† yworthv.

Forms: 1. Present stem. a. Old English gewærþan (Mercian), early Old English gewerþan, Old English geweorðan, Old English geweorþan, Old English gewiorðan, Old English geworða (Northumbrian), Old English giworða (Northumbrian), Old English gewurðan, Old English gewurþan, Old English gewyrðan, Old English gewyrþan, late Old English gewirðan, early Middle English iwurde, early Middle English gewurðe, early Middle English ȝewurðe, early Middle English iwyrðe, early Middle English iwurðe, Middle English iwurþe, Middle English iworþe, Middle English yworþ, Middle English yworþe, Middle English yworþþe, Middle English ywourthe. b. 3rd singular indicative. early Old English gewirð, Old English geweorðæd (Mercian), Old English geweorðeð, Old English geweorðeþ, Old English geweorþeþ, Old English geweorþeð, Old English gewerþ (rare), Old English gewiorðeð, Old English gewoerdað (rare), Old English gewurð, Old English gewyrð, Old English gewyrþ, late Old English gewurðð, early Middle English ȝewurð. 2. Past tense. a. Originally 1st and 3rd singular indicative. Old English geuarð (Northumbrian), Old English gewærð (Northumbrian), Old English gewarð (chiefly Anglian), Old English gewearð, Old English gewearþ, Old English geweard (perhaps transmission error), Old English giwarð (Northumbrian), Old English gewerð (rare), late Old English gewærþ, early Middle English iverþ, early Middle English iwarþ, early Middle English iwearð, early Middle English iwearþ, early Middle English iwerd, Middle English ȝewearð, Middle English ȝewarð, Middle English iwarð, Middle English iwærð, Middle English iwerð, Middle English yworþ. b. Plural. Old English gewordun (perhaps transmission error), Old English gewurdon, Old English gewurdan, Old English gewurdun, Old English giwurdun (Northumbrian), Old English gewurðon, Middle English iwurðen. 3. Past participle. a. Strong.

α. early Old English gewarden, Old English geuorden (Northumbrian), Old English geweorden (rare), Old English gewoerden (Northumbrian), Old English gewordan, Old English geworden, Old English gewordon, Old English gewordyn, Old English giworden (Northumbrian), Old English giwordon (Northumbrian), Old English–early Middle English geworðen, late Old English geweordon, late Old English geworþan, late Old English geworþen (Kentish), early Middle English ȝeworden, early Middle English iworden, early Middle English iwordon, early Middle English iworþen, early Middle English iworðen, Middle English iworth, Middle English yworthe; N.E.D. (1928) also records a form Middle English iworthe.

β. Old English gewurden, late Old English gewurðen (Kentish), early Middle English iwurden, early Middle English iwurðe, early Middle English iwurðen, Middle English iwurþe, Middle English iwurþen.

b. Weak early Middle English iwereþit (perhaps transmission error).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon giwerthan , Old High German giwerdan (Middle High German gewerden ) < the Germanic base of y- prefix + the Germanic base of worth v.¹In Old English a strong verb of Class III. It is unclear whether Old English and Middle English prefixed forms of the past participle represent the prefixed or the unprefixed verb, i.e. worth v.¹ or yworth v., as formally they may belong to either. For this reason all Old English and Middle English prefixed past participle forms have been repeated in the Forms sections of both entries; in allocating illustrative quotations for senses, decisions have been made on the basis of the currency of less ambiguous forms for each sense. On the large semantic overlap between this verb and unprefixed worth v.¹, see discussion at that entry.

Obsolete.

a. intransitive. To happen, occur, come to pass; to come into being, to be made. Cf. worth v.¹ 1a(a).In quot. c1175² in the present tense, with reference to the future; cf. worth v.¹ 1a(b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)]

becomec888

i-tidec888

falleOE

ywortheOE

i-limp975

belimpOE

i-timeOE

worthOE

tidea1131

goa1200

arearc1275

syec1275

betide1297

fere1297

risea1350

to come aboutc1350

overcomea1382

passa1393

comea1400

to come in (also to, on, etc.) placea1400

eschew?a1400

chevec1400

shapec1400

hold1462

to come (also go) to pass1481

proceed?1518

occura1522

bechance1527

overpass1530

sorta1535

succeed1537

adventurec1540

to fall toc1540

success1545

to fall forth1569

fadge1573

beword?1577

to fall in1578

happen1580

event1590

arrive1600

offer1601

grow1614

fudge1615

incur1626

evene1654

obvene1654

to take place1770

transpire1775

to go on1873

to show up1879

materialize1885

break1914

cook1932

to go down1946

eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) v. x. 123 Eac on þæm geare gewurdon monega wu[n]dor on monegum londum.

