单词 | by- |
释义 | by-comb. form 1. A Middle English variant spelling of the prefix bi- prefix, be- prefix, under which see most of the words, as, under be- prefix, bycause, bydene, bydryve, byfall, byfore, byget, bygynne, bygile, etc.; under bi- prefix, byreusy, byweve, etc.Those words only are given under by- comb. form for which no forms with be- or bi- have been met with. 2. The preposition, adverb, or adjective by prep. and adv., by adj. in combination, either in words already formed in Old English with the accented form of the prefix, bí-, big-, or in words of later formation, especially those in which by has an attributive sense, and cannot be separated by any clear line from by adj., since the use of the hyphen is very uncertain. All the principal words so formed are treated as main words in their alphabetical places; the less important and more obvious combinations here follow, under the various uses and senses of the prefix. a. Compounds in which by- is a preposition. See also by-hither, by south at by prep. 9c, by-rote adj., by ordinary, by common at by prep. 7, etc., and by hand at hand n. Phrases 1b(a). b. Compounds in which by- has an adverbial force. (a) With nouns of agent or action, with senses ‘beside, past’. (i) by-inhabitant n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > [noun] > neighbour nexteOE neighboureOE neighbouressa1425 promea1425 confines1531 door-neighbour1562 confiner1599 by-dweller1611 by-inhabitanta1657 Mrs Next-Door1855 nigh-dweller1867 a1657 W. Burton Comm. Antoninus his Itinerary (1658) 135 Ruins of Walls, which the by-inhabitants call, The old Work of Wrockcester. by-seer n. Brit. , U.S. , ΚΠ 1642 T. Hill Trade of Truth 45 Many are aposcopi, rather then Episcopi.. by-seers, rather then over~seers. by-sitter n. Brit. , U.S. ΚΠ 1837 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 26 July in Amer. Notebks. (1972) ii. 58 Others of the..by-sitters, put various questions. by-stroller n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > going on foot > [noun] > one going on foot > leisurely or idly saunterer1688 toddler1793 stroller1834 by-stroller1859 1859 G. A. Sala Twice round Clock 12 Yawing..on the bye-strollers. (ii) ΘΚΠ society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > pass by > passing passc1330 to come byc1450 by-coming1600 1600 Earle of Gowries Conspiracie sig. C2 Which [doore]..he had lockt in his by-comming. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > peace > neutrality > [noun] > a neutral neutralc1449 neutrality1480 neuter1555 by-liera1572 non-intervener1937 a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation 222 (Jam.) In caise it beis inquyred of all By-lyars. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > temporary inhabitant > [noun] > in another's house > lodger boarder1530 inmake1536 inmate1589 quarterer1595 commoner1598 tabler1598 by-settel1612 lodgera1616 inquilinea1641 pensioner1673 pensionnairea1794 Artful Dodger1839 paying guest1853 roomer1859 star boarder1875 pension-boarder1898 latchkey1905 PG1925 1612 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1884) I. 264 These persons following for reteyning of inmates or by-settells. (b) With the sense ‘aside, side prep. ’. (i) by-glance n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > a look or glance > [noun] > sideways side-lookinga1500 side looka1586 blench1609 side glance1611 leera1616 skew1622 askewa1641 gloat1645 glega1650 by-glancea1658 squint1673 by-view1753 sklent1818 glee1828 squinny1902 a1658 J. Cleveland Committee in Wks. (1687) 208 No packing, I beseech you, no by-glance. by glancing n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > [noun] > looking sideways by glancing1598 squinting1611 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales xiv. iii. 203 By a by-glancing at Claudius raigne. by-leap n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > leaping, springing, or jumping > [noun] > one who or that which > a leap to the side by-leap1571 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (xi. 2) The fearfull bird, was fayne to make dyverse byleapes. by-start n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > sideways movement or a sideways movement > [noun] by-start1542 siding1646 crab1929 sidewinding1930 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 280v His soudiours in gooyng foorthward..made by stertes out of their waye, and did muche oppression. by-step n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > sideways movement or a sideways movement > [noun] > a sideways step by-step1567 sidestepa1656 1567 T. Drant in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie To Rdr. sig. *iiijv To speake according to the man, (which is a bystep from the pathe of diuinitye), [etc.]. 1652 E. Benlowes Theophila xiii. cxvi. 251 Pardon the By-steps that my Soul has trod. (ii) Also by-view n. by-fantasy n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > fancy or fantastic notion > deceptive fancy or illusion > [noun] > that leads astray by-fantasy1609 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > [noun] > an instance of, illusion > leading astray ignis fatuus1592 by-fantasy1609 1609 R. Bernard Faithfull Shepheard (new ed.) 14 Interrupted with wauering thoughts and by-fantasies. by-lusting n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > lasciviousness or lust > [noun] lustc1000 goleheada1325 luxury1340 luxurec1374 concupiscencec1386 gigletrya1387 nicetya1387 flesh-lusta1400 lovereda1400 sensualities1477 lascivity1490 lubricitya1492 libidinosity1509 luxuriousness1542 veneriousness1547 rammishness1552 luxe1558 ustion1559 lustinessa1575 luxurity1576 lusting1580 by-lusting1583 lasciviousness1590 lusciousness1594 epithymy1600 concupiscency1608 libidinousness1611 lustfulness1611 concupiscentiality1612 rampancy1652 venereousness1659 ustulation1660 lasciviency1664 salaciousness1727 lech1796 lustihood1798 randinessc1890 1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie cxxxvi. 835 He forbiddeth vs also to haue any by lusting. by-regard n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > end, purpose, or object > subsidiary by1567 by-endc1610 by-regard1623 by-object1768 sub-target1921 1623 W. Lisle in tr. Ælfric Saxon Treat. Old & New Test. Pref. 11 They for divers by-regards, may hide..the truth. by-thought n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > lack of concentration, distraction > [noun] > cause of by-thought1561 avocation1642 avocament1672 avocativea1677 dissipation1733 call-off1883 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iii. f. 279 No man can be so bente to praye, but that he shall fele many bythoughts to crepe vpon him. 1601 A. Dent Plaine Mans Path-way to Heauen 347 I demaund of you, whether you neuer had any bye thoughts in your prayers. by-wishing n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > evil desire > [noun] unlusteOE by-wishing1571 blood-hunter1644 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (xxxv. 14) To some it seemeth a by-wishing. (iii) dialect. Cf. by-blow n. 3. by-child n. Brit. , U.S. (also bye-child) a bastard.ΚΠ 1873 Lett. from Jamaica 81 Concubinage is a universal institution, and bears with it no disgrace. The offspring of such connexions—‘bye-children’, ‘out-children’, or ‘love-children’, as they are called,—generally follow the mother. 1894 H. Caine Manxman iii. xvi You'd be hearing of the by-child, it's like? by-son n. Brit. , U.S. ΚΠ 1887 A. E. Barr Border Shepherdess xii ‘That play-acting by-son o' the Graeme.’ ‘He was no by-son.’ (c) With a sense akin to that of side-blow, side-stroke; and often figurative of allusions in speech or writing: ‘Indirect’. (i) by-fling n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > indirect > instance of sidestroke1611 by-wipe1641 by-fling1651 sidewipe1757 sidekick1844 by-quip1855 sidewiper1870 sideswipe1882 snipe1969 1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism Apol. 8 Many told him of my by-flings at him. by-hint n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > hint or covert suggestion > [noun] feelc1485 inkling1529 intimation1531 insinuation1532 by-warning1542 byword1542 item1561 cue1565 air1567 vent1613 insusurration1614 hinta1616 injection1622 indication1626 infusion1641 side glance1693 ground bass1699 touch1706 side view1747 sidewipe1757 allusion1766 penumbra1770 breath1795 slyness1823 by-hint1853 light1854 shove1857 suggestion1863 sous-entendu1865 point1870 sidewiper1870 sniff1936 1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia II. vi. 163 By-hints, and unexpected hits at one and the other. by-quip n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > caustic or ironic ridicule > [noun] > instance of gesta1387 quippy1519 quip1532 irony1534 nip1549 taunta1566 slent?1567 gamegall1577 yark1577 veny1586 jerk1590 wipe1596 glance1602 satire1606 by-wipe1641 quib1656 trait1704 skit1727 slant1825 ironism1842 wiper1846 by-quip1855 satirization1868 snapper1890 crack1896 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > indirect > instance of sidestroke1611 by-wipe1641 by-fling1651 sidewipe1757 sidekick1844 by-quip1855 sidewiper1870 sideswipe1882 snipe1969 1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! xiii Some bye-quip, perhaps, at the character of her most dainty captain. by-stroke n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > crafty dealing > devious ways or dealings > instance of windlassa1569 by-stroke1679 knight's move1958 1679 W. Bedloe Narr. Horrid Popish Plot Epist. sig.Av I shall say nothing of their Politick By-strooks. (ii) by-wipe n. Brit. , U.S. (= sidestroke n. 1).ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > caustic or ironic ridicule > [noun] > instance of gesta1387 quippy1519 quip1532 irony1534 nip1549 taunta1566 slent?1567 gamegall1577 yark1577 veny1586 jerk1590 wipe1596 glance1602 satire1606 by-wipe1641 quib1656 trait1704 skit1727 slant1825 ironism1842 wiper1846 by-quip1855 satirization1868 snapper1890 crack1896 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > indirect > instance of sidestroke1611 by-wipe1641 by-fling1651 sidewipe1757 sidekick1844 by-quip1855 sidewiper1870 sideswipe1882 snipe1969 1641 J. Milton Animadversions 5 Wherefore that conceit of Legion with a by-wipe? (d) With participles. (i) by-flown adj. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > [adjective] formerc1160 apassedc1314 past1340 preterite1340 eldera1400 elderna1400 eldernlya1400 bygone1424 bypast1452 ancient1490 by-runa1522 bywenta1522 spent1528 departed1552 forepassed1557 preter1578 by-come1592 worn-out1594 preterlapsed1599 foregone1609 worna1616 elapseda1644 lapsed1702 surpassed1725 gone-by1758 back1808 old-time1865 by-flown1884 1884 H. S. Wilson Stud. Hist. 171 Mere names, vaguely realised through the mists of a by-flown time. Thesaurus » by-travelling adj. Brit. , U.S. by-wandering adj. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > [adjective] > wandering by-wandering1597 truant1793 1597 Pilgrimage Parnassus i. 114 Keepe mee from devious and by-wandringe wayes. (ii) by-advanced adj. Brit. , U.S. already past.ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > [adjective] > already past by-advanced1827 1827 T. Carlyle Richter in Edinb. Rev. June 194 In thy steeples behind the by-advanced great midnight, it struck half-past two. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > [adjective] formerc1160 apassedc1314 past1340 preterite1340 eldera1400 elderna1400 eldernlya1400 bygone1424 bypast1452 ancient1490 by-runa1522 bywenta1522 spent1528 departed1552 forepassed1557 preter1578 by-come1592 worn-out1594 preterlapsed1599 foregone1609 worna1616 elapseda1644 lapsed1702 surpassed1725 gone-by1758 back1808 old-time1865 by-flown1884 1592 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) vii. xxxvi. 155 His happiest daies by-come or to be past. by-peeping adj. Brit. , U.S. looking aside; bygone adj. and n., bypast adj., etc.ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > [adjective] > looking sideways leering1546 gloating1602 by-peepinga1616 side-glancinga1794 side-looking1829 a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. vi. 109 By peeping in an eye Base and illustrious. View more context for this quotation c. Combinations in which by has an adjectival force.Here the senses so pass one into another, that it is not possible to classify them distinctly; different senses also often blend in the same combination. The following arrangement aims only at presenting the more obvious combinations under their predominating sense. (a) With a notion of local position or direction and usually equivalent to side n.1 (i) in the sense ‘Placed beside, at one side, aside, or off at the side’, hence ‘out-of-the-way’; generally with relation to a main or principal thing of the same kind, and thus often involving some notion of ‘subsidiary’ or ‘subordinate’ (see 2c(c)). Also by-place n., by-room n., by-table n., etc. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > table > [noun] > dining table > side table sideboarda1383 side table1397 by-table1550 livery table1577 by-board1637 sideboard table1679 1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. lxxvii. 198 A sufferer for Christ..will be fain to eat with the bairns and to take the by-board. by-chamber n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room by situation > [noun] > outlying room outchamberc1475 by-room1598 outroom1602 by-chamber1853 1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia II. xii. 312 Where was he now? In a little by chamber. by-chapel n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > chapel > [noun] chapelc1330 porch1522 by-chapel1562 sacellum1806 1562 T. Cooper Answere Def. Truth f. 35, in Apol. Priuate Masse To creepe in corners or by chapels as a signe of seperation. by-cliff n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > cliff > [noun] > other cliffs by-cliff1596 undercliff1829 headwall1875 rock pitch1897 1596 C. Fitzgeffry Sir Francis Drake sig. F6v O now descend my ever-mourning Muse Downe from the by-cliffe of thy sisters mount. by-closet n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > cupboard or cabinet > [noun] > other cupboards or cabinets Flanders chest1400 warestall1508 livery cupboard1571 boy1656 by-closet1696 corner-cupboard1711 India cabinet1721 pot-cupboard1789 housemaid's cupboard1843 monocleid1885 vargueño1911 console1925 cocktail cabinet1928 storage unit1951 1696 W. Whiston Disc. conc. Mosaick Hist. Creation 57 in New Theory of Earth Will a wise Builder bestow twice as much time in decking..of one By-closet of inferior use? by-dish n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > [noun] > dish > side-dish entremet1477 by-dish1599 garnisha1640 side dish1702 side plate1714 side1847 banchan1938 side salad1940 1599 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner To Rdrs. sig. A2 I haue put into a by-dish (like Eg-shelles in an Saucer) what worthily may breed offence. by-door n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of door > [noun] > other types of door hall-doorc1275 falling doorc1300 stable doorc1330 vice-door1354 hecka1400 lodge-doorc1400 street door1465 gate-doora1500 portal1516 backdoor1530 portal door1532 side door1535 by-door1542 outer door1548 postern door1551 house door1565 fore-door1581 way-door1597 leaf door1600 folding door1611 clap-door1625 balcony-door1635 out-door1646 anteportc1660 screen door1668 frontish-door1703 posticum1704 side entrance1724 sash-door1726 Venetian door1731 oak1780 jib-door1800 trellis?c1800 sporting door1824 ledge-door1825 through door1827 bivalves1832 swing-door1833 tradesmen's entrance1838 ledged door1851 tradesmen's door?1851 fire door1876 storm door1878 shoji1880 fire door1889 Dutch door1890 patio door1900 stable door1900 ledge(d) and brace(d) door1901 suicide door1925 louvre door1953 1542 H. Brinkelow Lamentacion sig. Bviv They maye forsake their bydoares and clymmyng in at the wyndowes. by-gulf n. Brit. , U.S. ΚΠ 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. xxxi. 84 He like a by-gulf devoured her affection, which should flow to her children. by-hole n. Brit. , U.S. ΚΠ 1664 H. More Apol. in Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 565 They..seek for Inspirations and Revelations in by-holes amongst the squallid Sepulchers of the dead. by-nook n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > secluded place or place of seclusion > [noun] > out-of-the-way place out-corner1530 out-place1530 by-corner1567 by-place1580 out-nook1605 by-part1707 by-nook1862 1862 ‘Scrutator’ Country Gentleman II. 145 Odd corners, and little by-nooks. