yodn.

Brit.

/jɒd/, U.S.

/jɑd/

Forms: 1500s–1600s iod, 1600s– jod, 1600s– yod, 1700s jodh, 1700s– yud, 1800s– yodh.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Hebrew. Etymons: Latin iod; Hebrew yōḏ.

Etymology: < (i) post-classical Latin iod, ioth (4th cent.), and its etymon (ii) Hebrew yōḏ < Phoenician yd (probably yōd ), lit. ‘hand’, the letter being so called on account of its original resemblance to a hand. With later uses in sense 1a, denoting the corresponding letter in various other Semitic alphabets, compare Phoenician yd , and ( < Hebrew) Aramaic yōḏ (Syriac (Western) yūḏ , (Eastern) yōḏ ) and Yiddish yūd (representing an Ashkenazic pronunciation of the Hebrew letter name). Compare iota n., jot n.¹In sense 1b probably a learned substitution for jot n.¹ or its etymon ancient Greek ἰῶτα (the name of the smallest letter in the Greek alphabet, so used in the original text of Matthew 5:18: see quot. 1526 at jot n.¹); compare earlier tittle n. 2. N.E.D. (1921) gives the pronunciation as (yǫd, yō^ud) /jɒd/, /jəʊd/.

a. (The name of) the tenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet (י); (also) the corresponding letter in any of various other Semitic alphabets.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > Semitic

alephc1300

vau1382

yod1534

waw1832

vav1869

1534 G. Joye in tr. Dauids Psalter f. 189^v, (margin) Iod.

1565 W. Alley Πτωχομυσεῖον i. iii. f. 122^v This name..is founde written in the auncient bookes of the Hebrues with three Iods..inclosed with a circle, and the point Camets set vnderneth them.

1648 C. Raue Disc. Orientall Tongues 42 Who sees not these to be the very same letters deemed with Alef, Bet, Gimel..Yod, [etc.].

1691 J. Wallis 3 Serm. iii. 80 (note) The Hebrew Letter, by different persons, is differently called Jod and Yod; and accordingly that Name to be written in English Ja or Ya.

1735 I. Lyons Scholars Instr. 25 Those Verbs which have Vau Consonant, or Yod Consonant for the second Radical.

1769 J. Parkhurst Greek Lex. 279/2 An Iota, Jod, or Yod.

1810 W. Drummond Ess. Punic Inscription Found Island of Malta 34 The Ethiopian wawe is frequently to be changed into the Hebrew jod.

1823 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 334/1 I, iota, is the Hebrew or Phoenician jod or yod.

1882 Jrnl. Soc. Biblical Lit. 2 9 The difficulty of deciding whether a shin or an 'ee is preceded by a yud or a nun.

1903 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 24 191 Practically all verbs primae yod in Syriac have the intransitive form.

1961 Jewish Soc. Stud. 23 61 An ancient tradition underlies the Yiddish pronunciation of double vov and double yud.

1976 Bull. School Oriental & Afr. Stud. 39 425 Note the consistent use of aleph where Talmudic Aramaic would use yod.

2008 Jewish Q. Rev. 98 494 This tradition has roots in the writings of the Neoplatonic grammarians, who use the term 'seter' to correlate directly to the four letters of open sound: alef, heh, vav, and yod.

b. The smallest part or element of a written text (yod being the smallest letter of the Hebrew alphabet in square writing). Hence: the least or smallest part or amount of anything. Cf. iota n. 2, jot n.¹ Now rare.With allusion to Matthew 5:18.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > written character not a letter > diacritic > types of > in Hebrew

yod1534

sheva1582

dagesh1591

mater lectionis1659

1534 G. Joye Subuersion Moris False Found. f. lvi Soner shulde heuen and erthe slyde awaye than one Iod or Title of the Lawe shulde perisshe.

1596 H. Clapham Briefe of Bible i. 55 Neither might he [sc. Moses] Adde, detract or Alter any iod thereof.

1610 J. Donne Pseudo-martyr x. 277 The Canons..inflict an Anatheme vppon any Lay-man, which shall so much as dispute vpon, the text, or any one Iod of the Epistle of Pope Leo.

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1958) IX. 71 No Iod in the Scripture shall perish; therefore no Iod is superfluous.

1656 J. Bramhall Replic. to Bishop of Chalcedon viii. 324 If Henry the eighth had any other private sinistre grounds known only to himself, they doe not render the Reformation one jod the worse in it self.

1736 R. Grey Miserable & Distracted State of Relig. in Eng. xvi. 76 Is there any Word, Jod, or Tittle of Presbytery in any Article, Line, or Letter of the Covenant?

2006 B. Pozzo & V. Jacometti Multilingualism & Harmonisation of European Law 214 A text is ‘negotiated’..right down to the last comma. As ever, not a single yod..of the law passes unobserved.