OE West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) iii. 9 Hu magon þas þing þus geweorðan?

c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 139 He cwæð, Gewurðe liht, and þa wæs sone iworden liht.

c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 198 Iu ic wæs swylc þu nu eart, and gyt þu iwurðæst swulc ic nu eom.

a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily In Die Sancto Pentecosten (Lamb. 487) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 93 Ða iwearð [OE Royal wearð] þer muchel eie on godes folke.

c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 487 Ah nu iwurðe hit al þet ha habbe hire wil of streon.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11345 Ich mai sugge hu hit iwarð.

a1300 Passion our Lord l. 159 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 41 (MED) If ich hine schal drynke, iworþe þine wille.

c1350 Ayenbite (1866) App. 262 Y-worþe þi wil ase ine heuene and ine erþe.

b. intransitive. With indirect object (originally in the dative): to befall or happen to (a person). Cf. worth v.¹ 1b, 3e.In quot. OE¹ transitive (with object in the accusative) probably in sense ‘to turn out in a specified way for (a person)’, although the word has alternatively been interpreted as showing sense 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (transitive)]

ywortheOE

fallc1225

atrinec1275

to come upon ——a1300

astart1393

to run to ——c1475

to come by ——1523

mishap1592

to come on ——a1599

tryst1645

arrive1655

eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. vi. 94 Þiss gewearþ Punicum on þæm teoðan geare hiora gewinnes & Romana.

OE Judith 260 Næs ðeah eorla nan þe ðone wiggend aweccan dorste oððe gecunnian hu ðone cumbolwigan wið ða halgan mægð hæfde geworden, metodes meowlan.

OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xv. 28 Gewurþe þe ealswa þu wylle.

c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 663 Efter þi word..mote me iwurðen.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1118 Sel þe scal iwurðen [c1300 Otho Wel þe sal bi-tyde].

2. intransitive. With noun, adjective, or other complement: to become or come to be (what is specified by the complement); to turn into (something specified by the complement); = worth v.¹ 2a(a), 2b(a). Also preceded by to.In quot. OE⁴ as passive auxiliary; cf. note at worth v.¹ 2b. In quot. OE⁶ with complement in genitive or dative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > change [verb (intransitive)] > pass into state, become

yworthOE

worthOE

goOE

becomec1175

come?a1200

waxc1220

charea1225

aworthc1275

makea1300

fallc1300

breedc1325

grow1340

strikea1375

yern1377

entera1382

turna1400

smitec1400

raxa1500

resolvea1500

to get into ——?1510

waxen1540

get1558

prove1560

proceed1578

befall1592

drop1654

evade1677

emerge1699

to turn out1740

to gain into1756

permute1864

slip1864

OE Crist I 210 Saga ecne þonc mærum meotodes sunu þæt ic his modor gewearð.

OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) x. 210 Þonne bið sio gleng agoten..& þa lichaman gebrosnode & to duste gewordene [c1175 Bodl. 343 iwordon].

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 187 Þa ða he man gewearð, þa wæs he acenned of þam clænan mædene.

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) i. 182 He ne cwæð na, geweorðe man geworht.

OE West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) i. 14 Þæt word wæs flæsc geworden.

OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Laud) xxi. 18 Gim hys, for þam þe he gewyrð [OE Claud. wyrð] git micelre mægþe.

c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 24 Þa wearð he swiðe ȝeforht iworden.

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 62 Hit schal iwurðen ful liht.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9067 He wurðliche iwarð him to kinge.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1864 Cordoille com þat wourd þat heo was iworðen widewe [c1300 Otho þat ȝeo was widewe iworþe].

