yokeln.adj.

Brit.

/ˈjəʊkl/, U.S.

/ˈjoʊkəl/

Forms: 1800s youkell, 1800s yokle, 1800s– yokel; Scottish 1800s yochil, 1800s youchal, 1800s– yochel.

Origin: Of uncertain origin.

Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps the same word as English regional (Yorkshire) and Scots regional yokel ploughboy, ploughman (apparently < yoke n. + -el suffix¹), although this is first attested later (1888).It has been suggested that the word ultimately derives from German regional (southern) Jockel, used in the same way (originally a pet form of the male forenames Jakob and Joachim), which could have been brought to North America by emigrants, and subsequently (within English) from North America to Britain. However, widespread German immigration to North America did not begin until the mid 19th cent., and there is no early evidence of the word there. There is also no indication that the word might have been borrowed from German directly into British English.

Usually derogatory.

A. n.

An uneducated and unsophisticated person from the countryside; a rustic, a country bumpkin.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant > ignorant

chuffc1440

lob1533

lobcocka1556

hick1565

bumpkin1570

swad1572

hob-clunch1578

hoblob1582

clubhutchen1584

gran1591

bacon1598

boor1598

hobbinol1600

homespun1600

lob-coat1604

loblolly1604

hobnail1645

bacon-slicer1653

jobson1660

hob-thrush1682

country put1688

put1688

clodhopper1699

bumpkinet1714

joskin1811

yokel1819

whopstraw1821

chaw-bacon1822

lobeline1844

farmer1864

sheepshagger1958

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [noun] > rude or ignorant

chuffc1440

mobarda1450

lob1533

lobcocka1556

clown1565

hick1565

bumpkin1570

swad1572

peasant1576

hob-clunch1578

hoblob1582

clubhutchen1584

bacon1598

boor1598

hobbinol1600

homespun1600

loblolly lamb1600

lob-coat1604

loblolly1604

hobnail1645

champkina1652

bacon-slicer1653

jobson1660

hob-thrush1682

country put1688

put1688

country cousin1692

clodhopper1699

hawbuck1787

Johnny Raw1803

joskin1811

yokel1819

whopstraw1821

chaw-bacon1822

lobeline1844

country jake1845

Hoosier1846

hayseed1851

Reuben1855

scissorbill1876

agricole1882

country jay1888

rube1891

jasper1896

farmer1903

stump jumper1936

woop woop1936

potato head1948

no-neck1961

1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Memoirs II. 227 Youkell, a countryman or clown.

1820 Sporting Mag. July 193/2 It was thought Redgreaves was a Yokel; but upon further scrutiny, it turned out that he was a Clerkenweller.

1861 W. M. Thackeray Four Georges iv. 203 Blacklegs..inveigle silly yokels with greasy packs of cards in railroad cars.

1883 D. C. Murray Hearts xxv The yokel, being a yokel, was not good at the reading of facial expression.

1929 Rotarian Feb. 33/1 The letter was supposed to be written by a yokel from the back-woods.

1975 K. Williams Diary 9 Aug. (1993) 498 Then a gentleman in a white beard rose and recited a monologue about a yokel buying a quartern of beer.

2003 Times 21 Nov. ii. 16/3 Many English folk have an image of Cornwall as a quaint land full of yokels wandering the streets eating pasties.

B. adj. (chiefly attributive).

Of, relating to, or designating a yokel; characteristic of a yokel or yokels; rustic, provincial, unsophisticated.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [adjective] > rude or ignorant peasant

bacon-fed1598

hobnailed1599

pezantic1613

municipal1619

hobnail1624

swainish1642

bumpkinly1656

puttish1738

bumpkinish1778

hobbish1823

yokel1823

small-town1824

clodhopping1828

yokelish1886

hick1920

1823 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 14 66 London replied to the call—the land of the Cockneys, indignant At this yokel attempt to set up a Champion provincial. [Note] Yokel,—Provincial, I opine; but am not sure.

1844 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit xxxvi. 419 None of your steady-going, yokel coaches, but a swaggering, rakish..London coach.

