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单词 yogurt
释义

yogurtn.

Brit. /ˈjɒɡət/, U.S. /ˈjoʊɡərt/
Forms:

α. 1600s ioghourt, 1600s yoghurd, 1700s joghourt, 1700s yahout, 1700s 1900s yoghourth, 1800s jaghur, 1800s yohurt, 1800s–1900s yahourt, 1800s– yaghourt, 1800s– yoghoort, 1800s– yoghourt, 1800s– yoghurt, 1900s joghourt (South African), 1900s joghurt, 1900s yaghourth, 1900s yoghurth, 1900s yohourth. 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes II. ix. xv. §9. 1601 Neither doe they [sc. the Turks] eate much Milke, except it bee made sower, which they call Yoghurd.1683 J. Phillips tr. G.-J. Grelot Late Voy. Constantinople 240 With this they frequently mix a sort of curdled Milk, which they call Ioghourt.1733 S. Madden Mem. 20th Cent. 500 We had some dishes mix'd up with a sort of curdled milk, call'd Joghourt.1837 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 22 148 Excellent acidulous milk or jaghur.1912 Dundee Advertiser 2 Nov. 7 Servian yoghourt is well known.1925 C. H. Browning Bacteriol. vii. 154 ‘Yoghurt’, which contains very little alcohol, is prepared by the Bulgarians, Greeks and Turks from cow's milk.1976 Darling (S. Afr.) 28 Apr. If you like yoghourt but find it rather expensive, try making maas as the Zulus do.2009 Guardian 14 Mar. (Guide Suppl.) 43/2–3 Standouts among the starters include..reshmi tikka (chicken breast infused with yoghurt, cashew nut and spices).

β. 1600s 1800s yugurt, 1600s (1900s– chiefly Canadian) yogourt, 1800s yogurd, 1800s– yagourt, 1800s– yogurt, 1900s– jogourt, 1900s– jogurt, 1900s– yoğurt, 2000s– yoggut (nonstandard). 1636 H. Blount Voy. Levant 101 They call that mixture Pilawe, over it they put milke made thicke, and sower called Yugurt.1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 96 The Yogourt is an ordinary Ragoe in that Countrey.1812 tr. P. S. Pallas Trav. through Southern Provinces Russ. Empire II. 360 Their ordinary beverage is made by triturating and dissolving cheese in water; the former of which is called Yasma, being prepared from coagulated milk, or Yugurt [Ger. Jugurt].1846 J. von Hammer tr. Evliya Çelebi Narr. Trav. I. ii. lv. 47 These consist of white cracknels (gurek), white bread (semid), pastry (churek), and peaches of exquisite flavour, apricots, grapes, roses of Boshnák Dedeh, kaimak (cream), and yogúrd (curd), and fat sheep.1956 I. Orga Cooking with Yogurt 8 Yoǧurt is a natural food and..only needs the simplest equipment.1977 Los Angeles June 149/2 Alta-Dena frozen yogurt is presented in cones, dishes,..and smoothies.2016 Observer 24 Jan. (Mag.) 42/1 Skyr is an Icelandic yogurt, but if you can't get that, any natural or Greek yogurt will work.

γ. 1700s– yaourt, 1800s yaoort, 1800s yaort, 1800s youart. 1759 tr. J. Æ. van Egmont & J. Heyman Trav. through Europe, Asia Minor I. 127 A dish of yaourt [Du. Yaourt] or curds and cream.1798 W. Eton Surv. Turkish Empire 233 Fresh yaourt is a great article of food among the natives, and the Europeans soon become fond of it.1816 J. Morier Journey through Persia, Armenia, Asia Minor 1808 & 1809 340 Yaourt and cold pillau.1819 T. Hope Anastasius (1820) I. vii. 137 Once on a fast-day eating some nice Yaoort.1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Yaourt, a fermented liquor or milk-beer, similar to koumis.1887 T. Stevens Around World on Bicycle xviii. 427 The yaort bowl contains one solitary wooden spoon.1901 F. C. de Sumichrast tr. T. Gautier Constantinople 60 in Wks. V. Open-air stalls for the sale of yaourt (curdled milk), kaimak (boiled milk), confectioners' shops,—for the Turks are very fond of sweets,—water-sellers' stalls [etc.].1935 J. M. N. Jeffries Front Everywhere 261 You got a reduction at the end..of the yaourt season.a2011 P. L. Fermor Broken Road (2013) iv. 105 A small earthenware dish of my favourite food in Bulgaria: yaourt.

