe1969
1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! xiii Some bye-quip, perhaps, at the character of her most dainty captain.
by-stroke n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪstrəʊk/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌstroʊk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > crafty dealing > devious ways or dealings > instance of
windlassa1569
by-stroke1679
knight's move1958
1679 W. Bedloe Narr. Horrid Popish Plot Epist. sig.Av I shall say nothing of their Politick By-strooks.
(ii)
by-wipe n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪwʌɪp/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌwaɪp/
(= sidestroke n. 1).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > caustic or ironic ridicule > [noun] > instance of
gesta1387
quippy1519
quip1532
irony1534
nip1549
taunta1566
slent?1567
gamegall1577
yark1577
veny1586
jerk1590
wipe1596
glance1602
satire1606
by-wipe1641
quib1656
trait1704
skit1727
slant1825
ironism1842
wiper1846
by-quip1855
satirization1868
snapper1890
crack1896
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > indirect > instance of
sidestroke1611
by-wipe1641
by-fling1651
sidewipe1757
sidekick1844
by-quip1855
sidewiper1870
sideswipe1882
snipe1969
1641 J. Milton Animadversions 5 Wherefore that conceit of Legion with a by-wipe?
(d) With participles.
(i)
by-flown adj.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪfləʊn/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌfloʊn/
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > [adjective]
formerc1160
apassedc1314
past1340
preterite1340
eldera1400
elderna1400
eldernlya1400
bygone1424
bypast1452
ancient1490
by-runa1522
bywenta1522
spent1528
departed1552
forepassed1557
preter1578
by-come1592
worn-out1594
preterlapsed1599
foregone1609
worna1616
elapseda1644
lapsed1702
surpassed1725
gone-by1758
back1808
old-time1865
by-flown1884
1884 H. S. Wilson Stud. Hist. 171 Mere names, vaguely realised through the mists of a by-flown time.
Thesaurus »
by-travelling adj.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌtravl̩ɪŋ/
,
/ˈbʌɪˌtrav(ə)lɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌtræv(ə)lɪŋ/
by-wandering adj.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌwɒnd(ə)rɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌwɑnd(ə)rɪŋ/
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > [adjective] > wandering
by-wandering1597
truant1793
1597 Pilgrimage Parnassus i. 114 Keepe mee from devious and by-wandringe wayes.
(ii)
by-advanced adj.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪədvɑːnst/
,
/ˈbʌɪədvanst/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪədˌvænst/
already past.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > [adjective] > already past
by-advanced1827
1827 T. Carlyle Richter in Edinb. Rev. June 194 In thy steeples behind the by-advanced great midnight, it struck half-past two.
† by-come adj. Obsolete past.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > [adjective]
formerc1160
apassedc1314
past1340
preterite1340
eldera1400
elderna1400
eldernlya1400
bygone1424
bypast1452
ancient1490
by-runa1522
bywenta1522
spent1528
departed1552
forepassed1557
preter1578
by-come1592
worn-out1594
preterlapsed1599
foregone1609
worna1616
elapseda1644
lapsed1702
surpassed1725
gone-by1758
back1808
old-time1865
by-flown1884
1592 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) vii. xxxvi. 155 His happiest daies by-come or to be past.
by-peeping adj.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌpiːpɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌpipɪŋ/
looking aside; bygone adj. and n., bypast adj., etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > [adjective] > looking sideways
leering1546
gloating1602
by-peepinga1616
side-glancinga1794
side-looking1829
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. vi. 109 By peeping in an eye Base and illustrious. View more context for this quotation
c. Combinations in which by has an adjectival force.Here the senses so pass one into another, that it is not possible to classify them distinctly; different senses also often blend in the same combination. The following arrangement aims only at presenting the more obvious combinations under their predominating sense.
(a) With a notion of local position or direction and usually equivalent to side n.1
(i) in the sense ‘Placed beside, at one side, aside, or off at the side’, hence ‘out-of-the-way’; generally with relation to a main or principal thing of the same kind, and thus often involving some notion of ‘subsidiary’ or ‘subordinate’ (see 2c(c)). Also by-place n., by-room n., by-table n., etc.
† by-board n. Obsolete (= side-table)
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > table > [noun] > dining table > side table
sideboarda1383
side table1397
by-table1550
livery table1577
by-board1637
sideboard table1679
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. lxxvii. 198 A sufferer for Christ..will be fain to eat with the bairns and to take the by-board.
by-chamber n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌtʃeɪmbə/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌtʃeɪmbər/
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room by situation > [noun] > outlying room
outchamberc1475
by-room1598
outroom1602
by-chamber1853
1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia II. xii. 312 Where was he now? In a little by chamber.
by-chapel n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌtʃapl/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌtʃæp(ə)l/
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > chapel > [noun]
chapelc1330
porch1522
by-chapel1562
sacellum1806
1562 T. Cooper Answere Def. Truth f. 35, in Apol. Priuate Masse To creepe in corners or by chapels as a signe of seperation.
by-cliff n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪklɪf/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌklɪf/
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > cliff > [noun] > other cliffs
by-cliff1596
undercliff1829
headwall1875
rock pitch1897
1596 C. Fitzgeffry Sir Francis Drake sig. F6v O now descend my ever-mourning Muse Downe from the by-cliffe of thy sisters mount.
by-closet n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌklɒzɪt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌklɑzət/
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > cupboard or cabinet > [noun] > other cupboards or cabinets
Flanders chest1400
warestall1508
livery cupboard1571
boy1656
by-closet1696
corner-cupboard1711
India cabinet1721
pot-cupboard1789
housemaid's cupboard1843
monocleid1885
vargueño1911
console1925
cocktail cabinet1928
storage unit1951
1696 W. Whiston Disc. conc. Mosaick Hist. Creation 57 in New Theory of Earth Will a wise Builder bestow twice as much time in decking..of one By-closet of inferior use?
by-dish n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪ(ˌ)dɪʃ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌdɪʃ/
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > [noun] > dish > side-dish
entremet1477
by-dish1599
garnisha1640
side dish1702
side plate1714
side1847
banchan1938
side salad1940
1599 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner To Rdrs. sig. A2 I haue put into a by-dish (like Eg-shelles in an Saucer) what worthily may breed offence.
by-door n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪdɔː/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌdɔr/
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of door > [noun] > other types of door
hall-doorc1275
falling doorc1300
stable doorc1330
vice-door1354
hecka1400
lodge-doorc1400
street door1465
gate-doora1500
portal1516
backdoor1530
portal door1532
side door1535
by-door1542
outer door1548
postern door1551
house door1565
fore-door1581
way-door1597
leaf door1600
folding door1611
clap-door1625
balcony-door1635
out-door1646
anteportc1660
screen door1668
frontish-door1703
posticum1704
side entrance1724
sash-door1726
Venetian door1731
oak1780
jib-door1800
trellis?c1800
sporting door1824
ledge-door1825
through door1827
bivalves1832
swing-door1833
tradesmen's entrance1838
ledged door1851
tradesmen's door?1851
fire door1876
storm door1878
shoji1880
fire door1889
Dutch door1890
patio door1900
stable door1900
ledge(d) and brace(d) door1901
suicide door1925
louvre door1953
1542 H. Brinkelow Lamentacion sig. Bviv They maye forsake their bydoares and clymmyng in at the wyndowes.
by-gulf n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪɡʌlf/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌɡəlf/
ΚΠ
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. xxxi. 84 He like a by-gulf devoured her affection, which should flow to her children.
by-hole n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪhəʊl/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌhoʊl/
ΚΠ
1664 H. More Apol. in Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 565 They..seek for Inspirations and Revelations in by-holes amongst the squallid Sepulchers of the dead.
by-nook n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪnʊk/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌnʊk/
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > secluded place or place of seclusion > [noun] > out-of-the-way place
out-corner1530
out-place1530
by-corner1567
by-place1580
out-nook1605
by-part1707
by-nook1862
1862 ‘Scrutator’ Country Gentleman II. 145 Odd corners, and little by-nooks.
