zoophyten.

Brit.

/ˈzuː(ə)fʌɪt/,

/ˈzəʊəfʌɪt/, U.S.

/ˈzu(ə)ˌfaɪt/,

/ˈzoʊəˌfaɪt/

Forms: 1600s zöophyte, 1600s zoophit, 1600s zoophyt, 1600s–1900s zoophite, 1600s– zoophyte, 1800s– zoöphyte.

Origin: A borrowing from French, combined with English elements; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: zoo- comb. form, -phyte comb. form, French zoophite.

Etymology: < zoo- comb. form + -phyte comb. form, after Middle French, French zoophyte, †zoophite animal resembling a plant (1546 in Rabelais), plant resembling an animal, vegetable lamb (1602 in the passage translated in quot. 1621 at sense 2). In specific use in sense 1 after scientific Latin Zoophyta, former group name (see zoophyton n.) Compare slightly earlier zoophyton n.

Biology. Now historical.

1. Originally: an animal thought to resemble or have certain characteristics of a plant or flower. In later use: spec. any animal belonging to the (former) group Zoophyta, comprising certain sessile invertebrate animals, typically with a branching or radiating structure, such as crinoids, hydrozoans, sponges, and bryozoans. Cf. zoophyton n. 1. Also figurative.Also called animal flower, animal plant, phytozoon, plant-animal.compound zoophyte, coral-zoophyte: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > zoophyte > [noun]

sensitive plant1601

zoophyton1601

zoophyte1606

plant-animal1621

zoophyton1627

animal plant1736

phytozoon1842

zoothome1872

1606 R. Knolles tr. J. Bodin Six Bks. Common-weale 793 The Zoophytes [Fr. les Zoophytes], or Plantbeasts, which haue feeling and motion, but yet take life by the roots whereby they grow.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. ii. iii. 319 Many strange creatures, mineralls, vegetalls, Zoophites.

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xxiii. 208 Vnder the title of plants I include not zoophytes or plantanimals.

1753 W. Watson in Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 457 If..some will still consider these marine productions as plants, they are truly zoophytes, formed by the labour of the animals, which inhabit them.

1776 S. Ward Mod. Syst. Nat. Hist. XI. 177 The earth-worm, and all the zoophyte tribe, continue to live in separate parts when cut into pieces.

1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. II. 395 Polypi or Zoophytes; comprehending all those small, gelatinous, and compound or aggregated animals which have a mouth surrounded by tentacula, and conducting into a simple stomach.

1858 Daily News 25 Dec. 2/6 Is it at all probable that this now active-minded Englishman will be content to remain a kind of political zoophyte? that he will continue listless about the government of his country?

1873 A. B. Edwards In Days of my Youth III. i. 5 I wish I was, like some worthy people I know, a mere human zoophyte, consisting of nothing but a mouth and a stomach.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 876 The same retrenchment or reduction of vulnerable surface is observed in some zoöphytes and even more complicated animals.

1992 J. Hamilton-Paterson Seven-tenths iii. i. 83 After Ellis there was broad agreement that zoophytes, including corals and sponges, were indeed animal.

2014 J. Steigerwald in S. Lettow Reprod., Race, & Gender in Philos. & Early Life Sci. v. 107 The border zones between animals and plants populated with zoophytes.

2. A plant thought to resemble an animal or to have certain qualities characteristic of animals, esp. a sensitive plant (sensitive plant n. 1b), or vegetable lamb (vegetable lamb n. at vegetable adj. Compounds 2). Cf. plant-animal n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > [noun] > plant-animal

bonarets1605

plant-animal1621

zoophyte1621

1621 T. Lodge tr. S. Goulart Learned Summary Poeme of Saluste of Bartas i. 132 There is mention of the Boranets, Zoophites [Fr. Zoophytes], or Plant-animals of Moscouy, in the first Booke of the second Weeke.