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > commentary > [noun] > comment or note > marginal note postilc1395 apostil1527 by-note1579 marginal1606 postillism1626 side note1730 marginalia1819 1579 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 78 I have once in my life bestowid uppon the a Byenote for thy lerninge. a1603 T. Cartwright Confut. Rhemists New Test. (1618) 581 This reliefe, whereof your by-note in the margent tatleth. by-paper n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > essay > [noun] > other types of essay paper1652 by-paper1659 communication1668 programme1671 memoira1680 photo-essay1948 1659 O. Walker Some Instr. Art of Oratory 108 A memorandum being made of it in a by-paper as you are writing. by-part n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > secluded place or place of seclusion > [noun] > out-of-the-way place out-corner1530 out-place1530 by-corner1567 by-place1580 out-nook1605 by-part1707 by-nook1862 1707 J. Stevens tr. F. de Quevedo Comical Wks. 63 Apple-street..is a by-part of the Town. by-settle n. Brit. , U.S. (= side seat or bench),ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > bench > [noun] > settle langsettle1352 saddle1489 settle1553 by-settle1602 settle-chair1688 settle-bench1740 1602 S. Rowlands Greenes Ghost (1860) 26 A cloake vpon a by-settle. by-slade n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > valley > [noun] > other types brem valayc1400 glack1535 grain1542 by-slade1635 by-vale1686 water gap1756 hanging valley1900 through valley1901 palm bottom1902 wadi1902 pocket valley1904 1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Donzella Desterrada 126 They found, in an uncouth by-slad, a slender Barge. bye-spot n. Brit. , U.S. ΚΠ 1887 M. Wetheral Two North-country Maids xxiv. 170 Gale Syke Tower is a bit lonesome, being what mother calls a ‘bye-spot’. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > working face or place > in coal mine > subsidiary by-stall1682 1682 MS Order Court of Sewers, Alford, Lincs. The breaches of the New Sea Banke & Bystall lately broken. by-station n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > station > other types stopping station1840 way station1840 flag-station1852 by-station1864 transfer station1869 junction1876 stationette1891 station house1891 halt1910 stub station1916 ghost station1928 whistle-stop1934 parkway1972 1864 Times 24 Dec. A goods train is timed to be shunted at a by-station. by-tail n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > plough-tail or stilt startOE stiltc1340 plough-start1440 tail1466 plough handle?c1475 steer-tree1483 plough stilt?1523 plough-tail?1523 stilking?1523 steer1552 hale?1570 stive1693 plough-tree1799 by-tail1879 1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. By-tail, the right handle of a plough; it is fastened to the ‘shell~board’. by-town n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town > [noun] > town by situation thoroughfare1424 thoroughfare town1515 outtown?1517 sea-town1578 frontier1604 by-town1683 out-borough1832 out-township1837 1683 Royal Procl. in London Gaz. No. 1856/2 A Settled Post in or near particular By-Towns, or Places lying on the Post Road. by-vale n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > valley > [noun] > other types brem valayc1400 glack1535 grain1542 by-slade1635 by-vale1686 water gap1756 hanging valley1900 through valley1901 palm bottom1902 wadi1902 pocket valley1904 1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. iv. 10 Dayes wherein Fog..chooses to nestle in a by-Vale. by-window n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of window > [noun] > side window by-window1611 sidelighta1645 1611 L. Barry Ram-Alley iv. sig. F3v She is showing..rare faces, In a by window. (ii) in the sense ‘Running along-side and apart’, whence ‘devious, circuitous’, and again ‘little used, unfrequented’. (1) by-alley n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > lane > [noun] > side lane or alley by-lane1587 by-alley?1677 by-passage1697 wynd1952 ?1677 S. Primatt City & Covntry Purchaser & Builder 148 The Statute..for By-Alleys, Lanes, By-Courts, and such places. by-conduit n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > conduit, channel, or tube conduit1340 conveyance1577 forcer1598 lead1598 suspiracle1598 trunk1610 by-conduit1631 ducture1670 boxing1683 duct1713 launder1736 1631 J. Mabbe tr. F. de Rojas Spanish Bawd iv. 50 Glory and quietnesse run from the rich by other by-conduits and gutters of subtilty and deceit. by-course n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > [noun] > course or direction of movement > at the side by-course1655 1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 37 Irregular running into all by-courses of the Planets. by-court n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town or city > part of town or city > [noun] > open space > court > unfrequented by-court1753 1753 World 27 Dec. 313 Returning home through a by-court. by-cut n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water water leatOE water lade1224 leat1279 watergang1293 sow1316 trough1398 wissinga1400 lanec1420 waterway1431 water leasow1440 watercoursea1450 fleam1523 lead1541 cut1548 aqueducta1552 lake1559 strand1565 race1570 channel1581 watergauge1597 gout1598 server1610 carriage1669 runnel1669 aquage1706 shoot1707 tewel1725 run1761 penstock1763 hulve1764 way-gang1766 culvert1774 flume1784 shute1790 pentrough1793 raceway1793 water carriage1793 carrier1794 conductor1796 water carrier1827 penchute1875 chute1878 by-cut1883 1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 10 Nov. 8/2 Clearing the Regent's Canal and the by-cut at Haggerston. by-ditch n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > ditch dikec893 gripa1000 ditch1045 fosselOE water-furrowlOE sow1316 furrowc1330 rick1332 sewer1402 gripplec1440 soughc1440 grindle1463 sheugh1513 syre1513 rain?1523 trench1523 slough1532 drain1552 fowsie?1553 thorougha1555 rean1591 potting1592 trink1592 syver1606 graft1644 work1649 by-ditch1650 water fence1651 master drain1652 rode1662 pudge1671 gripe1673 sulcus1676 rhine1698 rilling1725 mine1743 foot trench1765 through1777 trench drain1779 trenchlet1782 sunk fence1786 float1790 foot drain1795 tail-drain1805 flow-dike1812 groopa1825 holla1825 thorough drain1824 yawner1832 acequia madre1835 drove1844 leader1844 furrow-drain1858 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine i. x. 32 The by-ditches of Dan and Bethel, did not so drain the peoples devotion. by-journey n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > a journey > [noun] > aside from the main journey by-journey1673 side trip1856 1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 38 Before we left Leyden we made a by-journey to Sevenbuys. by-rill n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > tributary > [noun] > side-stream or backwater wash1530 by-river1577 by-stream1615 float1629 slew1708 by-rilla1711 marigot1759 off-stream1793 slougha1817 spreader1845 backwater1863 by-water1863 by-channel1864 billabong1865 a1711 T. Ken Hymnotheo in Wks. (1721) III. 243 Sin with by-rills devaricates the Stream. by-river n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > tributary > [noun] > side-stream or backwater wash1530 by-river1577 by-stream1615 float1629 slew1708 by-rilla1711 marigot1759 off-stream1793 slougha1817 spreader1845 backwater1863 by-water1863 by-channel1864 billabong1865 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. i. xi. f. 35v/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I As beside a fewe bye ryuers. by-route n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > [noun] > by-way (not main route) by-gatec1330 byway1330 outwaya1382 sidewayc1450 back-way1577 diverticle1582 diverticulum1647 by-route1855 1855 Chambers's Jrnl. 4 37 We return to the city by a by-route little frequented. by-shoot n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun] > sucker or side-shoot scourgea1382 by-sprouting1562 sucker1577 lateral1578 offset1642 spiney1649 side shoot1658 appendix1664 by-shoot1669 water sprout1688 turion1725 tiller1733 surculus1775 suckler1796 suckling1798 offshoot1814 stool1818 base shoot1835 side-tiller1903 toe1952 1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) viii. §3. 