† by-note n. Obsolete (= side or marginal note)
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > commentary > [noun] > comment or note > marginal note
postilc1395
apostil1527
by-note1579
marginal1606
postillism1626
side note1730
marginalia1819
1579 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 78 I have once in my life bestowid uppon the a Byenote for thy lerninge.
a1603 T. Cartwright Confut. Rhemists New Test. (1618) 581 This reliefe, whereof your by-note in the margent tatleth.
by-paper n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌpeɪpə/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌpeɪpər/
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > essay > [noun] > other types of essay
paper1652
by-paper1659
communication1668
programme1671
memoira1680
photo-essay1948
1659 O. Walker Some Instr. Art of Oratory 108 A memorandum being made of it in a by-paper as you are writing.
by-part n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪpɑːt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌpɑrt/
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > secluded place or place of seclusion > [noun] > out-of-the-way place
out-corner1530
out-place1530
by-corner1567
by-place1580
out-nook1605
by-part1707
by-nook1862
1707 J. Stevens tr. F. de Quevedo Comical Wks. 63 Apple-street..is a by-part of the Town.
by-settle n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌsɛtl/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌsɛd(ə)l/
(= side seat or bench),
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > bench > [noun] > settle
langsettle1352
saddle1489
settle1553
by-settle1602
settle-chair1688
settle-bench1740
1602 S. Rowlands Greenes Ghost (1860) 26 A cloake vpon a by-settle.
by-slade n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪsleɪd/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌsleɪd/
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > valley > [noun] > other types
brem valayc1400
glack1535
grain1542
by-slade1635
by-vale1686
water gap1756
hanging valley1900
through valley1901
palm bottom1902
wadi1902
pocket valley1904
1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Donzella Desterrada 126 They found, in an uncouth by-slad, a slender Barge.
bye-spot n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪspɒt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌspɑt/
ΚΠ
1887 M. Wetheral Two North-country Maids xxiv. 170 Gale Syke Tower is a bit lonesome, being what mother calls a ‘bye-spot’.
† by-stall n. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > working face or place > in coal mine > subsidiary
by-stall1682
1682 MS Order Court of Sewers, Alford, Lincs. The breaches of the New Sea Banke & Bystall lately broken.
by-station n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌsteɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌsteɪʃ(ə)n/
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > station > other types
stopping station1840
way station1840
flag-station1852
by-station1864
transfer station1869
junction1876
stationette1891
station house1891
halt1910
stub station1916
ghost station1928
whistle-stop1934
parkway1972
1864 Times 24 Dec. A goods train is timed to be shunted at a by-station.
by-tail n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪteɪl/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌteɪl/
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > plough-tail or stilt
startOE
stiltc1340
plough-start1440
tail1466
plough handle?c1475
steer-tree1483
plough stilt?1523
plough-tail?1523
stilking?1523
steer1552
hale?1570
stive1693
plough-tree1799
by-tail1879
1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. By-tail, the right handle of a plough; it is fastened to the ‘shell~board’.
by-town n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪtaʊn/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌtaʊn/
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town > [noun] > town by situation
thoroughfare1424
thoroughfare town1515
outtown?1517
sea-town1578
frontier1604
by-town1683
out-borough1832
out-township1837
1683 Royal Procl. in London Gaz. No. 1856/2 A Settled Post in or near particular By-Towns, or Places lying on the Post Road.
by-vale n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪveɪl/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌveɪl/
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > valley > [noun] > other types
brem valayc1400
glack1535
grain1542
by-slade1635
by-vale1686
water gap1756
hanging valley1900
through valley1901
palm bottom1902
wadi1902
pocket valley1904
1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. iv. 10 Dayes wherein Fog..chooses to nestle in a by-Vale.
by-window n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌwɪndəʊ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌwɪndoʊ/
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of window > [noun] > side window
by-window1611
sidelighta1645
1611 L. Barry Ram-Alley iv. sig. F3v She is showing..rare faces, In a by window.
(ii) in the sense ‘Running along-side and apart’, whence ‘devious, circuitous’, and again ‘little used, unfrequented’.
(1)
by-alley n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌali/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌæli/
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > lane > [noun] > side lane or alley
by-lane1587
by-alley?1677
by-passage1697
wynd1952
?1677 S. Primatt City & Covntry Purchaser & Builder 148 The Statute..for By-Alleys, Lanes, By-Courts, and such places.
by-conduit n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌkɒnd(w)ɪt/
,
/ˈbʌɪˌkɒndjʊɪt/
,
/ˈbʌɪˌkʌndɪt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌkɑnduət/
,
/ˈbaɪˌkɑndwət/
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > conduit, channel, or tube
conduit1340
conveyance1577
forcer1598
lead1598
suspiracle1598
trunk1610
by-conduit1631
ducture1670
boxing1683
duct1713
launder1736
1631 J. Mabbe tr. F. de Rojas Spanish Bawd iv. 50 Glory and quietnesse run from the rich by other by-conduits and gutters of subtilty and deceit.
by-course n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪkɔːs/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌkɔrs/
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > [noun] > course or direction of movement > at the side
by-course1655
1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 37 Irregular running into all by-courses of the Planets.
by-court n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪkɔːt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌkɔrt/
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town or city > part of town or city > [noun] > open space > court > unfrequented
by-court1753
1753 World 27 Dec. 313 Returning home through a by-court.
by-cut n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪkʌt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌkət/
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water
water leatOE
water lade1224
leat1279
watergang1293
sow1316
trough1398
wissinga1400
lanec1420
waterway1431
water leasow1440
watercoursea1450
fleam1523
lead1541
cut1548
aqueducta1552
lake1559
strand1565
race1570
channel1581
watergauge1597
gout1598
server1610
carriage1669
runnel1669
aquage1706
shoot1707
tewel1725
run1761
penstock1763
hulve1764
way-gang1766
culvert1774
flume1784
shute1790
pentrough1793
raceway1793
water carriage1793
carrier1794
conductor1796
water carrier1827
penchute1875
chute1878
by-cut1883
1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 10 Nov. 8/2 Clearing the Regent's Canal and the by-cut at Haggerston.
by-ditch n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪ(ˌ)dɪtʃ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌdɪtʃ/
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > ditch
dikec893
gripa1000
ditch1045
fosselOE
water-furrowlOE
sow1316
furrowc1330
rick1332
sewer1402
gripplec1440
soughc1440
grindle1463
sheugh1513
syre1513
rain?1523
trench1523
slough1532
drain1552
fowsie?1553
thorougha1555
rean1591
potting1592
trink1592
syver1606
graft1644
work1649
by-ditch1650
water fence1651
master drain1652
rode1662
pudge1671
gripe1673
sulcus1676
rhine1698
rilling1725
mine1743
foot trench1765
through1777
trench drain1779
trenchlet1782
sunk fence1786
float1790
foot drain1795
tail-drain1805
flow-dike1812
groopa1825
holla1825
thorough drain1824
yawner1832
acequia madre1835
drove1844
leader1844
furrow-drain1858
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine i. x. 32 The by-ditches of Dan and Bethel, did not so drain the peoples devotion.
