zealotn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈzɛlət/, U.S.

/ˈzɛlət/

Forms:

α. Middle English–1600s zelote, Middle English–1700s zelot, 1600s zelott; also Scottish pre-1700 zelateis (plural).

β. 1500s– zealot.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin zelotes.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin zelotes epithet of the apostle Simon, member of a Jewish movement advocating fierce resistance to Roman rule (Vetus Latina, Vulgate), (of God) jealous (Vulgate; early 3rd cent. in Tertullian) < ancient Greek ζηλωτής zealous admirer or follower, in Hellenistic Greek also epithet of the apostle Simon, member of a Jewish movement advocating fierce resistance to Roman rule, (of God) jealous < ζηλοῦν to be zealous (see zeal v.) + -ωτής -ote suffix.Specific senses. In senses A. 1 and A. 2 ultimately after Aramaic qan'ānā, emphatic form of qan’ān (adjective) full of enthusiasm, (noun) zealot; see discussion at Canaanite n.¹ and adj. Some scholars have suggested that the Jewish movement originated not long before the rebellion of a.d. 66–70, so that the apostle Simon could not have been one of its members; instead they suggest that Simon was so called because he was a zealous disciple of Jesus. However, other scholars have argued that the movement ultimately goes back as far as the first decades a.d., having its origin in the revolt of Judas of Galilee (referred to in Acts 5:37) during Jesus's lifetime. Specific forms. The β. forms reflect assimilation to zeal n.

A. n.

1. An epithet given to the apostle Simon. (See note in etymology.) Cf. Canaanite n.¹ 2, Cananaean n. 1a.In quot. c1384 as a proper name.

ΚΠ

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke vi. 15 He..chees twelue of hem, whiche he clepide..Petre, and Andrew..Alphei, and Symound, that is clepid Zelotis [L. Zelotes], [etc.].]

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21165 [S]ymon zelote.

1653 S. Richardson Plain Dealing 5 Paul beheaded under Nero, Peter stoned, Simon Zelot crucified in Britain.

1716 Lives Holy Apostles 196 There is a Tomb in a Grot, with an Inscription, That Simon the Zealot, or Cananite was interr'd there.

1874 Dayspring (Boston) May 96/1 James the ‘Less’, and Jude his brother; Simon Zealot, and that other.

1917 Biblical World 50 6/1 If Simon the Zealot was connected with the earlier activity of the party from which his title seems to have been derived, he was a man in middle life.

2005 Harvard Theol. Rev. 98 457 A slightly different recension..specifies Simon's identity with Simon the Cananaean and Simon the Zealot.

2. Chiefly with capital initial. A member of a Jewish movement in Roman Palestine which advocated fierce resistance to Roman rule and played a significant part in the rebellion of a.d. 66–70. historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Judaism > Jewish sects > [noun] > Canaanite

zealot1537

zealator1585

zealotist1593

Canaanite1611

Cananaean1886

1537 tr. Original & Sprynge All Sectes f. 55^v Zelotes or Gelous secte. These were suttyll and sedicious rascals amonge the Iewes of Ierusalem.

1644 H. Hammond (title) Of resisting the lawfull magistrate under colour of religion... Also, of the Zelots among the Jewes.

1671 E. Stillingfleet Serm. Matt. xxi. 43 in Wks. (1710) I. 107 That desperate Faction of the Zealots, who..soon put the whole Nation into Flames.

1727 H. Herbert tr. C. Fleury Eccl. Hist. I. ii. 117 The chief of the Zealots were Eleazer, the son of Simon, and Zachariah, the son of Phalek, both of the sacerdotal line.

1766 J. Fleetwood Life Jesus Christ 414/1 This is a true account of the sect of the zealots; tho' whatever St. Simon was before, we have no reason to suspect, but after his conversion, he was very zealous for the honour of his Master.

1831 E. Burton Lect. Eccl. Hist. i. i. 11 The persons who were called Zealots, from their zeal for the national religion and independence.

1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity II. 111 (note) The Zealots formed the ‘extreme left’ division of the Pharisees politically, as the Essenes did religiously.

1915 Amer. Jrnl. Theol. 19 460 Might it not be argued that in the time of Jesus..it was the Zealots who came forward as the protesting minority?

1985 R. A. Horsley Bandits, Prophets & Messiahs ii. 83 As Josephus makes explicit, it was a coalition of precisely such brigand groups which moved into Jerusalem in the winter of 67–68 and formed the party called the Zealots.