2. Phonetics. The semivowel represented by /j/ in the International Phonetic Alphabet; the symbol standing for this sound in phonetic transcription.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > vowel > [noun] > semi-vowel > specific

yod1887

1887 Mod. Lang. Notes 2 232 Under the influence of the initial yod of iô, the article proper has disappeared, as in the popular qu'est-ce qu'i y a for ‘qu'est-ce qu'il y a’.

1934 M. K. Pope From Lat. to Mod. Fr. ii. i. 55 The voiced fricative sound j (jod), heard in bien bjẽ.

1971 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 17 19 Discussion is limited to two aspects of palatization in French: velars followed by front vowels, and clusters of single consonant plus yod.

1988 Phonology 5 172 In American usage it is a voiced unrounded palatal central approximant, which is represented by [j] (yod) in the IPA usage.

2004 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 11 Feb. 5/2 One declining mode of speech is the yod, in which suit is pronounced syuit and issue is pronounced issyou.

Compounds

yod-dropping n. Phonetics the loss or elision of the semivowel /j/ in the pronunciation of certain combinations of sounds in English, typically when following other consonants within the same syllable.

ΚΠ

1982 J. C. Wells Accents of English I. ii. 163 The cure vowel is frequently preceded by a yod, /j/... GenAm reflects more widespread Yod Dropping than RP and most other British accents.

1999 J. C. Beal Eng. Pronunc. in Eighteenth Cent. v. 144 Yod-dropping is a sound change (or perhaps a set of sound changes) which is still diffusing in the twentieth century.

2009 A. Radford et al. Linguistics: Introd. (ed. 2) i. iv. 63 Another example is the loss of the glide [j] before [uː] in words such as tune, duke, new, enthusiasm, resume, solution etc., a change commonly known as yod-dropping.

yod-coalescence n. Phonetics the palatalization of the sounds /dj/, /tj/, /sj/, and /zj/ into /dʒ/, /tʃ/, /ʃ/, and /ʒ/, in some varieties of English.

ΚΠ

1982 J. C. Wells Accents of English II. v. 435 Yod Coalescence in stressed syllables is common in Dublin..; dew = due = Jew.