by-journey n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌdʒəːni/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌdʒərni/
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > a journey > [noun] > aside from the main journey
by-journey1673
side trip1856
1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 38 Before we left Leyden we made a by-journey to Sevenbuys.
by-rill n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪ(ˌ)rɪl/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌrɪl/
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > tributary > [noun] > side-stream or backwater
wash1530
by-river1577
by-stream1615
float1629
slew1708
by-rilla1711
marigot1759
off-stream1793
slougha1817
spreader1845
backwater1863
by-water1863
by-channel1864
billabong1865
a1711 T. Ken Hymnotheo in Wks. (1721) III. 243 Sin with by-rills devaricates the Stream.
by-river n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌrɪvə/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌrɪvər/
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > tributary > [noun] > side-stream or backwater
wash1530
by-river1577
by-stream1615
float1629
slew1708
by-rilla1711
marigot1759
off-stream1793
slougha1817
spreader1845
backwater1863
by-water1863
by-channel1864
billabong1865
1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. i. xi. f. 35v/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I As beside a fewe bye ryuers.
by-route n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪruːt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌrut/
,
/ˈbaɪˌraʊt/
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > [noun] > by-way (not main route)
by-gatec1330
byway1330
outwaya1382
sidewayc1450
back-way1577
diverticle1582
diverticulum1647
by-route1855
1855 Chambers's Jrnl. 4 37 We return to the city by a by-route little frequented.
by-shoot n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪʃuːt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌʃut/
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun] > sucker or side-shoot
scourgea1382
by-sprouting1562
sucker1577
lateral1578
offset1642
spiney1649
side shoot1658
appendix1664
by-shoot1669
water sprout1688
turion1725
tiller1733
surculus1775
suckler1796
suckling1798
offshoot1814
stool1818
base shoot1835
side-tiller1903
toe1952
1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) viii. §3. 161 Take away about blossoming time, all the by-shots.
by-stream n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪstriːm/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌstrim/
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > tributary > [noun] > side-stream or backwater
wash1530
by-river1577
by-stream1615
float1629
slew1708
by-rilla1711
marigot1759
off-stream1793
slougha1817
spreader1845
backwater1863
by-water1863
by-channel1864
billabong1865
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 550 Learned men..may repaire to those fountaines from whence we haue drawne our by-streame.
by-track n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪtrak/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌtræk/
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > track, trail, or path > [noun] > side
side path1683
sidetrack1834
by-track1836
1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge ii. 35 We encountered in another small by-tracke..three others.
by-turning n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌtəːnɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌtərnɪŋ/
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > junction of roads, paths, or tracks > [noun] > place where road or path turns off
turningc1384
by-turninga1586
turn-off1888
turn-in1959
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. E3v The many by-turnings that may diuert you from your way.
by-water n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌwɔːtə/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌwɔdər/
,
/ˈbaɪˌwɑdər/
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > tributary > [noun] > side-stream or backwater
wash1530
by-river1577
by-stream1615
float1629
slew1708
by-rilla1711
marigot1759
off-stream1793
slougha1817
spreader1845
backwater1863
by-water1863
by-channel1864
billabong1865
1863 H. W. Bates Naturalist on River Amazons I. vi. 237 An extensive lake..which..has therefore the appearance of a by-water or an old channel of the river.
(2) Also by-channel n., by-street n., by-walk n., etc.
bygang n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪɡaŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌɡæŋ/
dialect a by-path.
ΚΠ
1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 24 By-gang, a by-path.
by-gate n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪɡeɪt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌɡeɪt/
dialect a byway.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > acquisition > [noun] > that which is obtained or acquired
strainc950
i-winc1000
winc1175
winninga1300
purchasec1325
by-gatec1330
getc1390
gettingc1400
acquisition1477
conquest1556
gleaning1576
acquiring1606
acquest1622
acquist1635
attain1661
obtainment1829
acquiree1950
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > [noun] > by-way (not main route)
by-gatec1330
byway1330
outwaya1382
sidewayc1450
back-way1577
diverticle1582
diverticulum1647
by-route1855
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (Rolls Ser.) 10145 Bigate [see by-way n.].
1573 J. Tyrie Refut. Ansuer Knox Pref. 7 (Jam.) Euer seikand refugis and by-gets.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 102 Thay take the pray, be boutgates alanerlie & bygates.
1808 J. Mayne Siller Gun (new ed.) ii. 31 (Jam.) By a' the bye-gates..crouds were flocking down.
by-lead n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪliːd/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌlid/
= by-wash n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water > for surplus water > for overflow of reservoir, etc.
by-lead1885
by-wash1885
spillway1889
1885 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. Bye-wash, By-lead, a channel cut to convey the surplus water from a reservoir or aqueduct, and prevent overflow.
by-sprouting n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌspraʊtɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌspraʊdɪŋ/
a side-shoot.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun] > sucker or side-shoot
scourgea1382
by-sprouting1562
sucker1577
lateral1578
offset1642
spiney1649
side shoot1658
appendix1664
by-shoot1669
water sprout1688
turion1725
tiller1733
surculus1775
suckler1796
suckling1798
offshoot1814
stool1818
base shoot1835
side-tiller1903
toe1952
1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 84 Peony..hath many bysproutynges.
by-wash n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪwɒʃ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌwɔʃ/
,
/ˈbaɪˌwɑʃ/
(see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water > for surplus water > for overflow of reservoir, etc.
by-lead1885
by-wash1885
spillway1889
1885 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. Bye-wash, By-lead, a channel cut to convey the surplus water from a reservoir or aqueduct, and prevent overflow.
(iii) Transferred to matters, action, etc., collateral with the main matter or action: ‘aside, side prep. ’. Also by-play n.
by-battle n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌbatl/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌbæd(ə)l/
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed encounter > [noun] > battle or a battle > other types of battle
just battle?1483
by-battle1842
hackathon1985
1842 T. De Quincey Cicero in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 12/1 The bye-battle with the Cilician pirates, is more obscure.
by-concernment n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪkənˌsəːnm(ə)nt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪkənˌsərnm(ə)nt/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > affair, business, concern > [noun] > subsidiary
by-concernment1668
1668 J. Dryden Of Dramatick Poesie 39 Ours [sc. plays], besides the main design, have under plots or by-concernments.
by-consideration n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪkənsɪdəˌreɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪkənˌsɪdəˌreɪʃ(ə)n/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > subsidiary
by-matter1552
by-point1610
by-passage1674
by-consideration1691
by-thing1721
by-interest1801
by-play1816
sideshow1855
1691 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. 60 We are not determined by the Moments of Truth,..but by some other By-Consideration.
by-dialogue n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌdʌɪəlɒɡ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌdaɪəˌlɔɡ/
,
/ˈbaɪˌdaɪəˌlɑɡ/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > other types of conversation
diabologuea1713
giff-gaff1787
by-dialogue1817
question and answer1817
war-talk1831
fast talk1866
heart-to-heart1904
pseudo-conversation1926
team talk1947
psychodrama1952
catch-up1972
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy III. iii. 65 This bye dialogue prevented my hearing what passed between the prisoner and Captain Thornton.
by-discourse n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌdɪskɔːs/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌdɪskɔrs/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speech-making > [noun] > a discourse or lecture
spellc888
predicationa1325
lessonc1330
collation1417
sermocination1514
discourse1533
lecture1536
descant1567
peroration1607
homilya1616
sermona1616
exercitation1632
transcursion1641
exhortatory1656
by-discourse1660
screed1748
purlicue1825
rhesis1840
talk1859
lecturette1867
chalk talk1881
pi-jaw1896
1660 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. III. v. 146 It is fit to premise, and put, as a by-discourse, a Treatise concerning divine Nature.