2007 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 16 Apr. a3 The Zealots were hostile even to Jews who sought reconciliation with pagan and polytheistic Rome.

3. A person who is zealously, fervently or passionately devoted to a cause or belief, or to the pursuit of an objective or outcome. Frequently (and now usually) with disparaging implication: a person who is excessively, immoderately, or fanatically devoted to a cause or ideal, esp. a religious or political one. Sometimes with for (formerly also †of, to).In the 17th cent., sometimes with reference to excessive puritanical zeal; cf. zeal n. 2, zealous adj. 2c.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > extreme opinion, dogmatism > fanaticism > [noun] > person

zealatora1464

zealotist1593

zealot1596

zealist1614

zeal1631

zelotypist?1632

1596–1600 in A. I. Cameron Warrender Papers (1932) II. 421 In his allegoricall sermon, wha war seditious zelateis of the glorie of God, sum of thayme he reprehendit wha war to slak and shew not sik curage as thair predicessors.

a1638 J. Mede Disc. Divers Texts lii, in Wks. (1672) i. 300 The true Zealot whom God approveth, namely, He whose Spirit is in Fervency and not in Shew.

1651 J. Howell S.P.Q.V. 5 Though they continue still such great Zelotts to their own Country..they are not so to the Church.

c1665 L. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1973) 38 The more religious zelotts who afterward were branded with the name of Puritane.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Zelot..is often taken in an ill Sense, for a Separatist or Schismatick, a Fanatick.

1758 S. Johnson Idler in Universal Chron. 24 June Slavery is now no where more patiently endured, than in countries once inhabited by the Zealots of Liberty.

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. iii. 168 The queen [sc. Elizabeth I] was as a mark for the pistol or dagger of every zealot.

1851 Househ. Words 3 386/2 A horde of Methodists, Baptists, Campbellites, and other burning zealots.

1892 G. Meredith Lett. (1912) II. 448 They are both zealots of the rod [i.e. keen anglers].

1938 Nebraska State Jrnl. 14 Nov. 4/1 His is the face of a zealot..and he has a zealot's unpleasant defects.

1979 S. Marcus Quest for Best iv. 64 He is a zealot for quality, driving fifty miles..to pick up four cartons of a superior watercress.

2011 State Journal-Register (Springfield, Illinois) (Nexis) 26 June Alcohol consumers, fast-food restaurants, gun owners—who will the zealots target next?

B. adj.

That is a zealot; characteristic of a zealot or zealots.Some early examples may be regarded as attributive or appositive uses of the noun.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > rapture > [adjective]

frenetic?c1550

seraphical1581

frenetical1588

ecstatical1600

zealot1641

ecstatic1645

rapturous1656

vowed1665

seraphica1668

synagoguish1690

frantic?1715

solid1740

ecstasied1787

religionistic1842

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > extreme opinion, dogmatism > fanaticism > [adjective]

fanatical?1550

zealotical1630

zealot1641

zealotic1657

fanatic1659

synagoguish1690

unsaving1714

swivel-eyed1758

hobby-horsical1761

1641 E. Kellett Tricoenium Christi sig. a2 Broken taxations are payable to Princes against the opinion of Pharisaicall zelot Galilaeans.

1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. v. iii. 321 Our Gentleman by these Expressions had already given considerable Offence to his Zealot-Auditors.

1786 R. Hurd Serm. before Lords 6 For the zealot Jews, full of theocratic ideas, were forward to conclude, that their Christian privileges absolved them from obedience to civil government.

1845 E. Cook Poems 2nd Ser. 94 I would not have the zealot priest in white robes at my side.

1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. ix. xxxix. 262 It was not likely that at Rome there should be any of that zealot fanaticism which held it unlawful for a Jew to recognise any other earthly ruler besides God.

1889 Lippincott's Monthly Mag. Dec. 825 He..was a sort of Saint Paul of the movement, more zealot after his conversion than anybody else.

1907 H. E. Rives Satan Sanderson xxxix. 332 A thousand times his zealot imagination had pictured the recreant clergyman..as an outcast.

1975 Newport (Rhode Island) Daily News 25 Nov. 4/1 A zealot faith out of step with and unadaptable to our technological age.