1891 C. T. C. James Romantic Rigmarole ix Maidservants..looked eagerly for their yokel sweethearts.

1928 Amer. Mercury Oct. 223/1 There were yokel boys from down the State.

1977 N.Y. Mag. 26 Dec. 86/2 Demme's citizens-band story was considered too yokel for city audiences.

2009 Times 27 June 28/2 If you live on the mainland, you might think it's all a bit yokel but it's unfair to look at islanders like that.

Compounds

Objective, parasynthetic, similative, etc., as yokel-headed, yokel-stubborn, yokel-worshipping, etc.

ΚΠ

1924 G. J. Nathan in Amer. Mercury Nov. 377/2 How many yokel-massaging final curtains have descended upon that banality!

1935 L. MacNeice Poems 15 The moon's glare, Goggling yokel-stubborn.

1982 G. Yaney Urge to Mobilize 8 The last thing I want is to give comfort to the yokel-worshipping nincompoopery associated with Lev Tolstoi in his declining years.

2012 T. Wolfe Back to Blood iii. 112 I've let myself be used, duped, gulled, diddled with, in the most humiliating and yokel-headed fashion.

Derivatives

ˈyokeldom n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant > ignorant > collectively

yokeldom1875

Dad and Dave1914

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [noun] > rude or ignorant > collectively

yokeldom1875

1875 Belgravia Nov. 60 Yokeldom was everywhere rampant.

1937 Aberdeen Press & Jrnl. 28 June 6/5 The slur of yokeldom has gone.

2007 Commonweal 14 Sept. 32/2 American yokeldom has gone to the dogs. And to the reality TV shows.

ˈyokelish adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [adjective] > rude or ignorant peasant

bacon-fed1598

hobnailed1599

pezantic1613

municipal1619

hobnail1624

swainish1642

bumpkinly1656

puttish1738

bumpkinish1778

hobbish1823

yokel1823

small-town1824

clodhopping1828

yokelish1886

hick1920

1886 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. Nov. 236 A very good rural population, with somewhat yokelish notions.

1920 Freeman 17 Nov. 238/1 An industrious peasantry, freed from the burden of a yokelish priesthood and an irresponsible class of landowners.