δ. 1800s–1900s giaourt, 1800s–1900s yiaourt, 1800s– yiaourti, 1900s giaourti, 1900s– yaourti. 1853 Househ. Words 17 Dec. 374/2 The preparation called giaourt, or sour curds.1896 L. M. J. Garnett tr. Greek Folk Poesy II. 404 Take some pots of yiaoúrt, and cry in the streets ‘Yiaoúrti!’ and, as you pass by the body of my uncle, throw them down so that they may break.1917 Bus. Digest 26 Sept. 1531/1 The diversion [in Greece] of large quantities of raw milk to production of giaourt or yiarouti [read yiaourti]—coagulated goats' or sheeps' milk similar to ‘Lait Caillé’.1941 Commonweal 31 Jan. 373/2 Once in a while have a dish of yaourti, which is good for the stomach.

Origin: Of multiple origins. A borrowing from Turkish. Partly also a borrowing from Italian. Partly also a borrowing from French. Partly also a borrowing from Dutch. Partly also a borrowing from German. Partly also a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Ottoman Turkish yoġurt; Italian iogurt; French yogourt, yaourt; Dutch yoghurt, yogourt; German Joghurt; Greek γιαούρτι.
Etymology: Ultimately < Ottoman Turkish yoġurt (1451; Turkish yoğurt ), cognate e.g. with Old Uighur yoġrut , yorġut (10th cent.), Kipchak yoġurt (13th cent.); further etymology uncertain. In early use via forms in other European languages: compare Italian iogurt, yogurt (1538 as iugurth), French yogourt (a1457 in Middle French; now chiefly Canadian French and Swiss French), yaourt (a1799 in a translation of quot. 1798 at γ. forms; also yahourt, yoghourt, yogourth, etc.), Dutch yoghurt (1728 or earlier as yogourt), †yaourt (1757 in the passage translated in quot. 1759 at γ. forms), German Joghurt, Jogurt (1738 or earlier as Jugurt); in δ. forms via modern Greek γιαούρτι.Form history. Ottoman Turkish -ġ- (corresponding to Turkish -ğ- ) originally stood for a voiced velar fricative consonant and was variously transliterated in European languages by -g- , -gh- , and -h- : compare α. and β. forms. The γ. forms (and ultimately also the δ. forms) reflect a variant pronunciation with the fricative elided, which is now standard in Turkish. Present-day spelling variation. The spelling yoghurt is frequent in British written sources, as also in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. However, yogurt (which is by far the dominant form in the United States) predominates in most everyday contexts in Britain, as for instance in food packaging.
a. A thick liquid or semi-solid foodstuff with a characteristically sourish, tangy taste made from milk fermented by the addition of certain bacteria.Yogurt was introduced to the West from the Levant and early references frequently refer to it as a drink. In English-speaking countries it is now more typically a semi-solid food, often sweetened and with fruit or other flavourings added.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [noun] > yoghurt
yogurt1625
curd1888
1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes II. ix. xv. §9. 1601 Neither doe they [sc. the Turks] eate much Milke, except it bee made sower, which they call Yoghurd.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 25 A kind of Butter-milk by them [sc. Turks] called Yogourt [Fr. yogourt], which they drink.
1733 S. Madden Mem. 20th Cent. 500 We had some dishes mix'd up with a sort of curdled milk, call'd Joghourt.
1796 W. Hunter Trav. through France, Turkey, & Hungary, to Vienna 1792 164 Yahout and pilow are also two favourite dishes in Turkey. The first is milk turned with runnet. It is very sour to the taste, but the Turks prefer it without sugar.
1805 J. Griffiths Trav. Europe, Asia Minor, & Arabia xxiv. 387 That which they seem to prefer is meat of any kind pounded with meal or flower, seasoned with pepper and salt; which being formed into balls, is boiled and eaten with yaourt, which the Arabs call lebban.
1827 Domest. Econ. & Cookery for Rich & Poor Pref p. iv The sweet pillaus, yahourt, and cold soups of Persia; the cubbubs, sweet yaughs, and sherbets of Egypt.
1844 A. W. Kinglake Eothen xvii. 250 The ‘youart’, or curds and whey, which is the principal delicacy to be found amongst the wandering tribes.
1883 E. O'Donovan Merv Oasis xviii. 216 We halted to..refresh ourselves with a draught of yaghourt.