1680 R. Morden Geogr. Rectified 122 In this Country grows the Plant Zoophyte, that resembles a Lamb.

1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening iv. 87 If he had known this [Sensitive] Plant, he wou'd not have fail'd to have call'd it, not only a Zoophyte, that is, a Plant-Animal, but even a very Animal in all its Forms.

1790 R. Pulteney Hist. & Biogr. Sketches Progress Bot. in Eng. II. 91 The Tartarian Lamb, Agnus Scythicus, or Barometz, heretofore imposed on the credulous as a kind of Zoophyte.

1818 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 458/1 This plant is remarkable for possessing a great portion of the animal nature. It is for this reason called the Animal Plant; as also Zoophytes; and in the Russian language, Bonarets.

1927 H. B. Brown Cotton i. 3 Many strange and fabulous tales were told [about cotton], among which was the story of the Vegetable Lamb, or Zoöphyte.

1990 Renaissance Q. 43 303 One of the most fanciful and elaborate zoophytes that puzzled naturalists was the Scythian lamb..this creature consisted of the body of a lamb rooted to the ground by a stem, and reportedly survived by eating the grass around it.

2001 Brit. Jrnl. Hist. Sci. 34 240/1 The Scythian lamb, that woolly zoophyte..inhabited the margins of texts.

Compounds

General attributive and instrumental, as zoophyte colony, zoophyte-clothed, zoophyte trough, etc.

ΚΠ

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Marygold Zoophyte Marygold..the name of a species of sea animal, of a very beautiful kind, and of the nature of those commonly called Zoophytes,..by the old naturalists.

1792 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 234/2 Antediluvian remains of marine animals, of what naturalists call the Zoophyte order, inhabiting the ocean in those remote times.

1856 W. B. Carpenter Microscope §69 For the examination of living aquatic objects, too large to be conveniently received into the Aquatic Box, the Zoophyte-trough contrived by Mr. Lister may be employed with great advantage.

1889 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip 25 38 The zoophyte-clothed rocks.

1906 E. Lawless Bk. Gilly ii. 13 Some of the smaller members of the zoophyte family—hydroids and their allies.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. v. 90 This planula larva..buds out tentacles, and becomes a tiny polyp—the beginning of a zoöphyte colony.

2015 J. Bowen Coral Reef Era v. 47/2 With more powerful and accurate lenses, the study of zoophyte anatomy advanced rapidly.

Derivatives

zooˈphytal adj. of or relating to a zoophyte or zoophytes; (also) produced by zoophytes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > zoophyte > [adjective]

plant-living1594

zoophytal1756

zoophytical1779

zoophytic1808

1756 T. Birch Hist. Royal Soc. I. 110 The account of zoophytal or animal ingraftings, received by Mr. Evelyn from a friend of his, was communicated by him.

1856 L. H. Grindon Life 299 In animals, (such as many zoophytal organisms,) the sexes sometimes seem to be absent, and almost certainly do not pertain to two separate individuals.

1888 Jrnl. Conchol. 5 178 The horny Zoophytal growths.

1985 P. R. Sloan in D. Kohn Darwinian Heritage iii. 98 Discussions..about the possibility of a true ‘zoophytal’ creature had involved..a search for defining criteria of plants and animals.

zooˈphytical adj. characteristic of or resembling a zoophyte; relating to zoophytes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > zoophyte > [adjective]

plant-living1594

zoophytal1756

zoophytical1779

zoophytic1808

1779 J. Berington Immaterialism Delineated 149 The motion of the sensitive plant, or the orbicular whirling observed in some of the zoophytical race.

1850 H. T. Cheever Whale & his Captors iv. 72 Many of the zoophytical and molluscous orders..are also employed in devouring and affording food to various other animals.

2009 Victorian Poetry 47 10 In reproducing by division, polypi manifest their vegetal nature—but in their instinct for self-preservation, they are like animals. Anything with such a double nature is ‘zoophytical’.