by-disputation n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪdɪspjᵿˌteɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌdɪspjəˌteɪʃ(ə)n/
,
/ˈbaɪˌdɪspjuˌteɪʃ(ə)n/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > [noun] > subsidiary
by-disputation1580
1580 G. Harvey in E. Spenser & G. Harvey Three Proper & Wittie Lett. 33 But to let this by~disputation passe.
by-history n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌhɪst(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌhɪst(ə)ri/
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > parts of a written composition > [noun] > episode
by-history1697
1697 Verdicts conc. Virg. & Homer iii. 6 The marshalling..of the Episodes or by-Histories.
by-interest n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌɪntrᵻst/
,
/ˈbʌɪˌɪnt(ə)rɛst/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌɪnt(ə)rəst/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > subsidiary
by-matter1552
by-point1610
by-passage1674
by-consideration1691
by-thing1721
by-interest1801
by-play1816
sideshow1855
1801 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) III. 484 They have so many other by-interests of greater weight.
by-issue n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌɪʃ(j)uː/
,
/ˈbʌɪˌɪsjuː/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌɪʃ(j)u/
by-object n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌɒbdʒᵻkt/
,
/ˈbʌɪˌɒbdʒɛkt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌɑbdʒək(t)/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > end, purpose, or object > subsidiary
by1567
by-endc1610
by-regard1623
by-object1768
sub-target1921
1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. 503 A thousand by-objects soliciting on all sides.
by-point n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪpɔɪnt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌpɔɪnt/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > subsidiary
by-matter1552
by-point1610
by-passage1674
by-consideration1691
by-thing1721
by-interest1801
by-play1816
sideshow1855
1610 G. Carleton Iurisdict. 160 Not spending time in the examination of by-points.
1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 Sept. 5/2 But this is a by-point; and in its main line..Mr. Montague's work could hardly be improved upon.
by-question n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌkwɛstʃ(ə)n/
,
/ˈbʌɪˌkwɛstjən/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌkwɛstʃ(ə)n/
,
/ˈbaɪˌkwɛʃtʃ(ə)n/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > materials of topic > [noun] > minor
by-question1603
subtopic1817
sub-theme1880
1603 C. Heydon Def. Iudiciall Astrol. xviii. 385 To digresse from the matter in hand to by-questions.
by-touch n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪtʌtʃ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌtətʃ/
ΚΠ
1832 J. C. Hare Philol. Museum 1 469 The value of the poems is independent of these by-touches.
(iv) The sense ‘aside’, develops that of ‘private, privy, covert’; also connoting ‘indirect, underhand, or sinister’ dealing.
by-aim n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪeɪm/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌeɪm/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > end, purpose, or object > secret
by-errand1673
by-aim1702
by-view1706
by-purpose1826
hidden agenda1955
1702 F. Atterbury Case Schedule Stated 7 [He] might have other By-aims, and Collateral Views, in what he did.
by-babbling n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌbabl̩ɪŋ/
,
/ˈbʌɪˌbablɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌbæb(ə)lɪŋ/
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > rumour > [noun] > tale-bearing
murmurationc1485
tattling1547
talebearing1571
by-babbling1614
twittinga1643
gossiping1712
gossipry1818
gossipred1828
1614 J. Robinson Of Relig. Communion 64 His by-bablings, and revyleings.
by-conference n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌkɒnf(ə)rəns/
,
/ˈbʌɪˌkɒnf(ə)rn̩s/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌkɑnf(ə)rəns/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > conferring or consulting > a conference > particular types of
parliament?a1400
diet1471
symposiac1603
by-conference1625
guestling1629
sanhedrim1653
comitia1684
symposium1784
assembly1794
powwow1812
neighbourhood meeting1823
colloquium1861
congress1861
party conference1875
indaba1894
press conference1908
case conference1913
story conference1920
telemeeting1973
poster session1974
START1981
presser1988
1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis ii. xii. 103 Amongst other by-conference, hee learned thus much..touching the Queenes affaires.
by-contrivement n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪkənˌtrʌɪvm(ə)nt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪkənˌtraɪvm(ə)nt/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > [noun] > operation
clandestine1656
by-contrivement1657
hidlings1823
still hunt1843
1657 T. Reeve God's Plea for Nineveh Ep. Ded. 12 All by-contrivments are but sinister drifts and bents.
by-design n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪdᵻzʌɪn/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪdəˌzaɪn/
,
/ˈbaɪdiˌzaɪn/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > secret or underhand
by-intent1619
by-design1652
1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie To Rdr. sig. A4 Without any by-design to abuse the Reader.
1706 tr. J. B. Morvan de Bellegarde Refl. upon Ridicule 116 With a by-Design to be paid by them in the same Coin.
by-errand n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌɛrənd/
,
/ˈbʌɪˌɛrn̩d/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌɛrənd/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > end, purpose, or object > secret
by-errand1673
by-aim1702
by-view1706
by-purpose1826
hidden agenda1955
1673 W. Cave Primitive Christianity iii. i. 228 To go to Court upon by-errands and private designs of their own.
by-intent n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪɪnˌtɛnt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪᵻnˌtɛnt/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > secret or underhand
by-intent1619
by-design1652
1619 T. Lushington Repetit. Serm. in Phenix (1708) II. 483 Had they any By-intent, they would have been very forward to report and spread the Fame.
by-interest n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌɪntrᵻst/
,
/ˈbʌɪˌɪnt(ə)rɛst/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌɪnt(ə)rəst/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > [noun] > underhand interest
by-interest1692
1692 J. Locke Toleration iii. viii A Pretence made use of to cover some other By-Interest.
by-motive n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌməʊtɪv/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌmoʊdɪv/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > motive > subsidiary
by-respect1585
by-motive1846
1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece I. i. xv. 434 With the certainty of..counterworking sinister by-motives.
by-payment n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌpeɪm(ə)nt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌpeɪm(ə)nt/
ΚΠ
1820 P. B. Shelley Œdipus Tyrannus ii. 28 The patronage, and pensions, and by-payments.
by-practice n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌpraktɪs/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌpræktəs/
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > lack of principle or integrity > [noun] > dishonesty > action
brokery1602
trinketing1646
adultery1753
traffickery1838
hanky-panky1841
grafting1859
shystering1860
graft1865
skulduggery1867
sharp practice1869
in and out work1888
by-practice1913
grift1914
dirty pool1973
1913 C. Read in Eng. Hist. Rev. Jan. 48 Walsingham believed that his [sc. Burghley's] by-practice through Hunsdon with Arran was influenced by these considerations.
by-purpose n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌpəːpəs/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌpərpəs/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > end, purpose, or object > secret
by-errand1673
by-aim1702
by-view1706
by-purpose1826
hidden agenda1955
1826 E. Irving Babylon II. 444 If ye carry any by-purposes in your breast..woe unto you!
by-trick n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪ(ˌ)trɪk/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌtrɪk/
ΚΠ
1818 W. Hazlitt Lect. Eng. Poets (1870) iii. 85 To support his argument by the by-tricks of a hump and cloven foot.
by-warning n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌwɔːnɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌwɔrnɪŋ/
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > hint or covert suggestion > [noun]
feelc1485
inkling1529
intimation1531
insinuation1532
by-warning1542
byword1542
item1561
cue1565
air1567
vent1613
insusurration1614
hinta1616
injection1622
indication1626
infusion1641
side glance1693
ground bass1699
touch1706
side view1747
sidewipe1757
allusion1766
penumbra1770
breath1795
slyness1823
by-hint1853
light1854
shove1857
suggestion1863
sous-entendu1865
point1870
sidewiper1870
sniff1936
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > warning of imminent danger or evil > [noun] > specific types of warning
by-warning1542
gypsy's warning1824
red warning1940
yellow1940
red alert1941
yellow alert1941
red1943
code1957
amber alert1958
content warning1977
trigger warning1993
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. **vj Aristotle..gaue a bywarnyng with this verse of the poete Homere.
by-wit n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪ(ˌ)wɪt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌwɪt/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > wit, wittiness > [noun] > instance of wit, witticism
conceita1522
device1575
by-wit1605
passa1616
witticism1677
point1694
funniness1838
Goldwynism1936
1605 N. Breton Soules Immortall Crowne i. sig. C3 She is of a more heauenly Nature, Then, with such by-wit to abuse a Creature.