2003 M. B. Pennington Monks Mount Athos (Jubilee ed.) Pref. p. xxiii. Some of the great spiritual fathers have passed on. Younger men, sometimes more zealot, have taken their place.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	zealot
释义	zealotn.adj. Brit. /ˈzɛlət/, U.S. /ˈzɛlət/ Forms: α. Middle English–1600s zelote, Middle English–1700s zelot, 1600s zelott; also Scottish pre-1700 zelateis (plural). β. 1500s– zealot. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin zelotes. Etymology: < post-classical Latin zelotes epithet of the apostle Simon, member of a Jewish movement advocating fierce resistance to Roman rule (Vetus Latina, Vulgate), (of God) jealous (Vulgate; early 3rd cent. in Tertullian) < ancient Greek ζηλωτής zealous admirer or follower, in Hellenistic Greek also epithet of the apostle Simon, member of a Jewish movement advocating fierce resistance to Roman rule, (of God) jealous < ζηλοῦν to be zealous (see zeal v.) + -ωτής -ote suffix.Specific senses. In senses A. 1 and A. 2 ultimately after Aramaic qan'ānā, emphatic form of qan’ān (adjective) full of enthusiasm, (noun) zealot; see discussion at Canaanite n.¹ and adj. Some scholars have suggested that the Jewish movement originated not long before the rebellion of a.d. 66–70, so that the apostle Simon could not have been one of its members; instead they suggest that Simon was so called because he was a zealous disciple of Jesus. However, other scholars have argued that the movement ultimately goes back as far as the first decades a.d., having its origin in the revolt of Judas of Galilee (referred to in Acts 5:37) during Jesus's lifetime. Specific forms. The β. forms reflect assimilation to zeal n. A. n. 1. An epithet given to the apostle Simon. (See note in etymology.) Cf. Canaanite n.¹ 2, Cananaean n. 1a.In quot. c1384 as a proper name. ΚΠ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke vi. 15 He..chees twelue of hem, whiche he clepide..Petre, and Andrew..Alphei, and Symound, that is clepid Zelotis [L. Zelotes], [etc.].] a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21165 [S]ymon zelote. 1653 S. Richardson Plain Dealing 5 Paul beheaded under Nero, Peter stoned, Simon Zelot crucified in Britain. 1716 Lives Holy Apostles 196 There is a Tomb in a Grot, with an Inscription, That Simon the Zealot, or Cananite was interr'd there. 1874 Dayspring (Boston) May 96/1 James the ‘Less’, and Jude his brother; Simon Zealot, and that other. 1917 Biblical World 50 6/1 If Simon the Zealot was connected with the earlier activity of the party from which his title seems to have been derived, he was a man in middle life. 2005 Harvard Theol. Rev. 98 457 A slightly different recension..specifies Simon's identity with Simon the Cananaean and Simon the Zealot. 2. Chiefly with capital initial. A member of a Jewish movement in Roman Palestine which advocated fierce resistance to Roman rule and played a significant part in the rebellion of a.d. 66–70. historical. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Judaism > Jewish sects > [noun] > Canaanite zealot1537 zealator1585 zealotist1593 Canaanite1611 Cananaean1886 1537 tr. Original & Sprynge All Sectes f. 55^v Zelotes or Gelous secte. These were suttyll and sedicious rascals amonge the Iewes of Ierusalem. 1644 H. Hammond (title) Of resisting the lawfull magistrate under colour of religion... Also, of the Zelots among the Jewes. 1671 E. Stillingfleet Serm. Matt. xxi. 43 in Wks. (1710) I. 107 That desperate Faction of the Zealots, who..soon put the whole Nation into Flames. 1727 H. Herbert tr. C. Fleury Eccl. Hist. I. ii. 117 The chief of the Zealots were Eleazer, the son of Simon, and Zachariah, the son of Phalek, both of the sacerdotal line. 1766 J. Fleetwood Life Jesus Christ 414/1 This is a true account of the sect of the zealots; tho' whatever St. Simon was before, we have no reason to suspect, but after his conversion, he was very zealous for the honour of his Master. 1831 E. Burton Lect. Eccl. Hist. i. i. 11 The persons who were called Zealots, from their zeal for the national religion and independence. 1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity II. 111 (note) The Zealots formed the ‘extreme left’ division of the Pharisees politically, as the Essenes did religiously. 1915 Amer. Jrnl. Theol. 19 460 Might it not be argued that in the time of Jesus..it was the Zealots who came forward as the protesting minority? 1985 R. A. Horsley Bandits, Prophets & Messiahs ii. 83 As Josephus makes explicit, it was a coalition of precisely such brigand groups which moved into Jerusalem in the winter of 67–68 and formed the party called the Zealots. 