† zoophytish adj. Obsolete characteristic of or resembling a zoophyte.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > zoophyte > [adjective] > resembling a zoophyte

zoophytish1854

zoophytoid1854

1854 Chambers's Jrnl. 28 Oct. 280/1 When every marshy valley was the home of some human reptile or zoophytish monster.

1880 J. C. Watt Great Novelists 190 The pure ‘Pickwick’ character, surrounded by metropolitan contentions would speedily lapse into mere zoophytish nonentity.

† zoophytist n. Obsolete = zoophytologist n. at zoophytology n. Derivatives.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > study > person who studies > [noun] > specific organisms

zoophytist1814

zoophytologist1835

parasitologist1862

pathobiologist1888

planktologist1891

protistologist1907

planktonologist1913

1814 Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc. 2 67 Little has been added to the division of Zoophyta as British, since the time of that enlightened zoophytist Mr Ellis.

1840 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1839 (Notices & Abstracts) 81 That great British zoophytist, Ellis.

1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands ii. ix. 242 Caverns..worthy the careful examination of the zoophytist.

† zoophytography n. Obsolete rare the scientific description of zoophytes; a discourse on zoophytes.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > study > [noun] > specific organisms

zoophytography1735

zoophytology1815

parasitology1870

planktology1892

planktonology1896

micrococcologist1902

protistology1903

1735 B. Martin Philos. Gram. v. 266 Zoophytography, of the Nature of Shell-Animals.

1736 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum (ed. 2) Pref. Zoophytography..a Treatise or Discourse of animal Plants, as Cockles, Muscles, Oysters.

1905 Lippencott's Med. Dict. (rev. ed.) 1152/2 Zoophytography, a description of zoophytes.

† zoophytoid adj. Obsolete characteristic of or resembling a zoophyte; relating to zoophytes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > zoophyte > [adjective] > resembling a zoophyte

zoophytish1854

zoophytoid1854

1854 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Compar. Physiol. (ed. 4) i. 50 In the Zoophytoid Mollusks..we are reminded of the radiated type by the circular arrangement of organs around the mouth.