2010 S. Clarke Newfoundland & Labrador Eng. ii. 62 This is 'yod-coalescence', or the fusion of the stop and glide into the corresponding palatal affricates [ʧ] and [ʤ]. Thus tune may sound like 'choon' and dune, like 'June'.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	yod
释义	yodn. Brit. /jɒd/, U.S. /jɑd/ Forms: 1500s–1600s iod, 1600s– jod, 1600s– yod, 1700s jodh, 1700s– yud, 1800s– yodh. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Hebrew. Etymons: Latin iod; Hebrew yōḏ. Etymology: < (i) post-classical Latin iod, ioth (4th cent.), and its etymon (ii) Hebrew yōḏ < Phoenician yd (probably yōd ), lit. ‘hand’, the letter being so called on account of its original resemblance to a hand. With later uses in sense 1a, denoting the corresponding letter in various other Semitic alphabets, compare Phoenician yd , and ( < Hebrew) Aramaic yōḏ (Syriac (Western) yūḏ , (Eastern) yōḏ ) and Yiddish yūd (representing an Ashkenazic pronunciation of the Hebrew letter name). Compare iota n., jot n.¹In sense 1b probably a learned substitution for jot n.¹ or its etymon ancient Greek ἰῶτα (the name of the smallest letter in the Greek alphabet, so used in the original text of Matthew 5:18: see quot. 1526 at jot n.¹); compare earlier tittle n. 2. N.E.D. (1921) gives the pronunciation as (yǫd, yō^ud) /jɒd/, /jəʊd/. 1. a. (The name of) the tenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet (י); (also) the corresponding letter in any of various other Semitic alphabets. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > Semitic alephc1300 vau1382 yod1534 waw1832 vav1869 1534 G. Joye in tr. Dauids Psalter f. 189^v, (margin) Iod. 1565 W. Alley Πτωχομυσεῖον i. iii. f. 122^v This name..is founde written in the auncient bookes of the Hebrues with three Iods..inclosed with a circle, and the point Camets set vnderneth them. 1648 C. Raue Disc. Orientall Tongues 42 Who sees not these to be the very same letters deemed with Alef, Bet, Gimel..Yod, [etc.]. 1691 J. Wallis 3 Serm. iii. 80 (note) The Hebrew Letter, by different persons, is differently called Jod and Yod; and accordingly that Name to be written in English Ja or Ya. 1735 I. Lyons Scholars Instr. 25 Those Verbs which have Vau Consonant, or Yod Consonant for the second Radical. 1769 J. Parkhurst Greek Lex. 279/2 An Iota, Jod, or Yod. 1810 W. Drummond Ess. Punic Inscription Found Island of Malta 34 The Ethiopian wawe is frequently to be changed into the Hebrew jod. 1823 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 334/1 I, iota, is the Hebrew or Phoenician jod or yod. 1882 Jrnl. Soc. Biblical Lit. 2 9 The difficulty of deciding whether a shin or an 'ee is preceded by a yud or a nun. 1903 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 24 191 Practically all verbs primae yod in Syriac have the intransitive form. 1961 Jewish Soc. Stud. 23 61 An ancient tradition underlies the Yiddish pronunciation of double vov and double yud. 1976 Bull. School Oriental & Afr. Stud. 39 425 Note the consistent use of aleph where Talmudic Aramaic would use yod. 2008 Jewish Q. Rev. 98 494 This tradition has roots in the writings of the Neoplatonic grammarians, who use the term 'seter' to correlate directly to the four letters of open sound: alef, heh, vav, and yod. b. The smallest part or element of a written text (yod being the smallest letter of the Hebrew alphabet in square writing). Hence: the least or smallest part or amount of anything. Cf. iota n. 2, jot n.¹ Now rare.With allusion to Matthew 5:18. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > written character not a letter > diacritic > types of > in Hebrew yod1534 sheva1582 dagesh1591 mater lectionis1659 1534 G. Joye Subuersion Moris False Found. f. lvi Soner shulde heuen and erthe slyde awaye than one Iod or Title of the Lawe shulde perisshe. 1596 H. Clapham Briefe of Bible i. 55 Neither might he [sc. Moses] Adde, detract or Alter any iod thereof. 1610 J. Donne Pseudo-martyr x. 277 The Canons..inflict an Anatheme vppon any Lay-man, which shall so much as dispute vpon, the text, or any one Iod of the Epistle of Pope Leo. a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1958) IX. 71 No Iod in the Scripture shall perish; therefore no Iod is superfluous. 1656 J. Bramhall Replic. to Bishop of Chalcedon viii. 324 If Henry the eighth had any other private sinistre grounds known only to himself, they doe not render the Reformation one jod the worse in it self. 1736 R. Grey Miserable & Distracted State of Relig. in Eng. xvi. 76 Is there any Word, Jod, or Tittle of Presbytery in any Article, Line, or Letter of the Covenant? 2006 B. Pozzo & V. Jacometti Multilingualism & Harmonisation of European Law 214 A text is ‘negotiated’..right down to the last comma. As ever, not a single yod..of the law passes unobserved. 2. Phonetics. The semivowel represented by /j/ in the International Phonetic Alphabet; the symbol standing for this sound in phonetic transcription. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > vowel > [noun] > semi-vowel > specific yod1887 1887 Mod. Lang. Notes 2 232 Under the influence of the initial yod of iô, the article proper has disappeared, as in the popular qu'est-ce qu'i y a for ‘qu'est-ce qu'il y a’. 1934 M. K. Pope From Lat. to Mod. Fr. ii. i. 55 The voiced fricative sound j (jod), heard in bien bjẽ. 1971 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 17 19 Discussion is limited to two aspects of palatization in French: velars followed by front vowels, and clusters of single consonant plus yod. 1988 Phonology 5 172 In American usage it is a voiced unrounded palatal central approximant, which is represented by [j] (yod) in the IPA usage. 2004 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 11 Feb. 5/2 One declining mode of speech is the yod, in which suit is pronounced syuit and issue is pronounced issyou. Compounds yod-dropping n. Phonetics the loss or elision of the semivowel /j/ in the pronunciation of certain combinations of sounds in English, typically when following other consonants within the same syllable. ΚΠ 1982 J. C. Wells Accents of English I. ii. 163 The cure vowel is frequently preceded by a yod, /j/... GenAm reflects more widespread Yod Dropping than RP and most other British accents. 1999 J. C. Beal Eng. Pronunc. in Eighteenth Cent. v. 144 Yod-dropping is a sound change (or perhaps a set of sound changes) which is still diffusing in the twentieth century. 2009 A. Radford et al. Linguistics: Introd. (ed. 2) i. iv. 63 Another example is the loss of the glide [j] before [uː] in words such as tune, duke, new, enthusiasm, resume, solution etc., a change commonly known as yod-dropping. yod-coalescence n. Phonetics the palatalization of the sounds /dj/, /tj/, /sj/, and /zj/ into /dʒ/, /tʃ/, /ʃ/, and /ʒ/, in some varieties of English. ΚΠ 1982 J. C. Wells Accents of English II. v. 435 Yod Coalescence in stressed syllables is common in Dublin..; dew = due = Jew. 2010 S. Clarke Newfoundland & Labrador Eng. ii. 62 This is 'yod-coalescence', or the fusion of the stop and glide into the corresponding palatal affricates [ʧ] and [ʤ]. Thus tune may sound like 'choon' and dune, like 'June'. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1534
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