(v) Sometimes the sense appears to be ‘wrested from the right, distorted, erroneous’.
by-opinion n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪəˌpɪnjən/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪəˌpɪnjən/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > [noun] > erroneous opinion
by-opinion1670
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > error in belief or opinion > [noun] > instance of
error1340
misbeliefa1387
misopinion1489
delusion1552
fallacy1590
delirium1599
pseudodox1601
ignotion1647
by-opinion1670
night-philosophy1677
sphalm1715
pseudo-idea1863
1670 R. Baxter Cure Church-div. 174 He will make but an engine of his by-opinions, to destroy true Piety.
by-sense n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪsɛns/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌsɛns/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > misinterpretation > distortion or perversion of meaning > [noun] > instance of
violence1546
wresting1551
wreathing1556
strain1579
wrest1581
mis-sense1615
by-signification1651
extortion1652
corruption1699
wrench1701
by-sense1782
corruptibility1847
torturing1855
twist1862
1782 J. Trumbull MʽFingal (new ed.) iii. 51 Liberty in your own by-sense Is but for crimes a patent licence.
† by-shape n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius A vii b Sondry deformed byshapes of doctrine are fostered upp in the Church.
by-signification n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪsɪɡnᵻfᵻˌkeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪsɪɡnəfəˌkeɪʃ(ə)n/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > misinterpretation > distortion or perversion of meaning > [noun] > instance of
violence1546
wresting1551
wreathing1556
strain1579
wrest1581
mis-sense1615
by-signification1651
extortion1652
corruption1699
wrench1701
by-sense1782
corruptibility1847
torturing1855
twist1862
1651 Animadversions in C. Love Case 33 Not wont to pervert or wrest words into by-significations.
(vi) See also 2b, 2c, for combinations which lie on the border between the adverbial and adjective uses of by.
(b) Occurring or done out of the ordinary course, or in the intervals between main occasions, or main engagements; apart from the main purpose; occurring by the way, incidental, casual.
(i)
by-accident n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌaksᵻd(ə)nt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌæksədənt/
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [noun] > chance or fortuitous circumstance
hazard1340
accidencea1393
a venture's strokec1450
chance1487
contingent1548
circumstance1599
lotterya1616
accidency1645
by-accident1648
frisk1665
accidentala1834
1648 Bp. J. Hall Select Thoughts 80 What ever by-accidents I may meet withal besides.
by-betting n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌbɛtɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌbɛdɪŋ/
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > [noun] > types of betting
levanting1788
fielding1854
place betting1864
list-betting1874
sweepstaking1882
by-betting1886
spread betting1972
1886 H. Smart Outsider II. i. 2 On no race of late years had there been so much bye-betting, that is to say, wagers in which one horse was backed against one other.
by-bit n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌbɪt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌbɪt/
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > light meal or snacks
nuncheonc1260
morsela1382
refection?a1439
mixtumc1490
bever1500
banquet1509
collation1525
snatch1570
beverage1577
a little something1577
anders-meat1598
four-hours1637
watering1637
refreshment1639
snap1642
luncheona1652
crib1652
prandicle1656
munchin1657
baita1661
unch1663
afternooning1678
whet1688
nacket1694
merenda1740
rinfresco1745
bagging?1746
snack1757
coffee1774
second breakfast1775
nummit1777
stay-stomach1800
damper1804
eleven o'clock1805
noonshine1808
by-bit1819
morning1819
four1823
four o'clock1825
lunch1829
stay-bit1833
picnic meal1839
elevens1849
Tommy1864
picnic tea1869
dinnerette1872
merienda1880
elevenses1887
light bite1887
soldier's supper1893
mug-up1902
tray1914
café complet1933
nosha1941
namkeen1942
snax1947
snackette1952
chaat1954
ploughman's lunch1957
munchie1959
playlunch1960
short-eat1962
lite bite1965
munchie1971
ploughman1975
aperitivo2002
1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor iv*, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. I. 136 A bye bit between meals.
by-business n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌbɪznᵻs/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌbɪznəs/
,
/ˈbaɪˌbɪznəz/
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > auxiliary or minor work
by-work1587
parergon1607
divertment1613
by-employmenta1617
diversion1637
by-service1639
avocation1642
by-business1653
by-job1773
evocation1810
sideline1886
1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre ii. 49 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian Those Romans finding Petra in their way, attempted the Castle as a by-businesse.
a1677 I. Barrow Serm. Several Occasions (1678) 311 A παρεργον, a diversion or by-business of our lives.
by-day n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪdeɪ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌdeɪ/
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > inaction > [noun] > day on which an activity does not take place
by-day1637
1637 W. Laud Speech in Starr-chamber 18 Upon those by-dayes [i.e. days when there is no sermon] to runne to other Churches.
1857 G. A. Lawrence Guy Livingstone v. 41 Being park-hack in the summer, and cover-hack in the winter, with a bye-day now and then when the country's light.
by-drinking n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌdrɪŋkɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌdrɪŋkɪŋ/
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [noun] > drinking intoxicating liquor > casual drinking
by-drinking1598
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. iii. 72 You owe mony..for your diet, and bydrinkings . View more context for this quotation
1824 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 16 662 The whole expense, by-drinkings included, might be defrayed for four pounds.
by-drop n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪdrɒp/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌdrɑp/
ΚΠ
1647 T. Fuller Good Thoughts in Worse Times ii. i. 5 I..sprinkle some by-drops for the Instruction of the people.
by-employment n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪᵻmˌplɔɪm(ə)nt/
,
/ˈbʌɪɛmˌplɔɪm(ə)nt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪᵻmˌplɔɪm(ə)nt/
,
/ˈbaɪɛmˌplɔɪm(ə)nt/
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > auxiliary or minor work
by-work1587
parergon1607
divertment1613
by-employmenta1617
diversion1637
by-service1639
avocation1642
by-business1653
by-job1773
evocation1810
sideline1886
a1617 S. Hieron Penance for Sinne in Wks. (1620) II. 84 To deceiue their inward anguish, by I know not what by-imployments.
by-goodness n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌɡʊdnəs/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌɡʊdnəs/
ΚΠ
a1680 T. Goodwin Wks. (1681) I. xxvii. 361 There is a proper goodness, and there is an accidental, a by-goodness.
by-hour n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌaʊə/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌaʊər/
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > [noun] > a period of
leisurec1449
non-terminus1573
Sabbatism1582
non-term1607
recess1620
playtime1631
by-hour1639
vacancy1654
relache1780
lounge1806
spellc1845
pink-eye1901
seventh-inning stretch1915
standoff1918
timeout1931
1639 J. Saltmarsh Pract. Policie 278 The best opportunities are meale times, and some other by-houres of relaxation.
1867 S. Smiles Huguenots Eng. & Ireland xiii. 294 His chief delight in his bye-hours was to shut himself up with Le Gendre's arithmetic.