161 Take away about blossoming time, all the by-shots. by-stream n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > tributary > [noun] > side-stream or backwater wash1530 by-river1577 by-stream1615 float1629 slew1708 by-rilla1711 marigot1759 off-stream1793 slougha1817 spreader1845 backwater1863 by-water1863 by-channel1864 billabong1865 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 550 Learned men..may repaire to those fountaines from whence we haue drawne our by-streame. by-track n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > track, trail, or path > [noun] > side side path1683 sidetrack1834 by-track1836 1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge ii. 35 We encountered in another small by-tracke..three others. by-turning n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > junction of roads, paths, or tracks > [noun] > place where road or path turns off turningc1384 by-turninga1586 turn-off1888 turn-in1959 a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. E3v The many by-turnings that may diuert you from your way. by-water n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > tributary > [noun] > side-stream or backwater wash1530 by-river1577 by-stream1615 float1629 slew1708 by-rilla1711 marigot1759 off-stream1793 slougha1817 spreader1845 backwater1863 by-water1863 by-channel1864 billabong1865 1863 H. W. Bates Naturalist on River Amazons I. vi. 237 An extensive lake..which..has therefore the appearance of a by-water or an old channel of the river. (2) Also by-channel n., by-street n., by-walk n., etc. bygang n. Brit. , U.S. dialect a by-path.ΚΠ 1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 24 By-gang, a by-path. by-gate n. Brit. , U.S. dialect a byway.ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > acquisition > [noun] > that which is obtained or acquired strainc950 i-winc1000 winc1175 winninga1300 purchasec1325 by-gatec1330 getc1390 gettingc1400 acquisition1477 conquest1556 gleaning1576 acquiring1606 acquest1622 acquist1635 attain1661 obtainment1829 acquiree1950 society > travel > means of travel > route or way > [noun] > by-way (not main route) by-gatec1330 byway1330 outwaya1382 sidewayc1450 back-way1577 diverticle1582 diverticulum1647 by-route1855 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (Rolls Ser.) 10145 Bigate [see by-way n.]. 1573 J. Tyrie Refut. Ansuer Knox Pref. 7 (Jam.) Euer seikand refugis and by-gets. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 102 Thay take the pray, be boutgates alanerlie & bygates. 1808 J. Mayne Siller Gun (new ed.) ii. 31 (Jam.) By a' the bye-gates..crouds were flocking down. by-lead n. Brit. , U.S. = by-wash n.ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water > for surplus water > for overflow of reservoir, etc. by-lead1885 by-wash1885 spillway1889 1885 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. Bye-wash, By-lead, a channel cut to convey the surplus water from a reservoir or aqueduct, and prevent overflow. by-sprouting n. Brit. , U.S. a side-shoot.ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun] > sucker or side-shoot scourgea1382 by-sprouting1562 sucker1577 lateral1578 offset1642 spiney1649 side shoot1658 appendix1664 by-shoot1669 water sprout1688 turion1725 tiller1733 surculus1775 suckler1796 suckling1798 offshoot1814 stool1818 base shoot1835 side-tiller1903 toe1952 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 84 Peony..hath many bysproutynges. by-wash n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water > for surplus water > for overflow of reservoir, etc. by-lead1885 by-wash1885 spillway1889 1885 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. Bye-wash, By-lead, a channel cut to convey the surplus water from a reservoir or aqueduct, and prevent overflow. (iii) Transferred to matters, action, etc., collateral with the main matter or action: ‘aside, side prep. ’. Also by-play n. by-battle n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed encounter > [noun] > battle or a battle > other types of battle just battle?1483 by-battle1842 hackathon1985 1842 T. De Quincey Cicero in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 12/1 The bye-battle with the Cilician pirates, is more obscure. by-concernment n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > affair, business, concern > [noun] > subsidiary by-concernment1668 1668 J. Dryden Of Dramatick Poesie 39 Ours [sc. plays], besides the main design, have under plots or by-concernments. by-consideration n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > subsidiary by-matter1552 by-point1610 by-passage1674 by-consideration1691 by-thing1721 by-interest1801 by-play1816 sideshow1855 1691 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. 60 We are not determined by the Moments of Truth,..but by some other By-Consideration. by-dialogue n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > other types of conversation diabologuea1713 giff-gaff1787 by-dialogue1817 question and answer1817 war-talk1831 fast talk1866 heart-to-heart1904 pseudo-conversation1926 team talk1947 psychodrama1952 catch-up1972 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy III. iii. 65 This bye dialogue prevented my hearing what passed between the prisoner and Captain Thornton. by-discourse n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speech-making > [noun] > a discourse or lecture spellc888 predicationa1325 lessonc1330 collation1417 sermocination1514 discourse1533 lecture1536 descant1567 peroration1607 homilya1616 sermona1616 exercitation1632 transcursion1641 exhortatory1656 by-discourse1660 screed1748 purlicue1825 rhesis1840 talk1859 lecturette1867 chalk talk1881 pi-jaw1896 1660 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. III. v. 146 It is fit to premise, and put, as a by-discourse, a Treatise concerning divine Nature. by-disputation n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > [noun] > subsidiary by-disputation1580 1580 G. Harvey in E. Spenser & G. Harvey Three Proper & Wittie Lett. 33 But to let this by~disputation passe. by-history n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > parts of a written composition > [noun] > episode by-history1697 1697 Verdicts conc. Virg. & Homer iii. 6 The marshalling..of the Episodes or by-Histories. by-interest n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > subsidiary by-matter1552 by-point1610 by-passage1674 by-consideration1691 by-thing1721 by-interest1801 by-play1816 sideshow1855 1801 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) III. 484 They have so many other by-interests of greater weight. by-issue n. Brit. , U.S. by-object n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > end, purpose, or object > subsidiary by1567 by-endc1610 by-regard1623 by-object1768 sub-target1921 1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. 503 A thousand by-objects soliciting on all sides. by-point n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > subsidiary by-matter1552 by-point1610 by-passage1674 by-consideration1691 by-thing1721 by-interest1801 by-play1816 sideshow1855 1610 G. Carleton Iurisdict. 160 Not spending time in the examination of by-points. 1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 Sept. 5/2 But this is a by-point; and in its main line..Mr. Montague's work could hardly be improved upon. by-question n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > materials of topic > [noun] > minor by-question1603 subtopic1817 sub-theme1880 1603 C. Heydon Def. Iudiciall Astrol. xviii. 