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 133 Hit iwerð þere..þat þeos ȝunge wiman iwerd [c1300 Otho iwarþ] hire mid childe.

?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 120 Beþench þat þou salt iworþe And forroti to axin and erþe.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2908 After euerech of hure strokes grute ys body al swart y-worþ.

a1450 ( G. Chaucer Bk. Duchess (Tanner 346) (1871) l. 579 I wrecch þat deþ haþ made al naked Of al þe blisse þat euer was maked I worþ [c1450 Fairf. 16 Y worthe] wirst of al wiȝtes.

c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) l. 665 (MED) Þei wolden y-worþen so grete To passen any mans miȝt.

3. intransitive. To go or come. Usually with adverb or prepositional phrase indicating direction. Cf. worth v.¹ 3d.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > arrival > arrive [verb (intransitive)]

to come toOE

comeOE

yworthOE

lend11..

lightc1225

overtakec1225

redea1275

wina1300

'rivec1300

repaira1325

applyc1384

to come ina1399

arrivec1400

attainc1400

alightc1405

to come to handc1450

unto-comec1450

apport1578

to get through1589

reach1591

to be along1597

land1679

engage1686

to get in1863

to breeze in1930

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > reaching a point or place > reach a point or place [verb (intransitive)] > arrive

comeOE

to come to townOE

yworthOE

lend11..

lightc1225

to come anovenonc1275

wina1300

'rivec1300

repaira1325

applyc1384

to come ina1399

rede?a1400

arrivec1400

attainc1400

alightc1405

to come to handc1450

unto-comec1450

apport1578

to be along1597

to drop in1609

to come ona1635

to walk in1656

land1679

engage1686

to come along1734

to get in1863

to turn up1870

to fall in1900

to lob1916

to roll up1920

to breeze in1930

to rock up1975

OE Restoration of Sandwich to Christ Church (Sawyer 1467) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 1148 Þa gewearð se abbod Ælfstan æt, mid micelan fultume, & let delfon æt Hyppeles fleote an mycel gedelf.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14750 Þer heo iwurðen to [c1300 Otho hii to him wende].

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4550 From-ward þeon londe of Ierusalem iwurðen heo beoð in Beðleem.

c1300 St. Brendan (Laud) l. 637 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 237 (MED) Mid me ich bad þat schip i-worþe; wel euene forth it wende.

c1390 (?c1350) St. Paula l. 136 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 6 (MED) Out of þe hous I me drouh, And whon þat I was out iworþe, I abod til heo com forþe.

4. intransitive. impersonal with indirect object (in early use in the dative): to please, to be agreeable to; to be agreed upon by. Usually with clause expressing what is pleasing or agreed upon. Originally (in Old English) transitive (impersonal) with the person agreeing or pleased in the accusative.In quot. c1175 with between instead of indirect object.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > quality of being pleasant or pleasurable > please or give pleasure to [verb (transitive)]

i-quemec893

ywortheOE

queemeOE

likeOE

paya1200

gamec1225

lustc1230

apaya1250

savoura1300

feastc1300

comfort1303

glew1303

pleasec1350

ticklec1386

feedc1400

agreea1413

agreec1425

emplessc1450

gree1468

applease1470

complaire1477

enjoy1485

warm1526

to claw the ears1549

content1552

pleasure1556

oblect?1567

relish1567

gratify1569

sweeta1575

promerit1582

tinkle1582

tastea1586

aggrate1590

gratulatea1592

greeta1592

grace1595

arride1600

complease1604

honey1604

agrade1611

oblectate1611

oblige1652

placentiate1694

flatter1695

to shine up to1882

fancy-

eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. vi. 95 Þa wæron Cartainiense swa ofercumene..; ac hie gewearð þæt hie wolden to Romanum friþes wilnian.

OE Andreas (1932) 307 Hu gewearð þe þæs, wine leofesta, ðæt ðu sæbeorgas secan woldes, merestreama gemet, maðmum bedæled, ofer cald cleofu ceoles neosan?

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxii. 358 Hwi gewearð inc swa þæt git dorston fandian godes?