by-job n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪdʒɒb/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌdʒɑb/
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > auxiliary or minor work
by-work1587
parergon1607
divertment1613
by-employmenta1617
diversion1637
by-service1639
avocation1642
by-business1653
by-job1773
evocation1810
sideline1886
1773 R. Graves Spiritual Quixote I. ii. ii. 43 He could secrete a tester for some bye-jobb.
by-letter n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪlɛtə/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌlɛdər/
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > correspondence > letter > [noun] > letters, etc., by method of dispatch or conveyance
post-letter1648
ship-letterc1675
by-letter1685
penny-post letter1686
way letter1710
by-night1766
cross-letter1789
twopenny1818
box letter1827
non-paid1829
balloon-letter1870
pigeongram1875
railway letter1891
pneumatogram1894
airmail1918
aerogram1919
airgram1919
air letter1920
pneumatique1924
pneu1926
snail mail1929
aerogramme1934
airgraph1941
1685 Royal Procl. in London Gaz. No. 2068/2 The Post-Master General..to take effectual Care for the Conveyance of all By-Letters.
by-match n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪmatʃ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌmætʃ/
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > [noun] > types of racing > types of race
wild-goose race1594
wild goose chase1597
bell-course1607
Palio1673
stake1696
paddock course1705
handicap1751
by-match1759
pony race1765
give and take plate1769
sweepstake1773
steeplechase1793
mile-heat1802
steeple race1809
welter1820
trotting-race1822
scurry1824
walkover1829
steeple hunt1831
set-to1840
sky race1840
flat race1848
trot1856
grind1857
feeler1858
nursery1860
waiting race1868
horse-trot1882
selling plate1888
flying milea1893
chase1894
flying handicap1894
prep1894
selling race1898
point-to-point1902
seller1922
shoo-in1928
daily double1930
bumper1946
selling chase1965
tiercé1981
1759 S. Johnson Idler 23 June 193 A chesnut horse..who won..ten bye-matches.
by-production n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪprəˌdʌkʃn/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪprəˌdəkʃ(ə)n/
,
/ˈbaɪproʊˌdəkʃ(ə)n/
[Compare ancient Greek πάρεργον parergon n.]
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > work > product of work > [noun] > subsidiary
by-work1587
by-doing1842
by-production1870
1870 J. R. Lowell My Study Windows 110 The by-productions of a busy man.
by-service n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌsəːvɪs/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌsərvəs/
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > auxiliary or minor work
by-work1587
parergon1607
divertment1613
by-employmenta1617
diversion1637
by-service1639
avocation1642
by-business1653
by-job1773
evocation1810
sideline1886
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iii. xviii. 138 Imploying the armie of Pilgrimes in by-services.
by-sess n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪsɛs/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌsɛs/
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > [noun] > determined by assessment > type of
by-sess1650
fourfold1779
1650 Overseers' Acc. Holy Cross, Canterb. Sixe By Sesses made within the yeare.
by-vote n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪvəʊt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌvoʊt/
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [noun] > putting to vote > vote taken out of ordinary course
by-vote1880
1880 H. E. Manning in 19th Cent. Aug. 181 But Parliament has not yet confirmed that by-vote.
1880 H. E. Manning in 19th Cent. Aug. 181 A by-vote like that which shut the door of the House of Commons against Horne Tooke because he was a clergyman.
by-wager n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌweɪdʒə/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌweɪdʒər/
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > [noun] > type of bet
swoopstake1599
by-beta1627
levant1714
even money1732
play or pay bet1738
side bet1769
long shot1796
sweep1849
pay-or-play1853
sweepstake1861
pari-mutuel1868
to go a raker1869
flutter1874
skinner1874
by-wager1886
plunge1888
accumulator1889
saver1891
mutuel1893
quinella1902
parlay1904
Sydney or the bush1924
treble1924
daily double1930
all-up1933
round robin1944
double1951
twin double1960
perfecta1961
pool1963
lose bet1964
tiercé1964
Yankee bet1964
Yankee1967
nap1971
superfecta1971
tricast1972
triple1972
trixie1973
telebetting1974
trifecta1974
over-and-under1975
over-under1981
spread bet1981
1886 H. Smart Outsider Others.. who had laid these heavy bye-wagers, looking upon the horse as having no possible chance, had never taken the trouble to secure themselves.
(ii)
† by-acquist n. Obsolete an incidental gain.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > acquisition > [noun] > that which is obtained or acquired > an acquisition or gain > casual or accidental
windfall1542
falling1584
by-acquist1661
daebak2003
1661 R. Boyle Some Considerations Style Script. 48 Our By-acquists do richly recompence our frustrated pains.
by-charge n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪtʃɑːdʒ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌtʃɑrdʒ/
a casual expense.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > [noun] > expenses > incidental or additional
oncost1429
uncostc1480
charges1514
by-charge1525
pretereas?a1527
extraordinary1660
incident1737
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. ccxxiv. [ccxx.] 702 To paye the erles by charges.
† by-clap n. Obsolete ? an interlude; also by-time n., by-work n., etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > a play > [noun] > interlude
intermedium1589
jiga1592
intermean1599
garlic1614
entry1631
interlude1660
by-clap1661
divertisement1667
divertissementc1728
interact1750
intermezzo1771
intermede1820
entr'acte1841
metalogue1956
1661 R. Davenport City Night-cap iv, in I. Reed Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Plays (1780) XI. 332 No mask but a by-clap.
(c) Of character, relative standing, or importance: Additional, extra, subsidiary, secondary, minor, of less importance. Contrasted with main adj.2
(i)
by-art n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪɑːt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌɑrt/
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > acquired skill > an accomplishment > minor
by-arta1643
prunes-and-prism1888
a1643 W. Cartwright Poems in Comedies (1651) sig. Uv* What Others now count qualities and Parts She thought but Complements, and meer By-Arts.
by-assembly n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪəˌsɛmbli/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪəˌsɛmbli/
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of deliberative or legislative assembly > [noun] > secondary
by-assembly1673
1673 Sir L. Jenkins Let. in W. Wynne Life I. 121 Encouraging a kind of by-assembly here of the best affected princes of Germany.
by-authority n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪɔːˌθɒrᵻti/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪɔˌθɔrədi/
,
/ˈbaɪəˌθɔrədi/
,
/ˈbaɪɑˌθɔrədi/
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > delegated authority > [noun]
powerc1300
bailliec1305
commission1344
empery?c1400
authorityc1405
lieutenance1524
subcommission1617
by-authority1622
lieutenancya1631
empowerment1651
attribution1796
1622 F. Markham Five Decades Epist. of Warre iv. ix. §6. 156 Many other by-authorities are transferred vpon these officers, as distribution of victuals.
by-bill n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌbɪl/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌbɪl/
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > invoice or bill > types of
long bill1616
by-bill1732
house bill1754
gas bill1816
advice note1834
pro forma1836
wash-bill1873
telephone bill1889
phone bill1936
1732 Acc. Workhouses 148 The weekly payments to the poor were 3l. 5s. or thereabouts, besides By-bills, as they are called.