385 To digresse from the matter in hand to by-questions. by-touch n. Brit. , U.S. ΚΠ 1832 J. C. Hare Philol. Museum 1 469 The value of the poems is independent of these by-touches. (iv) The sense ‘aside’, develops that of ‘private, privy, covert’; also connoting ‘indirect, underhand, or sinister’ dealing. by-aim n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > end, purpose, or object > secret by-errand1673 by-aim1702 by-view1706 by-purpose1826 hidden agenda1955 1702 F. Atterbury Case Schedule Stated 7 [He] might have other By-aims, and Collateral Views, in what he did. by-babbling n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > rumour > [noun] > tale-bearing murmurationc1485 tattling1547 talebearing1571 by-babbling1614 twittinga1643 gossiping1712 gossipry1818 gossipred1828 1614 J. Robinson Of Relig. Communion 64 His by-bablings, and revyleings. by-conference n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > conferring or consulting > a conference > particular types of parliament?a1400 diet1471 symposiac1603 by-conference1625 guestling1629 sanhedrim1653 comitia1684 symposium1784 assembly1794 powwow1812 neighbourhood meeting1823 colloquium1861 congress1861 party conference1875 indaba1894 press conference1908 case conference1913 story conference1920 telemeeting1973 poster session1974 START1981 presser1988 1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis ii. xii. 103 Amongst other by-conference, hee learned thus much..touching the Queenes affaires. by-contrivement n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > [noun] > operation clandestine1656 by-contrivement1657 hidlings1823 still hunt1843 1657 T. Reeve God's Plea for Nineveh Ep. Ded. 12 All by-contrivments are but sinister drifts and bents. by-design n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > secret or underhand by-intent1619 by-design1652 1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie To Rdr. sig. A4 Without any by-design to abuse the Reader. 1706 tr. J. B. Morvan de Bellegarde Refl. upon Ridicule 116 With a by-Design to be paid by them in the same Coin. by-errand n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > end, purpose, or object > secret by-errand1673 by-aim1702 by-view1706 by-purpose1826 hidden agenda1955 1673 W. Cave Primitive Christianity iii. i. 228 To go to Court upon by-errands and private designs of their own. by-intent n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > secret or underhand by-intent1619 by-design1652 1619 T. Lushington Repetit. Serm. in Phenix (1708) II. 483 Had they any By-intent, they would have been very forward to report and spread the Fame. by-interest n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > [noun] > underhand interest by-interest1692 1692 J. Locke Toleration iii. viii A Pretence made use of to cover some other By-Interest. by-motive n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > motive > subsidiary by-respect1585 by-motive1846 1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece I. i. xv. 434 With the certainty of..counterworking sinister by-motives. by-payment n. Brit. , U.S. ΚΠ 1820 P. B. Shelley Œdipus Tyrannus ii. 28 The patronage, and pensions, and by-payments. by-practice n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > lack of principle or integrity > [noun] > dishonesty > action brokery1602 trinketing1646 adultery1753 traffickery1838 hanky-panky1841 grafting1859 shystering1860 graft1865 skulduggery1867 sharp practice1869 in and out work1888 by-practice1913 grift1914 dirty pool1973 1913 C. Read in Eng. Hist. Rev. Jan. 48 Walsingham believed that his [sc. Burghley's] by-practice through Hunsdon with Arran was influenced by these considerations. by-purpose n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > end, purpose, or object > secret by-errand1673 by-aim1702 by-view1706 by-purpose1826 hidden agenda1955 1826 E. Irving Babylon II. 444 If ye carry any by-purposes in your breast..woe unto you! by-trick n. Brit. , U.S. ΚΠ 1818 W. Hazlitt Lect. Eng. Poets (1870) iii. 85 To support his argument by the by-tricks of a hump and cloven foot. by-warning n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > hint or covert suggestion > [noun] feelc1485 inkling1529 intimation1531 insinuation1532 by-warning1542 byword1542 item1561 cue1565 air1567 vent1613 insusurration1614 hinta1616 injection1622 indication1626 infusion1641 side glance1693 ground bass1699 touch1706 side view1747 sidewipe1757 allusion1766 penumbra1770 breath1795 slyness1823 by-hint1853 light1854 shove1857 suggestion1863 sous-entendu1865 point1870 sidewiper1870 sniff1936 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > warning of imminent danger or evil > [noun] > specific types of warning by-warning1542 gypsy's warning1824 red warning1940 yellow1940 red alert1941 yellow alert1941 red1943 code1957 amber alert1958 content warning1977 trigger warning1993 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. **vj Aristotle..gaue a bywarnyng with this verse of the poete Homere. by-wit n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > wit, wittiness > [noun] > instance of wit, witticism conceita1522 device1575 by-wit1605 passa1616 witticism1677 point1694 funniness1838 Goldwynism1936 1605 N. Breton Soules Immortall Crowne i. sig. C3 She is of a more heauenly Nature, Then, with such by-wit to abuse a Creature. (v) Sometimes the sense appears to be ‘wrested from the right, distorted, erroneous’. by-opinion n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > [noun] > erroneous opinion by-opinion1670 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > error in belief or opinion > [noun] > instance of error1340 misbeliefa1387 misopinion1489 delusion1552 fallacy1590 delirium1599 pseudodox1601 ignotion1647 by-opinion1670 night-philosophy1677 sphalm1715 pseudo-idea1863 1670 R. Baxter Cure Church-div. 174 He will make but an engine of his by-opinions, to destroy true Piety. by-sense n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > misinterpretation > distortion or perversion of meaning > [noun] > instance of violence1546 wresting1551 wreathing1556 strain1579 wrest1581 mis-sense1615 by-signification1651 extortion1652 corruption1699 wrench1701 by-sense1782 corruptibility1847 torturing1855 twist1862 1782 J. Trumbull MʽFingal (new ed.) iii. 51 Liberty in your own by-sense Is but for crimes a patent licence. ΚΠ 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius A vii b Sondry deformed byshapes of doctrine are fostered upp in the Church. by-signification n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > misinterpretation > distortion or perversion of meaning > [noun] > instance of violence1546 wresting1551 wreathing1556 strain1579 wrest1581 mis-sense1615 by-signification1651 extortion1652 corruption1699 wrench1701 by-sense1782 corruptibility1847 torturing1855 twist1862 1651 Animadversions in C. Love Case 33 Not wont to pervert or wrest words into by-significations. (vi) See also 2b, 2c, for combinations which lie on the border between the adverbial and adjective uses of by. (b) Occurring or done out of the ordinary course, or in the intervals between main occasions, or main engagements; apart from the main purpose; occurring by the way, incidental, casual. (i) by-accident n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [noun] > chance or fortuitous circumstance hazard1340 accidencea1393 a venture's strokec1450 chance1487 contingent1548 circumstance1599 lotterya1616 accidency1645 by-accident1648 frisk1665 accidentala1834 1648 Bp. J. Hall Select Thoughts 80 What ever by-accidents I may meet withal besides. by-betting n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > [noun] > types of betting levanting1788 fielding1854 place betting1864 list-betting1874 sweepstaking1882 by-betting1886 spread betting1972 1886 H. Smart Outsider II. i. 2 On no race of late years had there been so much bye-betting, that