1883 J. W. Griffith & A. Henfrey Micrographic Dict. (ed. 4) at Thalamapora A large, subcylindric, zoophytoid Foraminifer.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	zoophyte
释义	zoophyten. Brit. /ˈzuː(ə)fʌɪt/, /ˈzəʊəfʌɪt/, U.S. /ˈzu(ə)ˌfaɪt/, /ˈzoʊəˌfaɪt/ Forms: 1600s zöophyte, 1600s zoophit, 1600s zoophyt, 1600s–1900s zoophite, 1600s– zoophyte, 1800s– zoöphyte. Origin: A borrowing from French, combined with English elements; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: zoo- comb. form, -phyte comb. form, French zoophite. Etymology: < zoo- comb. form + -phyte comb. form, after Middle French, French zoophyte, †zoophite animal resembling a plant (1546 in Rabelais), plant resembling an animal, vegetable lamb (1602 in the passage translated in quot. 1621 at sense 2). In specific use in sense 1 after scientific Latin Zoophyta, former group name (see zoophyton n.) Compare slightly earlier zoophyton n. Biology. Now historical. 1. Originally: an animal thought to resemble or have certain characteristics of a plant or flower. In later use: spec. any animal belonging to the (former) group Zoophyta, comprising certain sessile invertebrate animals, typically with a branching or radiating structure, such as crinoids, hydrozoans, sponges, and bryozoans. Cf. zoophyton n. 1. Also figurative.Also called animal flower, animal plant, phytozoon, plant-animal.compound zoophyte, coral-zoophyte: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > zoophyte > [noun] sensitive plant1601 zoophyton1601 zoophyte1606 plant-animal1621 zoophyton1627 animal plant1736 phytozoon1842 zoothome1872 1606 R. Knolles tr. J. Bodin Six Bks. Common-weale 793 The Zoophytes [Fr. les Zoophytes], or Plantbeasts, which haue feeling and motion, but yet take life by the roots whereby they grow. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. ii. iii. 319 Many strange creatures, mineralls, vegetalls, Zoophites. 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xxiii. 208 Vnder the title of plants I include not zoophytes or plantanimals. 1753 W. Watson in Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 457 If..some will still consider these marine productions as plants, they are truly zoophytes, formed by the labour of the animals, which inhabit them. 1776 S. Ward Mod. Syst. Nat. Hist. XI. 177 The earth-worm, and all the zoophyte tribe, continue to live in separate parts when cut into pieces. 1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. II. 395 Polypi or Zoophytes; comprehending all those small, gelatinous, and compound or aggregated animals which have a mouth surrounded by tentacula, and conducting into a simple stomach. 1858 Daily News 25 Dec. 2/6 Is it at all probable that this now active-minded Englishman will be content to remain a kind of political zoophyte? that he will continue listless about the government of his country? 1873 A. B. Edwards In Days of my Youth III. i. 5 I wish I was, like some worthy people I know, a mere human zoophyte, consisting of nothing but a mouth and a stomach. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 876 The same retrenchment or reduction of vulnerable surface is observed in some zoöphytes and even more complicated animals. 1992 J. Hamilton-Paterson Seven-tenths iii. i. 83 After Ellis there was broad agreement that zoophytes, including corals and sponges, were indeed animal. 2014 J. Steigerwald in S. Lettow Reprod., Race, & Gender in Philos. & Early Life Sci. v. 107 The border zones between animals and plants populated with zoophytes. 2. A plant thought to resemble an animal or to have certain qualities characteristic of animals, esp. a sensitive plant (sensitive plant n. 1b), or vegetable lamb (vegetable lamb n. at vegetable adj. Compounds 2). Cf. plant-animal n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > [noun] > plant-animal bonarets1605 plant-animal1621 zoophyte1621 1621 T. Lodge tr. S. Goulart Learned Summary Poeme of Saluste of Bartas i. 132 There is mention of the Boranets, Zoophites [Fr. Zoophytes], or Plant-animals of Moscouy, in the first Booke of the second Weeke. 1680 R. Morden Geogr. Rectified 122 In this Country grows the Plant Zoophyte, that resembles a Lamb. 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening iv. 87 If he had known this [Sensitive] Plant, he wou'd not have fail'd to have call'd it, not only a Zoophyte, that is, a Plant-Animal, but even a very Animal in all its Forms. 1790 R. Pulteney Hist. & Biogr. Sketches Progress Bot. in Eng. II. 91 The Tartarian Lamb, Agnus Scythicus, or Barometz, heretofore imposed on the credulous as a kind of Zoophyte. 1818 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 458/1 This plant is remarkable for possessing a great portion of the animal nature. It is for this reason called the Animal Plant; as also Zoophytes; and in the Russian language, Bonarets. 1927 H. B. Brown Cotton i. 3 Many strange and fabulous tales were told [about cotton], among which was the story of the Vegetable Lamb, or Zoöphyte. 1990 Renaissance Q. 43 303 One of the most fanciful and elaborate zoophytes that puzzled naturalists was the Scythian lamb..this creature consisted of the body of a lamb rooted to the ground by a stem, and reportedly survived by eating the grass around it. 2001 Brit. Jrnl. Hist. Sci. 34 240/1 The Scythian lamb, that woolly zoophyte..inhabited the margins of texts. Compounds General attributive and instrumental, as zoophyte colony, zoophyte-clothed, zoophyte trough, etc. ΚΠ 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Marygold Zoophyte Marygold..the name of a species of sea animal, of a very beautiful kind, and of the nature of those commonly called Zoophytes,..by the old naturalists. 