zeugman.

Brit.

/ˈz(j)uːɡmə/, U.S.

/ˈzuɡmə/

Inflections: Plural zeugmata, zeugmas.

Forms: late Middle English zeuma, 1500s– zeugma.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin zeugma, zeuma.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin zeugma (2nd or 3rd cent.), zeuma (from 13th cent. in British sources) < ancient Greek ζεῦγμα something used for joining, bond, in Hellenistic Greek also use of the same predicate with two or more subjects < ζευγνύναι to yoke (related to ζυγόν yoke n.) + -μα (see -oma comb. form).Compare French zeugma (1754), zeugme (1765; 1380 in Middle French as zeume)), Spanish zeuma (1490), Portuguese zeugma (1540 as zeuma), Italian zeugma (a1565; a1406 as zeuma). For earlier use of the Latin word in an English context compare:OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) iii. iii. 164 Þæt oðer hiw ys geciged zeuma, þæt ys gefeig [= a joining] on Englisc. Þis gefeg ys swyðe gelome on halgum gewritum.

Grammar and Rhetoric.

A rhetorical figure in which a word or phrase is made to apply, in different senses, to two (or more) others, or (formerly) when it agrees grammatically with only one. Cf. syllepsis n. 1.A well-known example of zeugma is found in the following:

1712 A. Pope Rape of Locke i, in Misc. Poems 359 Here Thou, great Anna! whom three Realms obey, Dost sometimes Counsel take—and sometimes Tea.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [noun] > a single word performing dual function

zeugmac1450

syllepsis1577

substitution1700

c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 181 Zeuma is a joynyng togedyr of twey nominatyf cases in reward of a verbe so that the verbe acorde wyth that on nominatyf case and nouȝt wyth that othyr, as Ego lego et tu.

1555 R. Sherry Treat. Figures Gram. & Rhetorike f. xvij. Zeugma is varyed also by the place, where that common woorde is putte.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xii. 136 But if it be to mo clauses then one, that some such word be supplied to perfit the congruitie or sence of them all, it is by the figure (Zeugma) we call him the (single supplie)..: as to say. Fellowes and friends and kinne forsooke me quite.

1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. N1^v, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) Zeugma, when one or more clauses are concluded vnder one verbe, as to say: His loosenes ouercame all shame, his boldnes feare, his madnes reason.

1656 J. Smith Myst. Rhetorique Unvail'd 181 By this figure Zeugma, a verb is sometimes reduced to two Nominative cases, and agrees with both, and then it is called a Zeugma of locution, not of construction.

1683 J. Twells Gram. Reformata 42 Sometimes a Syllepsis meets in Conjunction with a Zeugma.

1738 J. Holmes Art Rhetoric I. 62 Puzzling Grammarians call Zeugma..if the Common Word stands first, Protozeugma, as, Sunt nobis mitia poma.

1746 T. Nugent tr. C. Lancelot et al. New Method of learning Greek Tongue II. vii. vii. 201 The Zeugma, which is a kind of Ellipsis, wherein a word is understood that has been already mentioned in the sentence, may be seen in the following Examples.

1848 G. Rorison Contributions towards Harmony Holy Gospels 226 I assume the influence..to have been such as will at once explain the repetition of a zeugma.

1888 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 9 340 Zeugmata and other modes of pregnant expression are practically unknown to his style.

1904 Black & Red May 58 One must be very circumspect in making zeugmas of that kind.

1978 W. F. Buckley Stained Glass iii. 30 You ‘committed’, as you put it, a zeugma—or more properly, a syllepsis.

2015 Sunday Times (Nexis) 8 Feb. (Features section) 7 There's the use of zeugma in the second, where the verb ‘stink’ governs both the ‘bolt oil and burned powder’ and ‘the things it says’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	zeugma
释义	zeugman. Brit. /ˈz(j)uːɡmə/, U.S. /ˈzuɡmə/ Inflections: Plural zeugmata, zeugmas. Forms: late Middle English zeuma, 1500s– zeugma. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin zeugma, zeuma. Etymology: < post-classical Latin zeugma (2nd or 3rd cent.), zeuma (from 13th cent. in British sources) < ancient Greek ζεῦγμα something used for joining, bond, in Hellenistic Greek also use of the same predicate with two or more subjects < ζευγνύναι to yoke (related to ζυγόν yoke n.) + -μα (see -oma comb. form).Compare French zeugma (1754), zeugme (1765; 1380 in Middle French as zeume)), Spanish zeuma (1490), Portuguese zeugma (1540 as zeuma), Italian zeugma (a1565; a1406 as zeuma). For earlier use of the Latin word in an English context compare:OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) iii. iii. 164 Þæt oðer hiw ys geciged zeuma, þæt ys gefeig [= a joining] on Englisc. Þis gefeg ys swyðe gelome on halgum gewritum. Grammar and Rhetoric. A rhetorical figure in which a word or phrase is made to apply, in different senses, to two (or more) others, or (formerly) when it agrees grammatically with only one. Cf. syllepsis n. 1.A well-known example of zeugma is found in the following: 1712 A. Pope Rape of Locke i, in Misc. Poems 359 Here Thou, great Anna! whom three Realms obey, Dost sometimes Counsel take—and sometimes Tea. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [noun] > a single word performing dual function zeugmac1450 syllepsis1577 substitution1700 c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 181 Zeuma is a joynyng togedyr of twey nominatyf cases in reward of a verbe so that the verbe acorde wyth that on nominatyf case and nouȝt wyth that othyr, as Ego lego et tu. 1555 R. Sherry Treat. Figures Gram. & Rhetorike f. xvij. Zeugma is varyed also by the place, where that common woorde is putte. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xii. 136 But if it be to mo clauses then one, that some such word be supplied to perfit the congruitie or sence of them all, it is by the figure (Zeugma) we call him the (single supplie)..: as to say. Fellowes and friends and kinne forsooke me quite. 1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. N1^v, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) Zeugma, when one or more clauses are concluded vnder one verbe, as to say: His loosenes ouercame all shame, his boldnes feare, his madnes reason. 1656 J. Smith Myst. Rhetorique Unvail'd 181 By this figure Zeugma, a verb is sometimes reduced to two Nominative cases, and agrees with both, and then it is called a Zeugma of locution, not of construction. 1683 J. Twells Gram. Reformata 42 Sometimes a Syllepsis meets in Conjunction with a Zeugma. 1738 J. Holmes Art Rhetoric I. 62 Puzzling Grammarians call Zeugma..if the Common Word stands first, Protozeugma, as, Sunt nobis mitia poma. 1746 T. Nugent tr. C. Lancelot et al. New Method of learning Greek Tongue II. vii. vii. 201 The Zeugma, which is a kind of Ellipsis, wherein a word is understood that has been already mentioned in the sentence, may be seen in the following Examples. 1848 G. Rorison Contributions towards Harmony Holy Gospels 226 I assume the influence..to have been such as will at once explain the repetition of a zeugma. 1888 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 9 340 Zeugmata and other modes of pregnant expression are practically unknown to his style. 1904 Black & Red May 58 One must be very circumspect in making zeugmas of that kind. 1978 W. F. Buckley Stained Glass iii. 30 You ‘committed’, as you put it, a zeugma—or more properly, a syllepsis. 2015 Sunday Times (Nexis) 8 Feb. (Features section) 7 There's the use of zeugma in the second, where the verb ‘stink’ governs both the ‘bolt oil and burned powder’ and ‘the things it says’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1450
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