is to say, wagers in which one horse was backed against one other. by-bit n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > light meal or snacks nuncheonc1260 morsela1382 refection?a1439 mixtumc1490 bever1500 banquet1509 collation1525 snatch1570 beverage1577 a little something1577 anders-meat1598 four-hours1637 watering1637 refreshment1639 snap1642 luncheona1652 crib1652 prandicle1656 munchin1657 baita1661 unch1663 afternooning1678 whet1688 nacket1694 merenda1740 rinfresco1745 bagging?1746 snack1757 coffee1774 second breakfast1775 nummit1777 stay-stomach1800 damper1804 eleven o'clock1805 noonshine1808 by-bit1819 morning1819 four1823 four o'clock1825 lunch1829 stay-bit1833 picnic meal1839 elevens1849 Tommy1864 picnic tea1869 dinnerette1872 merienda1880 elevenses1887 light bite1887 soldier's supper1893 mug-up1902 tray1914 café complet1933 nosha1941 namkeen1942 snax1947 snackette1952 chaat1954 ploughman's lunch1957 munchie1959 playlunch1960 short-eat1962 lite bite1965 munchie1971 ploughman1975 aperitivo2002 1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor iv*, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. I. 136 A bye bit between meals. by-business n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > auxiliary or minor work by-work1587 parergon1607 divertment1613 by-employmenta1617 diversion1637 by-service1639 avocation1642 by-business1653 by-job1773 evocation1810 sideline1886 1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre ii. 49 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian Those Romans finding Petra in their way, attempted the Castle as a by-businesse. a1677 I. Barrow Serm. Several Occasions (1678) 311 A παρεργον, a diversion or by-business of our lives. by-day n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > [noun] > day on which an activity does not take place by-day1637 1637 W. Laud Speech in Starr-chamber 18 Upon those by-dayes [i.e. days when there is no sermon] to runne to other Churches. 1857 G. A. Lawrence Guy Livingstone v. 41 Being park-hack in the summer, and cover-hack in the winter, with a bye-day now and then when the country's light. by-drinking n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [noun] > drinking intoxicating liquor > casual drinking by-drinking1598 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. iii. 72 You owe mony..for your diet, and bydrinkings . View more context for this quotation 1824 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 16 662 The whole expense, by-drinkings included, might be defrayed for four pounds. by-drop n. Brit. , U.S. ΚΠ 1647 T. Fuller Good Thoughts in Worse Times ii. i. 5 I..sprinkle some by-drops for the Instruction of the people. by-employment n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > auxiliary or minor work by-work1587 parergon1607 divertment1613 by-employmenta1617 diversion1637 by-service1639 avocation1642 by-business1653 by-job1773 evocation1810 sideline1886 a1617 S. Hieron Penance for Sinne in Wks. (1620) II. 84 To deceiue their inward anguish, by I know not what by-imployments. by-goodness n. Brit. , U.S. ΚΠ a1680 T. Goodwin Wks. (1681) I. xxvii. 361 There is a proper goodness, and there is an accidental, a by-goodness. by-hour n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > [noun] > a period of leisurec1449 non-terminus1573 Sabbatism1582 non-term1607 recess1620 playtime1631 by-hour1639 vacancy1654 relache1780 lounge1806 spellc1845 pink-eye1901 seventh-inning stretch1915 standoff1918 timeout1931 1639 J. Saltmarsh Pract. Policie 278 The best opportunities are meale times, and some other by-houres of relaxation. 1867 S. Smiles Huguenots Eng. & Ireland xiii. 294 His chief delight in his bye-hours was to shut himself up with Le Gendre's arithmetic. by-job n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > auxiliary or minor work by-work1587 parergon1607 divertment1613 by-employmenta1617 diversion1637 by-service1639 avocation1642 by-business1653 by-job1773 evocation1810 sideline1886 1773 R. Graves Spiritual Quixote I. ii. ii. 43 He could secrete a tester for some bye-jobb. by-letter n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > communication > correspondence > letter > [noun] > letters, etc., by method of dispatch or conveyance post-letter1648 ship-letterc1675 by-letter1685 penny-post letter1686 way letter1710 by-night1766 cross-letter1789 twopenny1818 box letter1827 non-paid1829 balloon-letter1870 pigeongram1875 railway letter1891 pneumatogram1894 airmail1918 aerogram1919 airgram1919 air letter1920 pneumatique1924 pneu1926 snail mail1929 aerogramme1934 airgraph1941 1685 Royal Procl. in London Gaz. No. 2068/2 The Post-Master General..to take effectual Care for the Conveyance of all By-Letters. by-match n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > [noun] > types of racing > types of race wild-goose race1594 wild goose chase1597 bell-course1607 Palio1673 stake1696 paddock course1705 handicap1751 by-match1759 pony race1765 give and take plate1769 sweepstake1773 steeplechase1793 mile-heat1802 steeple race1809 welter1820 trotting-race1822 scurry1824 walkover1829 steeple hunt1831 set-to1840 sky race1840 flat race1848 trot1856 grind1857 feeler1858 nursery1860 waiting race1868 horse-trot1882 selling plate1888 flying milea1893 chase1894 flying handicap1894 prep1894 selling race1898 point-to-point1902 seller1922 shoo-in1928 daily double1930 bumper1946 selling chase1965 tiercé1981 1759 S. Johnson Idler 23 June 193 A chesnut horse..who won..ten bye-matches. by-production n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > work > product of work > [noun] > subsidiary by-work1587 by-doing1842 by-production1870 1870 J. R. Lowell My Study Windows 110 The by-productions of a busy man. by-service n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > auxiliary or minor work by-work1587 parergon1607 divertment1613 by-employmenta1617 diversion1637 by-service1639 avocation1642 by-business1653 by-job1773 evocation1810 sideline1886 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iii. xviii. 138 Imploying the armie of Pilgrimes in by-services. by-sess n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > [noun] > determined by assessment > type of by-sess1650 fourfold1779 1650 Overseers' Acc. Holy Cross, Canterb. Sixe By Sesses made within the yeare. by-vote n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [noun] > putting to vote > vote taken out of ordinary course by-vote1880 1880 H. E. Manning in 19th Cent. Aug. 181 But Parliament has not yet confirmed that by-vote. 1880 H. E. Manning in 19th Cent. Aug. 181 A by-vote like that which shut the door of the House of Commons against Horne Tooke because he was a clergyman. by-wager n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > [noun] > type of bet swoopstake1599 by-beta1627 levant1714 even money1732 play or pay bet1738 side bet1769 long shot1796 sweep1849 pay-or-play1853 sweepstake1861 pari-mutuel1868 to go a raker1869 flutter1874 skinner1874 by-wager1886 plunge1888 accumulator1889 saver1891 mutuel1893 quinella1902 parlay1904 Sydney or the bush1924 treble1924 daily double1930 all-up1933 round robin1944 double1951 twin double1960 perfecta1961 pool1963 lose bet1964 tiercé1964 Yankee bet1964 Yankee1967 nap1971 superfecta1971 tricast1972 triple1972 trixie1973 telebetting1974 trifecta1974 over-and-under1975 over-under1981 spread bet1981 1886 H. Smart Outsider Others.. who had laid these heavy bye-wagers, looking upon the horse as having no possible chance, had never taken the trouble to secure themselves. (ii) ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > acquisition > [noun] > that which is obtained or acquired > an acquisition or gain > casual or accidental windfall1542 falling1584 by-acquist1661 daebak2003 1661 R. Boyle Some Considerations Style Script. 48 Our By-acquists do richly recompence our frustrated pains. by-charge n. Brit. , U.S. a casual expense.ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > [noun] > expenses > incidental or additional oncost1429 uncostc1480 charges1514 by-charge1525 pretereas?a1527 extraordinary1660 incident1737 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. ccxxiv. [ccxx.] 702 To paye the erles by charges. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > a play > [noun] > interlude intermedium1589 jiga1592 intermean1599 garlic1614 entry1631 interlude1660 by-clap1661 divertisement1667 divertissementc1728 interact1750 intermezzo1771 intermede1820 entr'acte1841 metalogue1956 1661 R. Davenport City Night-cap iv, in I. Reed Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Plays (1780) XI. 332 No mask but a by-clap. (c) Of character, relative standing, or importance: Additional, extra, subsidiary, secondary, minor, of less importance. Contrasted with main adj.2 (i) by-art n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > acquired skill > an accomplishment > minor by-arta1643 prunes-and-prism1888 a1643 W. Cartwright Poems in Comedies (1651) sig. Uv* What Others now count qualities and Parts She thought but Complements, and meer By-Arts. by-assembly n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of deliberative or legislative assembly > [noun] > secondary by-assembly1673 1673 Sir L. Jenkins Let. in W. Wynne Life I. 121 Encouraging a kind of by-assembly here of the best affected princes of Germany. by-authority n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ society > authority > delegated authority > [noun] powerc1300 bailliec1305 commission1344 empery?c1400 authorityc1405 lieutenance1524 subcommission1617 by-authority1622 lieutenancya1631 empowerment1651 attribution1796 1622 F. Markham Five Decades Epist. of Warre iv. ix. §6. 156 Many other by-authorities are transferred vpon these officers, as distribution of victuals. by-bill n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > invoice or bill > types of long bill1616 by-bill1732 house bill1754 gas bill1816 advice note1834 pro forma1836 wash-bill1873 telephone bill1889 phone bill1936 1732 Acc. Workhouses 148 The weekly payments to the poor were 3l. 5s. or thereabouts, besides By-bills, as they are called. by-book n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > written record > register or record book > [noun] Domesday Book1178 registera1325 bookc1405 red book?1445 registery1483 register book1515 regesture1526 registrya1529 enroll1533 ledger1550 ledger-book1553 registry book1562 by-book1593 regest1670 registrary1696 hall-book1746 blotter1887 1593 Munic. Acc. Newcastle (1848) 29 Keepeinge the by-booke of the rente of Gateshead. 1664 S. Pepys Diary 24 Jan. (1971) V. 25 I..fell on entering out of a by-book part of my second Journall-book. by-cause n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > [noun] > subsidiary or contributory cause by-grounda1603 occasion1605 by-cause1631 generant1635 concurrency1636 under-cause1645 causa causata1659 concurrent1667 occasional cause1728 condition1817 factor1851 1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre iii. iii. 36 in Wks. II I the said Adam, was one cause (a by-cause) why the purse was lost. by-ceremony n. Brit. , U.S. ΚΠ 1633 W. Ames Fresh Suit against Human Ceremonies ii. 122 He..doeth now..admit such by-Ceremonies. by-character n. Brit. , U.S. ΚΠ 1884 W. G. Wills in Pall Mall Gaz. 28 July 4/2 The by-characters..support and feed the situations chiefly occupied by an impression full-length. by-crop n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > other crops fleece1513 white crop1743 green crop1744 root crop1772 row crop1776 robber1777 mix-grass1778 breaking-crop1808 industrial crop1818 foliage crop1831 kharifa1836 scourge-crop1842 overcrop1858 by-crop1880 coppice-with-standards1882 sewage grass1888 trap-crop1899 cleaning crop1900 nurse crop1907 cover crop1909 smother crop1920 stoop crop1928 snatch crop1937 break crop1967 wholecrop1968 1880 Academy 24 July 61 Jute is only a by-crop, like turnips and beans in this country. by-dependency n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [noun] > dependence > a thing depending on something else by-dependencya1616 conditionate1678 contingency1818 contingenta1848 a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 391 All the other by-dependancies, From chance to chance. View more context for this quotation by-feature n. Brit. , U.S. ΚΠ 1683 J. Dryden Vindication 6 There is..no dash of a Pen to make any By-feature resemble him to any other Man. by-help n. Brit. , U.S. ΚΠ 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lxxiii. 25) They truste to theire owne riches and other byhelpes. 1882 T. G. Pinches in Trans. Philol. Soc. i. 99 We have, in these tongues, a valuable by-help in the Science of Semitic philology. by-ingredient n. Brit. , U.S. , ΚΠ 1645 J. Goodwin Innocency & Truth Triumphing To Rdr. sig. A2v Did not the God of Truth..put many a by ingredient into his providence. by-knife n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > knife > [noun] > other knives bollock knifec1400 paring knife1415 spudc1440 pricking-knifec1500 shaving-knife1530–1 by-knifec1570 heading knife1574 stock knife1582 drawing knife1583 bung-knife1592 weeding knife1598 drawing knife1610 heading knife1615 draw knife1679 dressing knife1683 redishing knife1688 mocotaugan1716 skinning knife1767 paper knife1789 draw shave1824 leaf-cutter1828 piece-knife1833 nut-pick1851 relic knife1854 butch1859 straw-knife1862 sportsman's companion1863 ulu1864 skinner1872 hacker1875 over-shave1875 stripping-knife1875 Stanley knife1878 flat-back1888 gauge-knife1888 tine-knife1888 plough1899 band-knife1926 X-Acto1943 shank1953 box cutter1955 ratchet knife1966 ratchet1975 c1570 Leg. Bp. St. Andrews in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 323 With yt his byknife forth hes tane. c1650 in C. Innes Sketches Early Sc. Hist. (1861) 431 He had a dirk and a ‘by knife’ for Highland expeditions. by-legislation n. Brit. , U.S. ΚΠ 1886 Contemp. Rev. Feb. 231 The Friendly Societies Act..gives powers of by-legislation on specified matters,..all which has only to be certified by a Crown registrar. by-meaning n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > semantics > meaning or signification > [noun] > secondary adsignification1607 by-meaninga1856 a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) I. iii. 54 Discharge from your minds the by-meaning accidentally associated with the word empiric. by-meter n. Brit. , U.S. ΚΠ 1861 H. Mayhew London Labour (new ed.) III. 260/2 There were formerly several bye-meters [for coal], chosen by the merchants from..their own men, as they pleased. by-ornament n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > [noun] > minor by-ornament1639 1639 P. Massinger Unnaturall Combat Ded. sig. A2v When such by ornaments, were not advanced above the fabricque of the whole worke. by-part n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a subordinate part by-part1639 underpart1711 1639 J. Woodall Surgeons Mate (rev. ed.) sig. G3 A by part of Surgery not common. by-point n. Brit. , U.S. ΚΠ 1577 W. Bourne Regiment for Sea i. 8 Betweene euery one of these inferior poynts, and euery one of the head wynds there is a bypoynt or winde. 1883 Man. Seamanship for Boys' Training Ships Royal Navy 98 By-Points. So called because they derive their names from the nearest cardinal or half-cardinal points they are near or by. by-port n. Brit. , U.S. ΚΠ 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 3 Aug. 2/1 These nice little four or five thousand ton coasters take in and discharge more cargo at..these by-ports than any regular cargo boat..flying [sic from port to port.] by-root n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > root > [noun] > rootlet, fibre, or subsidiary root string1398 by-root1578 fillet1601 taw1615 tapon1641 fibre1656 fang1664 fibril1664 rootlinga1706 lateral root1724 rootlet1783 radicle1793 radicel1819 viver1877 branch-root1884 sprangle1896 thong1927 1578 Bk. Christian Prayers in Private Prayers (1851) 527 To weaken the principal root, that the byroots..may lose all their power. by-rule n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [noun] > regulation > a regulation or rule > secondary by-rule1862 1862 G. U. Pope tr. J.