2007 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 16 Apr. a3 The Zealots were hostile even to Jews who sought reconciliation with pagan and polytheistic Rome. 3. A person who is zealously, fervently or passionately devoted to a cause or belief, or to the pursuit of an objective or outcome. Frequently (and now usually) with disparaging implication: a person who is excessively, immoderately, or fanatically devoted to a cause or ideal, esp. a religious or political one. Sometimes with for (formerly also †of, to).In the 17th cent., sometimes with reference to excessive puritanical zeal; cf. zeal n. 2, zealous adj. 2c. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > extreme opinion, dogmatism > fanaticism > [noun] > person zealatora1464 zealotist1593 zealot1596 zealist1614 zeal1631 zelotypist?1632 1596–1600 in A. I. Cameron Warrender Papers (1932) II. 421 In his allegoricall sermon, wha war seditious zelateis of the glorie of God, sum of thayme he reprehendit wha war to slak and shew not sik curage as thair predicessors. a1638 J. Mede Disc. Divers Texts lii, in Wks. (1672) i. 300 The true Zealot whom God approveth, namely, He whose Spirit is in Fervency and not in Shew. 1651 J. Howell S.P.Q.V. 5 Though they continue still such great Zelotts to their own Country..they are not so to the Church. c1665 L. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1973) 38 The more religious zelotts who afterward were branded with the name of Puritane. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Zelot..is often taken in an ill Sense, for a Separatist or Schismatick, a Fanatick. 1758 S. Johnson Idler in Universal Chron. 24 June Slavery is now no where more patiently endured, than in countries once inhabited by the Zealots of Liberty. 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. iii. 168 The queen [sc. Elizabeth I] was as a mark for the pistol or dagger of every zealot. 1851 Househ. Words 3 386/2 A horde of Methodists, Baptists, Campbellites, and other burning zealots. 1892 G. Meredith Lett. (1912) II. 448 They are both zealots of the rod [i.e. keen anglers]. 1938 Nebraska State Jrnl. 14 Nov. 4/1 His is the face of a zealot..and he has a zealot's unpleasant defects. 1979 S. Marcus Quest for Best iv. 64 He is a zealot for quality, driving fifty miles..to pick up four cartons of a superior watercress. 2011 State Journal-Register (Springfield, Illinois) (Nexis) 26 June Alcohol consumers, fast-food restaurants, gun owners—who will the zealots target next? B. adj. That is a zealot; characteristic of a zealot or zealots.Some early examples may be regarded as attributive or appositive uses of the noun. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > rapture > [adjective] frenetic?c1550 seraphical1581 frenetical1588 ecstatical1600 zealot1641 ecstatic1645 rapturous1656 vowed1665 seraphica1668 synagoguish1690 frantic?1715 solid1740 ecstasied1787 religionistic1842 the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > extreme opinion, dogmatism > fanaticism > [adjective] fanatical?1550 zealotical1630 zealot1641 zealotic1657 fanatic1659 synagoguish1690 unsaving1714 swivel-eyed1758 hobby-horsical1761 1641 E. Kellett Tricoenium Christi sig. a2 Broken taxations are payable to Princes against the opinion of Pharisaicall zelot Galilaeans. 1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. v. iii. 321 Our Gentleman by these Expressions had already given considerable Offence to his Zealot-Auditors. 1786 R. Hurd Serm. before Lords 6 For the zealot Jews, full of theocratic ideas, were forward to conclude, that their Christian privileges absolved them from obedience to civil government. 1845 E. Cook Poems 2nd Ser. 94 I would not have the zealot priest in white robes at my side. 1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. ix. xxxix. 262 It was not likely that at Rome there should be any of that zealot fanaticism which held it unlawful for a Jew to recognise any other earthly ruler besides God. 1889 Lippincott's Monthly Mag. Dec. 825 He..was a sort of Saint Paul of the movement, more zealot after his conversion than anybody else. 1907 H. E. Rives Satan Sanderson xxxix. 332 A thousand times his zealot imagination had pictured the recreant clergyman..as an outcast. 1975 Newport (Rhode Island) Daily News 25 Nov. 4/1 A zealot faith out of step with and unadaptable to our technological age. 2003 M. B. Pennington Monks Mount Athos (Jubilee ed.) Pref. p. xxiii. Some of the great spiritual fathers have passed on. Younger men, sometimes more zealot, have taken their place. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.a1400
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