zumbin.

Brit.

/ˈzuːmbi/,

/zuːmˈbiː/, U.S.

/ˈzumbi/,

/zumˈbi/, Caribbean English /ˈzuːmbi/, /zuːmˈbiː/, West African English /ˈzumbi/, /zumˈbi/

Forms: 1700s– zumbi, 1900s– zumbie.

Origin: A borrowing from Kimbundu. Etymon: Kimbundu nzumbi.

Etymology: < Kimbundu nzumbi (see zombie n.); in quot 1704 via Italian. Compare (also < Kimbundu) Brazilian Portuguese zumbi ghost or spirit of a dead person (1681).Apparently not fully naturalized in English. In the occasional later uses in the Caribbean probably perceived as a variant of either zombie n. or jumbie n., which both ultimately go back to the same Kimbundu word.

Chiefly in West and South-west African (esp. Angolan) contexts: the ghost or spirit of a dead person, esp. a malevolent one. Occasionally also Caribbean in later use; cf. zombie n. 1, jumbie n., duppy n.In quot. 2021 in historical context.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > ghost or phantom > [noun]

soulOE

huea1000

ghostOE

fantasyc1325

spiritc1350

phantomc1384

phantasmc1430

haunterc1440

shadowa1464

appearance1488

wraith1513

hag1538

spoorn1584

vizarda1591

life-in-death1593

phantasma1598

umbra1601

larve1603

spectre1605

spectrum1611

apparitiona1616

shadea1616

shapea1616

showa1616

idolum1619

larva1651

white hat?1693

zumbi1704

jumbie1764

duppy1774

waff1777

zombie1788

Wild Huntsman1796

spook1801

ghostie1810

hantua1811

preta1811

bodach1814

revenant1823

death-fetch1826

sowlth1829

haunt1843

night-bat1847

spectrality1850

thivish1852

beastie1867

ghost soul1869

barrow-wight1891

resurrect1892

waft1897

churel1901

comeback1908

1704 tr. G. Merolla Voy. Congo ii, in A. Churchill & J. Churchill Coll. Voy. I. 741/2 They prevent the Soul of the dead Person from coming to give the Zumbi [It. li Zumbi] to any of the future Inhabitants.

1876 R. F. Burton Two Trips Gorilla Land II. 124 There was no danger of the Zumbi, or ghost.

1882 A. Elwes tr. H. C. de B. Capello & R. Ivens From Benguella to Yacca I. 26 A libation..to the zumbi or n'zumbi of the other world, by and with whom they always deem themselves surrounded and connected.

1962 H. Norris Jamaica ii. 16 Evil spirits, bugubugumen, zumbies, populate the Jamaican countryside.

2021 K. Kananoja Healing Knowl. in Atlantic Afr. i. 41 The patients duly offered a banquet to appease the zumbi.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	zumbi
释义	zumbin. Brit. /ˈzuːmbi/, /zuːmˈbiː/, U.S. /ˈzumbi/, /zumˈbi/, Caribbean English /ˈzuːmbi/, /zuːmˈbiː/, West African English /ˈzumbi/, /zumˈbi/ Forms: 1700s– zumbi, 1900s– zumbie. Origin: A borrowing from Kimbundu. Etymon: Kimbundu nzumbi. Etymology: < Kimbundu nzumbi (see zombie n.); in quot 1704 via Italian. Compare (also < Kimbundu) Brazilian Portuguese zumbi ghost or spirit of a dead person (1681).Apparently not fully naturalized in English. In the occasional later uses in the Caribbean probably perceived as a variant of either zombie n. or jumbie n., which both ultimately go back to the same Kimbundu word. Chiefly in West and South-west African (esp. Angolan) contexts: the ghost or spirit of a dead person, esp. a malevolent one. Occasionally also Caribbean in later use; cf. zombie n. 1, jumbie n., duppy n.In quot. 2021 in historical context. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > ghost or phantom > [noun] soulOE huea1000 ghostOE fantasyc1325 spiritc1350 phantomc1384 phantasmc1430 haunterc1440 shadowa1464 appearance1488 wraith1513 hag1538 spoorn1584 vizarda1591 life-in-death1593 phantasma1598 umbra1601 larve1603 spectre1605 spectrum1611 apparitiona1616 shadea1616 shapea1616 showa1616 idolum1619 larva1651 white hat?1693 zumbi1704 jumbie1764 duppy1774 waff1777 zombie1788 Wild Huntsman1796 spook1801 ghostie1810 hantua1811 preta1811 bodach1814 revenant1823 death-fetch1826 sowlth1829 haunt1843 night-bat1847 spectrality1850 thivish1852 beastie1867 ghost soul1869 barrow-wight1891 resurrect1892 waft1897 churel1901 comeback1908 1704 tr. G. Merolla Voy. Congo ii, in A. Churchill & J. Churchill Coll. Voy. I. 741/2 They prevent the Soul of the dead Person from coming to give the Zumbi [It. li Zumbi] to any of the future Inhabitants. 1876 R. F. Burton Two Trips Gorilla Land II. 124 There was no danger of the Zumbi, or ghost. 1882 A. Elwes tr. H. C. de B. Capello & R. Ivens From Benguella to Yacca I. 26 A libation..to the zumbi or n'zumbi of the other world, by and with whom they always deem themselves surrounded and connected. 1962 H. Norris Jamaica ii. 16 Evil spirits, bugubugumen, zumbies, populate the Jamaican countryside. 2021 K. Kananoja Healing Knowl. in Atlantic Afr. i. 41 The patients duly offered a banquet to appease the zumbi. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1704
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