-A. Dubois People of India (ed. 2) iii. vi. 336 (note) The bye-rule that no one shall engage in the same employment as his neighbour. by-saint's-day n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > [noun] > of saint > minor saint by-saint's-day1624 1624 J. Gee Foot out of Snare 79 When he preacheth vpon any By-Saints-day. by-stamp n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > marking > imprinting > [noun] > imprint > of a stamp or device printc1300 charactc1384 characterc1384 incuse1818 punching1838 rubber stamp1873 by-stamp1884 1884 Law Times Rep. 51 221/2 They registered such name in Sweden as a bye-stamp in addition to such mark. by-taste n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > [noun] > aftertaste aftertaste1592 farewell1634 after treat1674 repetition?c1710 way-gang1754 by-taste1799 whang1905 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 183 Persons of a nice palate loathe the milk on account of a by-taste, which the turnips give it. by-tone n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > [noun] > note or tone > undertones, overtones, etc. harmonic1772 undertone1832 subtone1838 by-tone1852 overtone1867 upper partial1873 overnote1917 1852 tr. J. J. Seidel Organ & its Constr. 87 The higher the fundamental tone is, the quicker the by-tones follow each other. by-world n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > [noun] > part of worldc1175 regionc1350 realm1565 possible worlda1674 by-world1709 society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [noun] > other types of civilizations or cultures economy1535 patriarchy1868 by-world1872 Western world1894 overworld1895 open society1911 pao-chia1931 closed society1935 plural society1939 technopolis1946 shame culture1947 19841951 Hollerith1957 metaculture1959 underground1959 permissive society1960 caring society1966 technocomplex1968 microsociety1970 overground1971 Manhattanism1978 1709 Ld. Shaftesbury Moralists ii. iv. 113 'Tis but a separate By-World..of which there are in the wide Waste Millions besides. 1872 E. Bulwer-Lytton Parisians vii. iii She..did enjoy that ideal by-world. by-writer n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > writer or author > [noun] > inferior writer scribblera1556 paper-blurrera1586 by-writer1587 feather-driver1593 squitter-book1594 paper-stainer1596 blur-paper1603 spoil-paper1610 penster1611 inkhorn matea1616 squitter-wit1615 ink-dabbler1616 squitter-pulpa1640 quill-driver1700 scribble-scrabble1707 authorling1752 writerling1802 inkhorn varlet1820 toe-writer1845 pen-driver1854 anonymuncule1859 ink-jerker1865 pen-pusher1875 pseudonymuncle1875 ink-spiller1881 ink-slinger1887 blotter- 1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) i. ix. 23/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Let vs see what Fortunatus hath written..and afterward what is to be found of other by-writers. (ii) by-bootings n. Brit. , U.S. (also ? by-boltings) ‘the finest kind of bran’ (Halliwell). by-faith n. Brit. , U.S. a secondary article of belief.ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > [noun] > secondary by-faitha1680 a1680 T. Goodwin Wks. (1697) IV. i. 27 The Jews sought it [i.e. righteousness] but as a by-Faith. by-form n. Brit. , U.S. a collateral and sometimes less frequent form; spec. in Philology.ΚΠ 1887 tr. Hehn's Wanderings Pl. & Anim. 461 Some Teutonic languages have a by-form in which the Latin n is retained. 1905 Science 26 May 802/2 The English masque is a by-form of the English drama. 1934 R. C. Priebsch & W. E. Collinson German Lang. ii. ii. 172 The plural Dinge has a pejorative bye-form in Dinger. by-foundation n. Brit. , U.S. a second endowment or benefaction.ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > settlement of property > [noun] > endowment > an endowment dotation?c1430 foundationc1460 endowage?1529 feoffment1561 endowment1597 indument1602 by-foundation1655 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 76 There is a By-Foundation of Postmasters in this House, (a kinde of Colledg in the Colledg). by-founder n. Brit. , U.S. the bestower of such an endowment.ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > settlement of property > [noun] > endowment > one who enduerc1449 endower1624 by-founder1655 1655 T. Fuller Hist. Cambr. (1840) 216 The bounty of sir Francis Clark..justly entitled him to be a by-founder. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > a lover > [noun] > rival for the affections > second lover or gallant by-lemana1400 a1400 Octouian (W.) 119 Thy yonge wyyf: Sche hathd a by-leman. c1400 Lay le Freine 103 Yif ich say ich hadde a bi-leman. by-member n. Brit. , U.S. an additional limb.ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > [noun] > additional by-member1509 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xxiii. iii A bye membre she [nature] wyll than more devyse. by-stake n. Brit. , U.S. each of the short intermediate stakes used in basket-making.ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from other vegetable fibres > [noun] > randed work or basketry > foundation or skeleton > foundation rod > specific spoke1897 league1903 stake1903 by-stake1912 scallom1912 1912 T. Okey Introd. Art of Basket-making viii. 84 It is usual to supplement the stakes with bye-stakes..which are inserted in the waling of the upsett between the pairs of stakes. This is termed half bye-staking. Square work is full bye-staked. 1960 E. Legg Country Baskets 43 Double stakes—this is side stakes and long bye-stakes. by-stake v. Brit. , U.S. to furnish with by-stakes.ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [verb (transitive)] > basket-making > processes involved in upset1875 slew1902 fitch1907 slype1910 by-stake1912 rib-rand1959 1912 T. Okey Introd. Art of Basket-making viii. 84 It is usual to supplement the stakes with bye-stakes..which are inserted in the waling of the upsett between the pairs of stakes. This is termed half bye-staking. Square work is full bye-staked. by-staking n. Brit. , U.S. ΚΠ 1912 T. Okey Introd. Art of Basket-making viii. 84 It is usual to supplement the stakes with bye-stakes..which are inserted in the waling of the upsett between the pairs of stakes. This is termed half bye-staking. Square work is full bye-staked. by-tack n. Brit. , U.S. (see quot.).ΚΠ 1836 J. Downes Mt. Decameron III. 74 Didn't my father put his father into a bye tack of our farm? 1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Bytack, a farm taken in addition to another farm, and on which the tenant does not reside. Herefordsh. 1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. (at cited word) One 'afe o' the farms bin let bytack. (d) In the sense of Counterfeit, mock, pseudo-. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > gall or abnormal growth gall1398 elationc1420 dog rose1526 tumour?1541 to-growing1562 gall-nut1572 gall-apple1617 apple1668 by-fruit1682 witches' besom1849 witches' broom1856 mad-apple1868 nail gall1879 marble gall1882 gall-knob1892 scroll-gall1895 twig-gall1900 cecidium1902 1682 M. Lister in Philos. Coll. (Royal Soc.) No. 6. 166 By-fruits or Wens which Insects raise upon Vegetables. 1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. vi. 224 That by-fruit that grows on the leaves of the Oak, which we call Galls. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > [noun] > something false or forged > supposedly precious Martin chain?1550 puff ring1557 St Martin's rings1590 by-gold1611 schlenter1897 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Orpel, silver and by-gold; a kind of leafe-tinne. by-teacher n. Brit. , U.S. ObsoleteΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > teacher > [noun] > false teacher darkener1534 non-edificanta1625 by-teacher1633 errorist1647 erronist1654 1633 W. Ames Fresh Suit against Human Ceremonies ii. 210 He maketh shew of a distinction, betwixt an authentique teacher, and another..by-teacher. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < |
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