by-book n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪbʊk/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌbʊk/
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > written record > register or record book > [noun]
Domesday Book1178
registera1325
bookc1405
red book?1445
registery1483
register book1515
regesture1526
registrya1529
enroll1533
ledger1550
ledger-book1553
registry book1562
by-book1593
regest1670
registrary1696
hall-book1746
blotter1887
1593 Munic. Acc. Newcastle (1848) 29 Keepeinge the by-booke of the rente of Gateshead.
1664 S. Pepys Diary 24 Jan. (1971) V. 25 I..fell on entering out of a by-book part of my second Journall-book.
by-cause n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪkɔːz/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌkɔz/
,
/ˈbaɪˌkɑz/
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [noun] > subsidiary or contributory cause
by-grounda1603
occasion1605
by-cause1631
generant1635
concurrency1636
under-cause1645
causa causata1659
concurrent1667
occasional cause1728
condition1817
factor1851
1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre iii. iii. 36 in Wks. II I the said Adam, was one cause (a by-cause) why the purse was lost.
by-ceremony n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌsɛrᵻməni/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌsɛrəˌmoʊni/
ΚΠ
1633 W. Ames Fresh Suit against Human Ceremonies ii. 122 He..doeth now..admit such by-Ceremonies.
by-character n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌkarᵻktə/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌkɛr(ə)ktər/
ΚΠ
1884 W. G. Wills in Pall Mall Gaz. 28 July 4/2 The by-characters..support and feed the situations chiefly occupied by an impression full-length.
by-crop n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪkrɒp/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌkrɑp/
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > other crops
fleece1513
white crop1743
green crop1744
root crop1772
row crop1776
robber1777
mix-grass1778
breaking-crop1808
industrial crop1818
foliage crop1831
kharifa1836
scourge-crop1842
overcrop1858
by-crop1880
coppice-with-standards1882
sewage grass1888
trap-crop1899
cleaning crop1900
nurse crop1907
cover crop1909
smother crop1920
stoop crop1928
snatch crop1937
break crop1967
wholecrop1968
1880 Academy 24 July 61 Jute is only a by-crop, like turnips and beans in this country.
by-dependency n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪdᵻˌpɛnd(ə)nsi/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪdəˌpɛndənsi/
,
/ˈbaɪdiˌpɛndənsi/
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [noun] > dependence > a thing depending on something else
by-dependencya1616
conditionate1678
contingency1818
contingenta1848
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 391 All the other by-dependancies, From chance to chance. View more context for this quotation
by-feature n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌfiːtʃə/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌfitʃər/
ΚΠ
1683 J. Dryden Vindication 6 There is..no dash of a Pen to make any By-feature resemble him to any other Man.
by-help n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪhɛlp/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌhɛlp/
ΚΠ
1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lxxiii. 25) They truste to theire owne riches and other byhelpes.
1882 T. G. Pinches in Trans. Philol. Soc. i. 99 We have, in these tongues, a valuable by-help in the Science of Semitic philology.
by-ingredient n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪɪnˌɡriːdɪənt/
,
/ˈbʌɪɪŋˌɡriːdɪənt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪᵻnˌɡridiənt/
,
/ˈbaɪᵻŋˌɡridiənt/
ΚΠ
1645 J. Goodwin Innocency & Truth Triumphing To Rdr. sig. A2v Did not the God of Truth..put many a by ingredient into his providence.
by-knife n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪnʌɪf/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌnaɪf/
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > knife > [noun] > other knives
bollock knifec1400
paring knife1415
spudc1440
pricking-knifec1500
shaving-knife1530–1
by-knifec1570
heading knife1574
stock knife1582
drawing knife1583
bung-knife1592
weeding knife1598
drawing knife1610
heading knife1615
draw knife1679
dressing knife1683
redishing knife1688
mocotaugan1716
skinning knife1767
paper knife1789
draw shave1824
leaf-cutter1828
piece-knife1833
nut-pick1851
relic knife1854
butch1859
straw-knife1862
sportsman's companion1863
ulu1864
skinner1872
hacker1875
over-shave1875
stripping-knife1875
Stanley knife1878
flat-back1888
gauge-knife1888
tine-knife1888
plough1899
band-knife1926
X-Acto1943
shank1953
box cutter1955
ratchet knife1966
ratchet1975
c1570 Leg. Bp. St. Andrews in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 323 With yt his byknife forth hes tane.
c1650 in C. Innes Sketches Early Sc. Hist. (1861) 431 He had a dirk and a ‘by knife’ for Highland expeditions.
by-legislation n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪlɛdʒᵻˌsleɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌlɛdʒəˌsleɪʃ(ə)n/
ΚΠ
1886 Contemp. Rev. Feb. 231 The Friendly Societies Act..gives powers of by-legislation on specified matters,..all which has only to be certified by a Crown registrar.
by-meaning n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌmiːnɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌminɪŋ/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > semantics > meaning or signification > [noun] > secondary
adsignification1607
by-meaninga1856
a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) I. iii. 54 Discharge from your minds the by-meaning accidentally associated with the word empiric.
by-meter n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌmiːtə/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌmidər/
ΚΠ
1861 H. Mayhew London Labour (new ed.) III. 260/2 There were formerly several bye-meters [for coal], chosen by the merchants from..their own men, as they pleased.
by-ornament n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌɔːnəm(ə)nt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌɔrnəm(ə)nt/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > [noun] > minor
by-ornament1639
1639 P. Massinger Unnaturall Combat Ded. sig. A2v When such by ornaments, were not advanced above the fabricque of the whole worke.
by-part n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪpɑːt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌpɑrt/
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a subordinate part
by-part1639
underpart1711
1639 J. Woodall Surgeons Mate (rev. ed.) sig. G3 A by part of Surgery not common.
by-point n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪpɔɪnt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌpɔɪnt/
ΚΠ
1577 W. Bourne Regiment for Sea i. 8 Betweene euery one of these inferior poynts, and euery one of the head wynds there is a bypoynt or winde.
1883 Man. Seamanship for Boys' Training Ships Royal Navy 98 By-Points. So called because they derive their names from the nearest cardinal or half-cardinal points they are near or by.
by-port n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪpɔːt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌpɔrt/
ΚΠ
1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 3 Aug. 2/1 These nice little four or five thousand ton coasters take in and discharge more cargo at..these by-ports than any regular cargo boat..flying [sic from port to port.]
by-root n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪruːt/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌrut/
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > root > [noun] > rootlet, fibre, or subsidiary root
string1398
by-root1578
fillet1601
taw1615
tapon1641
fibre1656
fang1664
fibril1664
rootlinga1706
lateral root1724
rootlet1783
radicle1793
radicel1819
viver1877
branch-root1884
sprangle1896
thong1927
1578 Bk. Christian Prayers in Private Prayers (1851) 527 To weaken the principal root, that the byroots..may lose all their power.
by-rule n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪruːl/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌrul/
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > [noun] > regulation > a regulation or rule > secondary
by-rule1862
1862 G. U. Pope tr. J.-A. Dubois People of India (ed. 2) iii. vi. 336 (note) The bye-rule that no one shall engage in the same employment as his neighbour.
by-saint's-day n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌseɪntsdeɪ/
,
/ˌbʌɪˈseɪntsdeɪ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˈˌseɪntsˌdeɪ/
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > [noun] > of saint > minor saint
by-saint's-day1624
1624 J. Gee Foot out of Snare 79 When he preacheth vpon any By-Saints-day.
by-stamp n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪstamp/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌstæmp/
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > marking > imprinting > [noun] > imprint > of a stamp or device
printc1300
charactc1384
characterc1384
incuse1818
punching1838
rubber stamp1873
by-stamp1884
1884 Law Times Rep. 51 221/2 They registered such name in Sweden as a bye-stamp in addition to such mark.
by-taste n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪteɪst/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌteɪst/
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > [noun] > aftertaste
aftertaste1592
farewell1634
after treat1674
repetition?c1710
way-gang1754
by-taste1799
whang1905
1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 183 Persons of a nice palate loathe the milk on account of a by-taste, which the turnips give it.