1792 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 234/2 Antediluvian remains of marine animals, of what naturalists call the Zoophyte order, inhabiting the ocean in those remote times. 1856 W. B. Carpenter Microscope §69 For the examination of living aquatic objects, too large to be conveniently received into the Aquatic Box, the Zoophyte-trough contrived by Mr. Lister may be employed with great advantage. 1889 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip 25 38 The zoophyte-clothed rocks. 1906 E. Lawless Bk. Gilly ii. 13 Some of the smaller members of the zoophyte family—hydroids and their allies. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. v. 90 This planula larva..buds out tentacles, and becomes a tiny polyp—the beginning of a zoöphyte colony. 2015 J. Bowen Coral Reef Era v. 47/2 With more powerful and accurate lenses, the study of zoophyte anatomy advanced rapidly. Derivatives zooˈphytal adj. of or relating to a zoophyte or zoophytes; (also) produced by zoophytes. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > zoophyte > [adjective] plant-living1594 zoophytal1756 zoophytical1779 zoophytic1808 1756 T. Birch Hist. Royal Soc. I. 110 The account of zoophytal or animal ingraftings, received by Mr. Evelyn from a friend of his, was communicated by him. 1856 L. H. Grindon Life 299 In animals, (such as many zoophytal organisms,) the sexes sometimes seem to be absent, and almost certainly do not pertain to two separate individuals. 1888 Jrnl. Conchol. 5 178 The horny Zoophytal growths. 1985 P. R. Sloan in D. Kohn Darwinian Heritage iii. 98 Discussions..about the possibility of a true ‘zoophytal’ creature had involved..a search for defining criteria of plants and animals. zooˈphytical adj. characteristic of or resembling a zoophyte; relating to zoophytes. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > zoophyte > [adjective] plant-living1594 zoophytal1756 zoophytical1779 zoophytic1808 1779 J. Berington Immaterialism Delineated 149 The motion of the sensitive plant, or the orbicular whirling observed in some of the zoophytical race. 1850 H. T. Cheever Whale & his Captors iv. 72 Many of the zoophytical and molluscous orders..are also employed in devouring and affording food to various other animals. 2009 Victorian Poetry 47 10 In reproducing by division, polypi manifest their vegetal nature—but in their instinct for self-preservation, they are like animals. Anything with such a double nature is ‘zoophytical’. † zoophytish adj. Obsolete characteristic of or resembling a zoophyte. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > zoophyte > [adjective] > resembling a zoophyte zoophytish1854 zoophytoid1854 1854 Chambers's Jrnl. 28 Oct. 280/1 When every marshy valley was the home of some human reptile or zoophytish monster. 1880 J. C. Watt Great Novelists 190 The pure ‘Pickwick’ character, surrounded by metropolitan contentions would speedily lapse into mere zoophytish nonentity. † zoophytist n. Obsolete = zoophytologist n. at zoophytology n. Derivatives. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > study > person who studies > [noun] > specific organisms zoophytist1814 zoophytologist1835 parasitologist1862 pathobiologist1888 planktologist1891 protistologist1907 planktonologist1913 1814 Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc. 2 67 Little has been added to the division of Zoophyta as British, since the time of that enlightened zoophytist Mr Ellis. 1840 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1839 (Notices & Abstracts) 81 That great British zoophytist, Ellis. 1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands ii. ix. 242 Caverns..worthy the careful examination of the zoophytist. † zoophytography n. Obsolete rare the scientific description of zoophytes; a discourse on zoophytes.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > study > [noun] > specific organisms zoophytography1735 zoophytology1815 parasitology1870 planktology1892 planktonology1896 micrococcologist1902 protistology1903 1735 B. Martin Philos. Gram. v. 266 Zoophytography, of the Nature of Shell-Animals. 1736 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum (ed. 2) Pref. Zoophytography..a Treatise or Discourse of animal Plants, as Cockles, Muscles, Oysters. 1905 Lippencott's Med. Dict. (rev. ed.) 1152/2 Zoophytography, a description of zoophytes. † zoophytoid adj. Obsolete characteristic of or resembling a zoophyte; relating to zoophytes. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > zoophyte > [adjective] > resembling a zoophyte zoophytish1854 zoophytoid1854 1854 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Compar. Physiol. (ed. 4) i. 50 In the Zoophytoid Mollusks..we are reminded of the radiated type by the circular arrangement of organs around the mouth. 1883 J. W. Griffith & A. Henfrey Micrographic Dict. (ed. 4) at Thalamapora A large, subcylindric, zoophytoid Foraminifer. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1606
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