2011 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 22 Apr. 23 They often expect you to be a certain sort of person if you're from Bristol or the Westcountry—a bit yokelish and backward.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	yokel
释义	yokeln.adj. Brit. /ˈjəʊkl/, U.S. /ˈjoʊkəl/ Forms: 1800s youkell, 1800s yokle, 1800s– yokel; Scottish 1800s yochil, 1800s youchal, 1800s– yochel. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps the same word as English regional (Yorkshire) and Scots regional yokel ploughboy, ploughman (apparently < yoke n. + -el suffix¹), although this is first attested later (1888).It has been suggested that the word ultimately derives from German regional (southern) Jockel, used in the same way (originally a pet form of the male forenames Jakob and Joachim), which could have been brought to North America by emigrants, and subsequently (within English) from North America to Britain. However, widespread German immigration to North America did not begin until the mid 19th cent., and there is no early evidence of the word there. There is also no indication that the word might have been borrowed from German directly into British English. Usually derogatory. A. n. An uneducated and unsophisticated person from the countryside; a rustic, a country bumpkin. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant > ignorant chuffc1440 lob1533 lobcocka1556 hick1565 bumpkin1570 swad1572 hob-clunch1578 hoblob1582 clubhutchen1584 gran1591 bacon1598 boor1598 hobbinol1600 homespun1600 lob-coat1604 loblolly1604 hobnail1645 bacon-slicer1653 jobson1660 hob-thrush1682 country put1688 put1688 clodhopper1699 bumpkinet1714 joskin1811 yokel1819 whopstraw1821 chaw-bacon1822 lobeline1844 farmer1864 sheepshagger1958 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [noun] > rude or ignorant chuffc1440 mobarda1450 lob1533 lobcocka1556 clown1565 hick1565 bumpkin1570 swad1572 peasant1576 hob-clunch1578 hoblob1582 clubhutchen1584 bacon1598 boor1598 hobbinol1600 homespun1600 loblolly lamb1600 lob-coat1604 loblolly1604 hobnail1645 champkina1652 bacon-slicer1653 jobson1660 hob-thrush1682 country put1688 put1688 country cousin1692 clodhopper1699 hawbuck1787 Johnny Raw1803 joskin1811 yokel1819 whopstraw1821 chaw-bacon1822 lobeline1844 country jake1845 Hoosier1846 hayseed1851 Reuben1855 scissorbill1876 agricole1882 country jay1888 rube1891 jasper1896 farmer1903 stump jumper1936 woop woop1936 potato head1948 no-neck1961 1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Memoirs II. 227 Youkell, a countryman or clown. 1820 Sporting Mag. July 193/2 It was thought Redgreaves was a Yokel; but upon further scrutiny, it turned out that he was a Clerkenweller. 1861 W. M. Thackeray Four Georges iv. 203 Blacklegs..inveigle silly yokels with greasy packs of cards in railroad cars. 1883 D. C. Murray Hearts xxv The yokel, being a yokel, was not good at the reading of facial expression. 1929 Rotarian Feb. 33/1 The letter was supposed to be written by a yokel from the back-woods. 1975 K. Williams Diary 9 Aug. (1993) 498 Then a gentleman in a white beard rose and recited a monologue about a yokel buying a quartern of beer. 2003 Times 21 Nov. ii. 16/3 Many English folk have an image of Cornwall as a quaint land full of yokels wandering the streets eating pasties. B. adj. (chiefly attributive). Of, relating to, or designating a yokel; characteristic of a yokel or yokels; rustic, provincial, unsophisticated. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [adjective] > rude or ignorant peasant bacon-fed1598 hobnailed1599 pezantic1613 municipal1619 hobnail1624 swainish1642 bumpkinly1656 puttish1738 bumpkinish1778 hobbish1823 yokel1823 small-town1824 clodhopping1828 yokelish1886 hick1920 1823 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 14 66 London replied to the call—the land of the Cockneys, indignant At this yokel attempt to set up a Champion provincial. [Note] Yokel,—Provincial, I opine; but am not sure. 1844 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit xxxvi. 419 None of your steady-going, yokel coaches, but a swaggering, rakish..London coach. 1891 C. T. C. James Romantic Rigmarole ix Maidservants..looked eagerly for their yokel sweethearts. 1928 Amer. Mercury Oct. 223/1 There were yokel boys from down the State. 1977 N.Y. Mag. 26 Dec. 86/2 Demme's citizens-band story was considered too yokel for city audiences. 2009 Times 27 June 28/2 If you live on the mainland, you might think it's all a bit yokel but it's unfair to look at islanders like that. Compounds Objective, parasynthetic, similative, etc., as yokel-headed, yokel-stubborn, yokel-worshipping, etc. ΚΠ 1924 G. J. Nathan in Amer. Mercury Nov. 377/2 How many yokel-massaging final curtains have descended upon that banality! 1935 L. MacNeice Poems 15 The moon's glare, Goggling yokel-stubborn. 1982 G. Yaney Urge to Mobilize 8 The last thing I want is to give comfort to the yokel-worshipping nincompoopery associated with Lev Tolstoi in his declining years. 2012 T. Wolfe Back to Blood iii. 112 I've let myself be used, duped, gulled, diddled with, in the most humiliating and yokel-headed fashion. Derivatives ˈyokeldom n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant > ignorant > collectively yokeldom1875 Dad and Dave1914 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [noun] > rude or ignorant > collectively yokeldom1875 1875 Belgravia Nov. 60 Yokeldom was everywhere rampant. 1937 Aberdeen Press & Jrnl. 28 June 6/5 The slur of yokeldom has gone. 2007 Commonweal 14 Sept. 32/2 American yokeldom has gone to the dogs. And to the reality TV shows. ˈyokelish adj. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [adjective] > rude or ignorant peasant bacon-fed1598 hobnailed1599 pezantic1613 municipal1619 hobnail1624 swainish1642 bumpkinly1656 puttish1738 bumpkinish1778 hobbish1823 yokel1823 small-town1824 clodhopping1828 yokelish1886 hick1920 1886 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. Nov. 236 A very good rural population, with somewhat yokelish notions. 1920 Freeman 17 Nov. 238/1 An industrious peasantry, freed from the burden of a yokelish priesthood and an irresponsible class of landowners. 2011 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 22 Apr. 23 They often expect you to be a certain sort of person if you're from Bristol or the Westcountry—a bit yokelish and backward. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.1819
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