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1103 Þæræfter ferde..Ansealm of Cantwarbyrig to Rome, swa swa him & þam cynge gewearð.

c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 30 Ða iwearð hit bitweonæn heom þet heo amæten tyn ælnæ of ðam treowe & þet of acurfæn.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14686 Þa ne mihtte heom iwurðe. wha þis lond scolde aȝen.

Phrases

to let (a person or thing) yworth: to allow (a person) to act freely or independently in a matter or situation; to leave or let (a person or thing) alone; to disregard, neglect, or ignore. Cf. to let (a person or thing) worth at worth v.¹ Phrases 1. Cf. let v.¹ 20.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > permit [verb (transitive)] > permit by non-intervention

let971

tholec1070

to let (a person or thing) worthlOE

to let (a person or thing) yworth?c1225

sufferc1290

seea1400

assuffera1530

tolerate1533

sustain1541

comport1620

to let something ride1908

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > abstain from interfering with

to let alonec897

leaveOE

to let bec1000

to let bec1175

to let (a person or thing) yworth?c1225

to let (something) standa1400

to let dwella1500

to leave to oneself (also itself)?1531

let1818

to let a thing bide1866

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 303 Marthe haueð hire mester Leoteð hire iwurðen.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1670 Lauerd beo þeu stille. let me al iwurþen.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 1535 He let þe king al iworþe & to rome aȝen drou.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 40 Þe ualse demeres, þet..zelleþ hare domes, oþer ham leteþ yworþe [?1488 Ryal Bk. or they leue to doo Iustyce; Fr. ou lessent a fere].

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 279 Bote we leteþ God i-worþe wiþ his owne privete.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. B.15.17) (1975) B. vi. l. 226 Lat god take þe vengeaunce; Theiȝ þei doon yuele lat [þow] god yworþe.

c1425 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Harl.:Wright) l. 4920 + 22 (MED) Seynt Iuste & seynt mellyt..lete þe luþer men yworþþe, vorte God yt wolde amende.