by-tone n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪtəʊn/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌtoʊn/
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > [noun] > note or tone > undertones, overtones, etc.
harmonic1772
undertone1832
subtone1838
by-tone1852
overtone1867
upper partial1873
overnote1917
1852 tr. J. J. Seidel Organ & its Constr. 87 The higher the fundamental tone is, the quicker the by-tones follow each other.
by-world n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪwəːld/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌwər(ə)ld/
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > [noun] > part of
worldc1175
regionc1350
realm1565
possible worlda1674
by-world1709
society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [noun] > other types of civilizations or cultures
economy1535
patriarchy1868
by-world1872
Western world1894
overworld1895
open society1911
pao-chia1931
closed society1935
plural society1939
technopolis1946
shame culture1947
19841951
Hollerith1957
metaculture1959
underground1959
permissive society1960
caring society1966
technocomplex1968
microsociety1970
overground1971
Manhattanism1978
1709 Ld. Shaftesbury Moralists ii. iv. 113 'Tis but a separate By-World..of which there are in the wide Waste Millions besides.
1872 E. Bulwer-Lytton Parisians vii. iii She..did enjoy that ideal by-world.
by-writer n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌrʌɪtə/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌraɪdər/
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > writer or author > [noun] > inferior writer
scribblera1556
paper-blurrera1586
by-writer1587
feather-driver1593
squitter-book1594
paper-stainer1596
blur-paper1603
spoil-paper1610
penster1611
inkhorn matea1616
squitter-wit1615
ink-dabbler1616
squitter-pulpa1640
quill-driver1700
scribble-scrabble1707
authorling1752
writerling1802
inkhorn varlet1820
toe-writer1845
pen-driver1854
anonymuncule1859
ink-jerker1865
pen-pusher1875
pseudonymuncle1875
ink-spiller1881
ink-slinger1887
blotter-
1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) i. ix. 23/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Let vs see what Fortunatus hath written..and afterward what is to be found of other by-writers.
(ii)
by-bootings n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌbuːtɪŋz/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌbudɪŋz/
(also ? by-boltings) ‘the finest kind of bran’ (Halliwell).
by-faith n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪfeɪθ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌfeɪθ/
a secondary article of belief.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > [noun] > secondary
by-faitha1680
a1680 T. Goodwin Wks. (1697) IV. i. 27 The Jews sought it [i.e. righteousness] but as a by-Faith.
by-form n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪfɔːm/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌfɔrm/
a collateral and sometimes less frequent form; spec. in Philology.
ΚΠ
1887 tr. Hehn's Wanderings Pl. & Anim. 461 Some Teutonic languages have a by-form in which the Latin n is retained.
1905 Science 26 May 802/2 The English masque is a by-form of the English drama.
1934 R. C. Priebsch & W. E. Collinson German Lang. ii. ii. 172 The plural Dinge has a pejorative bye-form in Dinger.
by-foundation n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪfaʊnˌdeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪfaʊnˌdeɪʃ(ə)n/
a second endowment or benefaction.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > transfer of property > settlement of property > [noun] > endowment > an endowment
dotation?c1430
foundationc1460
endowage?1529
feoffment1561
endowment1597
indument1602
by-foundation1655
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 76 There is a By-Foundation of Postmasters in this House, (a kinde of Colledg in the Colledg).
by-founder n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌfaʊndə/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌfaʊndər/
the bestower of such an endowment.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > transfer of property > settlement of property > [noun] > endowment > one who
enduerc1449
endower1624
by-founder1655
1655 T. Fuller Hist. Cambr. (1840) 216 The bounty of sir Francis Clark..justly entitled him to be a by-founder.
† by-leman n. Obsolete a second lover or gallant (see quots.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > a lover > [noun] > rival for the affections > second lover or gallant
by-lemana1400
a1400 Octouian (W.) 119 Thy yonge wyyf: Sche hathd a by-leman.
c1400 Lay le Freine 103 Yif ich say ich hadde a bi-leman.
by-member n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌmɛmbə/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌmɛmbər/
an additional limb.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > [noun] > additional
by-member1509
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xxiii. iii A bye membre she [nature] wyll than more devyse.
by-stake n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪsteɪk/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌsteɪk/
each of the short intermediate stakes used in basket-making.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from other vegetable fibres > [noun] > randed work or basketry > foundation or skeleton > foundation rod > specific
spoke1897
league1903
stake1903
by-stake1912
scallom1912
1912 T. Okey Introd. Art of Basket-making viii. 84 It is usual to supplement the stakes with bye-stakes..which are inserted in the waling of the upsett between the pairs of stakes. This is termed half bye-staking. Square work is full bye-staked.
1960 E. Legg Country Baskets 43 Double stakes—this is side stakes and long bye-stakes.
by-stake v.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪsteɪk/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌsteɪk/
to furnish with by-stakes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [verb (transitive)] > basket-making > processes involved in
upset1875
slew1902
fitch1907
slype1910
by-stake1912
rib-rand1959
1912 T. Okey Introd. Art of Basket-making viii. 84 It is usual to supplement the stakes with bye-stakes..which are inserted in the waling of the upsett between the pairs of stakes. This is termed half bye-staking. Square work is full bye-staked.
by-staking n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌsteɪkɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌsteɪkɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1912 T. Okey Introd. Art of Basket-making viii. 84 It is usual to supplement the stakes with bye-stakes..which are inserted in the waling of the upsett between the pairs of stakes. This is termed half bye-staking. Square work is full bye-staked.
by-tack n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪtak/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌtæk/
(see quot.).
ΚΠ
1836 J. Downes Mt. Decameron III. 74 Didn't my father put his father into a bye tack of our farm?
1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Bytack, a farm taken in addition to another farm, and on which the tenant does not reside. Herefordsh.
1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. (at cited word) One 'afe o' the farms bin let bytack.
(d) In the sense of Counterfeit, mock, pseudo-.
† by-fruit n. Obsolete a gall or other excrescence simulating a fruit.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > gall or abnormal growth
gall1398
elationc1420
dog rose1526
tumour?1541
to-growing1562
gall-nut1572
gall-apple1617
apple1668
by-fruit1682
witches' besom1849
witches' broom1856
mad-apple1868
nail gall1879
marble gall1882
gall-knob1892
scroll-gall1895
twig-gall1900
cecidium1902
1682 M. Lister in Philos. Coll. (Royal Soc.) No. 6. 166 By-fruits or Wens which Insects raise upon Vegetables.
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. vi. 224 That by-fruit that grows on the leaves of the Oak, which we call Galls.
† by-gold n. Obsolete imitation gold, tinsel; cf. bigold n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > [noun] > something false or forged > supposedly precious
Martin chain?1550
puff ring1557
St Martin's rings1590
by-gold1611
schlenter1897
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Orpel, silver and by-gold; a kind of leafe-tinne.
by-teacher n.
Brit. /ˈbʌɪˌtiːtʃə/
,
U.S. /ˈbaɪˌtitʃər/
Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > teacher > [noun] > false teacher
darkener1534
non-edificanta1625
by-teacher1633
errorist1647
erronist1654
1633 W. Ames Fresh Suit against Human Ceremonies ii. 210 He maketh shew of a distinction, betwixt an authentique teacher, and another..by-teacher.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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