1909 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Soc. Sci. 34 174 We may live to be 120 by the use of yogurt.
1911 Everybody's Mag. May 700/2 Carberry's gaze fell on a row of sealed bottles of Bulgarian Yahourt, on another row of smaller bottles.
1934 E. Waugh Handful of Dust i. 13 Mrs. Beaver stood with her back to the fire, eating her morning yoghourt. She held the carton close under her chin and gobbled with a spoon.
1939 N. C. Cook My Road to India v. 82 They spread a table of fresh boughs and brought out big round loaves of dark bread, olives, white cheese and yiaourti.
1955 G. Freeman Liberty Man i. ii. 32 Miss Parrot, who ate only yoghourt for lunch, would dip a teaspoon into the bottle.
1980 Sunday Times 14 Sept. (Colour Suppl.) 85/4 Stokowski..was concerned with retaining his youth—and Garbo, always a food faddist, was into the ‘yoga and yoghourt’ experience.
2013 L. Miller Parallel ii. 35 Tyler turns his lunch bag over and dumps the contents on to the lawn. Four sandwiches, two apples, an orange, two bags of crisps, a pot of blueberry yoghurt and an entire sleeve of Chips Ahoy.
2015 Bon Appétit Jan. 73/1 Mix vadouvan, half of garlic, ¼ cup yogurt, and 3 Tbsp. oil in a large bowl until smooth.
b. As a count noun: a particular type of this.
ΚΠ
1951 Daily Chron. (Centralia, Washington) 1 Mar. 15/5 (advt.) ‘Yami Yogurts’ are here!
1973 B. Nilsom Cooking with Yogurt iii. 17 Don't be misled by claims made for certain yogurts that they are ‘live’ or ‘true’ yogurts. They are no different from the ordinary commercial yogurt, except that many..may cost more.
2000 C. Hanger World Food: Morocco 59 An unusual Moroccan yoghurt, rayib, is made from milk thickened with the hairy hearts of wild Moroccan artichokes.
2011 Independent 30 May 25/2 The slimmer sheds weight rapidly by eating only low-fat proteins (from veal to fish to no-fat yoghurts).
c. A quantity or serving of yogurt, esp. as sold in a small plastic pot. Cf. yogurt pot n. at Compounds 2.
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1968 Times 2 Jan. 2/3 A milkman..found a note in a bottle saying: ‘A dozen eggs, four yoghourts and two bottles of milk.’
1986 J. Wilson Amber ix. 76 Fingers of yesterday's wholemeal bread and an apricot yoghurt only two days past the sell-by date.
2003 W. Blackberry Levitical Day (2005) vii. 37 She grabbed a four-pack of yogurts and ripped apart the cardboard.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as yogurt cup, yogurt drink, yogurt maker, etc.
ΚΠ
1837 J. Pardoe City of Sultan II. xvii. 246 The yahourt-merchant, with his..trays covered with little brown clay basins, showing forth the creamy whiteness of his merchandize.
?1909 J. H. Kellogg Art of Massage (ed. 6) 227 A remedy of great value in these cases is Yoghurt whey.
1927 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 12 Mar. 47/1 Oral administration of a yoghurt preparation..is said to be the method of choice.
1951 Cedar Rapids (Iowa) Gaz. 10 Aug. 10/4 Cole Slaw with Yogurt Dressing.
1970 R. Lowell Notebk. 185 Open books, yogurt cups in the unmade bed.
1971 Garden News 25 June 14/4 Transparent yoghurt cartons.
1989 Hudson Rev. 42 70 I received a..gift. The cover of the box indicated that it was an electric yogurt maker.
2007 New Yorker 9 July 49/1 The sausage had been..stuffed into a hunk of bread with a piece of onion. It went very well with a glass of the yogurt drink ayran.
C2.
yogurt pot n. chiefly British a small pot, typically made of plastic, in which yogurt is sold; also (and earliest) in extended use.
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1961 R. Gottlieb That Summer in Paris xii. 150 ‘I've got my yoghurt pot right over there. I'll drive you home.’ He pointed to a tiny white bubble-on-wheels that indeed did look more like a container for yoghurt than a serious means of transportation.
1963 G. Mayo Nobody's Nothing xiv. 167 She is just adding up money on the returned yoghurt pots.
2010 C. Rayban Mwah-Mwah xi. 170 My breakfast was on the table. l could see from an empty yogurt pot that Matthilde had already had hers.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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