a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 217 The chylde wox,..but for no-thynge he hit myght lerne;..And ther-for they lettyn hym y-wourthe.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	yworth
释义	† yworthv. Forms: 1. Present stem. a. Old English gewærþan (Mercian), early Old English gewerþan, Old English geweorðan, Old English geweorþan, Old English gewiorðan, Old English geworða (Northumbrian), Old English giworða (Northumbrian), Old English gewurðan, Old English gewurþan, Old English gewyrðan, Old English gewyrþan, late Old English gewirðan, early Middle English iwurde, early Middle English gewurðe, early Middle English ȝewurðe, early Middle English iwyrðe, early Middle English iwurðe, Middle English iwurþe, Middle English iworþe, Middle English yworþ, Middle English yworþe, Middle English yworþþe, Middle English ywourthe. b. 3rd singular indicative. early Old English gewirð, Old English geweorðæd (Mercian), Old English geweorðeð, Old English geweorðeþ, Old English geweorþeþ, Old English geweorþeð, Old English gewerþ (rare), Old English gewiorðeð, Old English gewoerdað (rare), Old English gewurð, Old English gewyrð, Old English gewyrþ, late Old English gewurðð, early Middle English ȝewurð. 2. Past tense. a. Originally 1st and 3rd singular indicative. Old English geuarð (Northumbrian), Old English gewærð (Northumbrian), Old English gewarð (chiefly Anglian), Old English gewearð, Old English gewearþ, Old English geweard (perhaps transmission error), Old English giwarð (Northumbrian), Old English gewerð (rare), late Old English gewærþ, early Middle English iverþ, early Middle English iwarþ, early Middle English iwearð, early Middle English iwearþ, early Middle English iwerd, Middle English ȝewearð, Middle English ȝewarð, Middle English iwarð, Middle English iwærð, Middle English iwerð, Middle English yworþ. b. Plural. Old English gewordun (perhaps transmission error), Old English gewurdon, Old English gewurdan, Old English gewurdun, Old English giwurdun (Northumbrian), Old English gewurðon, Middle English iwurðen. 3. Past participle. a. Strong. α. early Old English gewarden, Old English geuorden (Northumbrian), Old English geweorden (rare), Old English gewoerden (Northumbrian), Old English gewordan, Old English geworden, Old English gewordon, Old English gewordyn, Old English giworden (Northumbrian), Old English giwordon (Northumbrian), Old English–early Middle English geworðen, late Old English geweordon, late Old English geworþan, late Old English geworþen (Kentish), early Middle English ȝeworden, early Middle English iworden, early Middle English iwordon, early Middle English iworþen, early Middle English iworðen, Middle English iworth, Middle English yworthe; N.E.D. (1928) also records a form Middle English iworthe. β. Old English gewurden, late Old English gewurðen (Kentish), early Middle English iwurden, early Middle English iwurðe, early Middle English iwurðen, Middle English iwurþe, Middle English iwurþen. b. Weak early Middle English iwereþit (perhaps transmission error). Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon giwerthan , Old High German giwerdan (Middle High German gewerden ) < the Germanic base of y- prefix + the Germanic base of worth v.¹In Old English a strong verb of Class III. It is unclear whether Old English and Middle English prefixed forms of the past participle represent the prefixed or the unprefixed verb, i.e. worth v.¹ or yworth v., as formally they may belong to either. For this reason all Old English and Middle English prefixed past participle forms have been repeated in the Forms sections of both entries; in allocating illustrative quotations for senses, decisions have been made on the basis of the currency of less ambiguous forms for each sense. On the large semantic overlap between this verb and unprefixed worth v.¹, see discussion at that entry. Obsolete. 1. a. intransitive. To happen, occur, come to pass; to come into being, to be made. Cf. worth v.¹ 1a(a).In quot. c1175² in the present tense, with reference to the future; cf. worth v.¹ 1a(b). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)] becomec888 i-tidec888 falleOE ywortheOE i-limp975 belimpOE i-timeOE worthOE tidea1131 goa1200 arearc1275 syec1275 betide1297 fere1297 risea1350 to come aboutc1350 overcomea1382 passa1393 comea1400 to come in (also to, on, etc.) placea1400 eschew?a1400 chevec1400 shapec1400 hold1462 to come (also go) to pass1481 proceed?1518 occura1522 bechance1527 overpass1530 sorta1535 succeed1537 adventurec1540 to fall toc1540 success1545 to fall forth1569 fadge1573 beword?1577 to fall in1578 happen1580 event1590 arrive1600 offer1601 grow1614 fudge1615 incur1626 evene1654 obvene1654 to take place1770 transpire1775 to go on1873 to show up1879 materialize1885 break1914 cook1932 to go down1946 eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) v. x. 123 Eac on þæm geare gewurdon monega wu[n]dor on monegum londum. OE West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) iii. 9 Hu magon þas þing þus geweorðan? c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 139 He cwæð, Gewurðe liht, and þa wæs sone iworden liht. c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 198 Iu ic wæs swylc þu nu eart, and gyt þu iwurðæst swulc ic nu eom. a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily In Die Sancto Pentecosten (Lamb. 487) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 93 Ða iwearð [OE Royal wearð] þer muchel eie on godes folke. c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 487 Ah nu iwurðe hit al þet ha habbe hire wil of streon. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11345 Ich mai sugge hu hit iwarð. a1300 Passion our Lord l. 159 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 41 (MED) If ich hine schal drynke, iworþe þine wille. c1350 Ayenbite (1866) App. 262 Y-worþe þi wil ase ine heuene and ine erþe. b. intransitive. With indirect object (originally in the dative): to befall or happen to (a person). Cf. worth v.¹ 1b, 3e.In quot. OE¹ transitive (with object in the accusative) probably in sense ‘to turn out in a specified way for (a person)’, although the word has alternatively been interpreted as showing sense 4. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (transitive)] ywortheOE fallc1225 atrinec1275 to come upon ——a1300 astart1393 to run to ——c1475 to come by ——1523 mishap1592 to come on ——a1599 tryst1645 arrive1655 eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. vi. 94 Þiss gewearþ Punicum on þæm teoðan geare hiora gewinnes & Romana. OE Judith 260 Næs ðeah eorla nan þe ðone wiggend aweccan dorste oððe gecunnian hu ðone cumbolwigan wið ða halgan mægð hæfde geworden, metodes meowlan. OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xv. 28 Gewurþe þe ealswa þu wylle. c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 663 Efter þi word..mote me iwurðen. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1118 Sel þe scal iwurðen [c1300 Otho Wel þe sal bi-tyde]. 2. intransitive. With noun, adjective, or other complement: to become or come to be (what is specified by the complement); to turn into (something specified by the complement); = worth v.¹ 2a(a), 2b(a). Also preceded by to.In quot. OE⁴ as passive auxiliary; cf. note at worth v.¹ 2b. In quot. OE⁶ with complement in genitive or dative. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change [verb (intransitive)] > pass into state, become yworthOE worthOE goOE becomec1175 come?a1200 waxc1220 charea1225 aworthc1275 makea1300 fallc1300 breedc1325 grow1340 strikea1375 yern1377 entera1382 turna1400 smitec1400 raxa1500 resolvea1500 to get into ——?1510 waxen1540 get1558 prove1560 proceed1578 befall1592 drop1654 evade1677 emerge1699 to turn out1740 to gain into1756 permute1864 slip1864 OE Crist I 210 Saga ecne þonc mærum meotodes sunu þæt ic his modor gewearð. OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) x. 210 Þonne bið sio gleng agoten..& þa lichaman gebrosnode & to duste gewordene [c1175 Bodl. 343 iwordon]. OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 187 Þa ða he man gewearð, þa wæs he acenned of þam clænan mædene. OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) i. 182 He ne cwæð na, geweorðe man geworht. OE West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) i. 14 Þæt word wæs flæsc geworden. OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Laud) xxi. 18 Gim hys, for þam þe he gewyrð [OE Claud. wyrð] git micelre mægþe. c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 24 Þa wearð he swiðe ȝeforht iworden. a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 62 Hit schal iwurðen ful liht. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9067 He wurðliche iwarð him to kinge. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1864 Cordoille com þat wourd þat heo was iworðen widewe [c1300 Otho þat ȝeo was widewe iworþe]. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 133 Hit iwerð þere..þat þeos ȝunge wiman iwerd [c1300 Otho iwarþ] hire mid childe. ?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 120 Beþench þat þou salt iworþe And forroti to axin and erþe. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2908 After euerech of hure strokes grute ys body al swart y-worþ. a1450 ( G. Chaucer Bk. Duchess (Tanner 346) (1871) l. 579 I wrecch þat deþ haþ made al naked Of al þe blisse þat euer was maked I worþ [c1450 Fairf. 16 Y worthe] wirst of al wiȝtes. c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) l. 665 (MED) Þei wolden y-worþen so grete To passen any mans miȝt. 3. intransitive. To go or come. Usually with adverb or prepositional phrase indicating direction. Cf. worth v.¹ 3d. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > arrival > arrive [verb (intransitive)] to come toOE comeOE yworthOE lend11.. lightc1225 overtakec1225 redea1275 wina1300 'rivec1300 repaira1325 applyc1384 to come ina1399 arrivec1400 attainc1400 alightc1405 to come to handc1450 unto-comec1450 apport1578 to get through1589 reach1591 to be along1597 land1679 engage1686 to get in1863 to breeze in1930 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > reaching a point or place > reach a point or place [verb (intransitive)] > arrive comeOE to come to townOE yworthOE lend11.. lightc1225 to come anovenonc1275 wina1300 'rivec1300 repaira1325 applyc1384 to come ina1399 rede?a1400 arrivec1400 attainc1400 alightc1405 to come to handc1450 unto-comec1450 apport1578 to be along1597 to drop in1609 to come ona1635 to walk in1656 land1679 engage1686 to come along1734 to get in1863 to turn up1870 to fall in1900 to lob1916 to roll up1920 to breeze in1930 to rock up1975 OE Restoration of Sandwich to Christ Church (Sawyer 1467) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 1148 Þa gewearð se abbod Ælfstan æt, mid micelan fultume, & let delfon æt Hyppeles fleote an mycel gedelf. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14750 Þer heo iwurðen to [c1300 Otho hii to him wende]. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4550 From-ward þeon londe of Ierusalem iwurðen heo beoð in Beðleem. c1300 St. Brendan (Laud) l. 637 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 237 (MED) Mid me ich bad þat schip i-worþe; wel euene forth it wende. c1390 (?c1350) St. Paula l. 136 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 6 (MED) Out of þe hous I me drouh, And whon þat I was out iworþe, I abod til heo com forþe. 4. intransitive. impersonal with indirect object (in early use in the dative): to please, to be agreeable to; to be agreed upon by. Usually with clause expressing what is pleasing or agreed upon. Originally (in Old English) transitive (impersonal) with the person agreeing or pleased in the accusative.In quot. c1175 with between instead of indirect object. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > quality of being pleasant or pleasurable > please or give pleasure to [verb (transitive)] i-quemec893 ywortheOE queemeOE likeOE likeOE paya1200 gamec1225 lustc1230 apaya1250 savoura1300 feastc1300 comfort1303 glew1303 pleasec1350 ticklec1386 feedc1400 agreea1413 agreec1425 emplessc1450 gree1468 applease1470 complaire1477 enjoy1485 warm1526 to claw the ears1549 content1552 pleasure1556 oblect?1567 relish1567 gratify1569 sweeta1575 promerit1582 tinkle1582 tastea1586 aggrate1590 gratulatea1592 greeta1592 grace1595 arride1600 complease1604 honey1604 agrade1611 oblectate1611 oblige1652 placentiate1694 flatter1695 to shine up to1882 fancy- eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. vi. 95 Þa wæron Cartainiense swa ofercumene..; ac hie gewearð þæt hie wolden to Romanum friþes wilnian. OE Andreas (1932) 307 Hu gewearð þe þæs, wine leofesta, ðæt ðu sæbeorgas secan woldes, merestreama gemet, maðmum bedæled, ofer cald cleofu ceoles neosan? OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxii. 358 Hwi gewearð inc swa þæt git dorston fandian godes? lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1103 Þæræfter ferde..Ansealm of Cantwarbyrig to Rome, swa swa him & þam cynge gewearð. c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 30 Ða iwearð hit bitweonæn heom þet heo amæten tyn ælnæ of ðam treowe & þet of acurfæn. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14686 Þa ne mihtte heom iwurðe. wha þis lond scolde aȝen. Phrases to let (a person or thing) yworth: to allow (a person) to act freely or independently in a matter or situation; to leave or let (a person or thing) alone; to disregard, neglect, or ignore. Cf. to let (a person or thing) worth at worth v.¹ Phrases 1. Cf. let v.¹ 20. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > permit [verb (transitive)] > permit by non-intervention let971 tholec1070 to let (a person or thing) worthlOE to let (a person or thing) yworth?c1225 sufferc1290 seea1400 assuffera1530 tolerate1533 sustain1541 comport1620 to let something ride1908 the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > abstain from interfering with to let alonec897 leaveOE to let bec1000 to let bec1175 to let (a person or thing) yworth?c1225 to let (something) standa1400 to let dwella1500 to leave to oneself (also itself)?1531 let1818 to let a thing bide1866 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 303 Marthe haueð hire mester Leoteð hire iwurðen. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1670 Lauerd beo þeu stille. let me al iwurþen. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 1535 He let þe king al iworþe & to rome aȝen drou. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 40 Þe ualse demeres, þet..zelleþ hare domes, oþer ham leteþ yworþe [?1488 Ryal Bk. or they leue to doo Iustyce; Fr. ou lessent a fere]. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 279 Bote we leteþ God i-worþe wiþ his owne privete. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. B.15.17) (1975) B. vi. l. 226 Lat god take þe vengeaunce; Theiȝ þei doon yuele lat [þow] god yworþe. c1425 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Harl.:Wright) l. 4920 + 22 (MED) Seynt Iuste & seynt mellyt..lete þe luþer men yworþþe, vorte God yt wolde amende. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 217 The chylde wox,..but for no-thynge he hit myght lerne;..And ther-for they lettyn hym y-wourthe. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < v.eOE
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