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单词 yesterday
释义

yesterdayadv.n.adj.

Brit. /ˈjɛstədeɪ/, /ˈjɛstədi/, U.S. /ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ/, /ˈjɛstərdi/
Forms:

α. early Old English gierstandæg, Old English gyrstandæg, Old English gyrstrandæge (dative, probably transmission error), Old English gyrstandæig, Old English gyrstondæg, Old English gyrstondæig, Old English gyrsandæg, Old English girstandæg, Old English girstondæg, Old English girsandæg, Old English georstandæg, Old English georstondæg, Old English georstendæg, Old English giorstandæg, Old English gerstandæg, late Old English girstendæg, early Middle English gystendaig (perhaps transmission error), early Middle English gyrtendaig (perhaps transmission error), early Middle English ȝurstendai, early Middle English ȝurstondai, early Middle English ȝurtendai (perhaps transmission error), early Middle English gyrstændæȝ, early Middle English gyrstendæȝ, early Middle English ȝerstendæi, early Middle English ȝorstendai, early Middle English ȝorstnendai, early Middle English ȝurstendæi, Middle English ȝerstynday, Middle English ȝurstonday, Middle English yerstenday.

β. Old English geostrandæg, Middle English ȝesternday.

γ. Old English gestordæg (Northumbrian), Old English giosterdoeg (Northumbrian), early Middle English gisterdai, Middle English ȝesterday, Middle English ȝestyrday, Middle English ȝisterdai, Middle English ȝisterday, Middle English ȝistirday, Middle English ȝistireday, Middle English ȝisturday, Middle English ȝistyrday, Middle English ȝusterday, Middle English ȝustirday, Middle English ȝvsterday, Middle English ȝysterday, Middle English ȝysturday, Middle English yestirday, Middle English yhisterday, Middle English yhistredai, Middle English yistirday, Middle English yistyrday, Middle English yusterday, Middle English–1500s yesturday, Middle English–1600s yesterdaye, Middle English–1600s 1900s (Irish English (northern))– yisterday, Middle English– yesterday, 1500s hesterday, 1500s histerday, 1500s ystedaye, 1500s–1600s yesterdaie, 1600s isterday, 1600s yeasterday, 1600s yesterdy, 1600s yistarday, 1800s yisserday (English regional (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 ȝeisterday, pre-1700 ȝesterday, pre-1700 ȝhisterday, pre-1700 ȝhistyrday, pre-1700 ȝhysterday, pre-1700 ȝhystirday, pre-1700 ȝisterday, pre-1700 ȝisterday, pre-1700 ȝistirday, pre-1700 ȝistyrday, pre-1700 ȝystirday, pre-1700 ȝystyrday, pre-1700 ȝystyreday, pre-1700 yeisterd (abbreviated form), pre-1700 yeisterday, pre-1700 yhystyrday, pre-1700 yistirday, pre-1700 1700s– yesterday, pre-1700 1700s– yisterday, 1800s– yisterd'y, 1800s– yisterdy, 1900s yesturday; U.S. regional 1800s 'isterday (in African-American usage), 1800s yeasstieddy (North Carolina), 1800s– 'istiddy (southern and in African-American usage), 1800s– yistiddy (chiefly southern and in African-American usage), 1900s yestiddy, 1900s yisteday, 1900s yisterday, 1900s– yesturday.

δ. early Middle English ȝursterday, Middle English yerstyrday.

ε. early Middle English ȝurstai, early Middle English ȝurstay, Middle English ȝistai, Middle English ȝistay, Middle English ȝursday, Middle English instay (transmission error), Middle English yeseday, Middle English yurstay, 1600s yesday, 1600s 1800s– yestday (regional and nonstandard), 1700s yerste (Irish English (Wexford)), 1700s yerstei (Irish English (Wexford)), 1700s yestei (Irish English (Wexford)), 1800s yersthe (Irish English (Wexford)), 1800s– yest'day (regional and nonstandard), 1800s– yist'day (regional and nonstandard), 1800s– yistday (regional and nonstandard).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Gothic gistradagis tomorrow < the Germanic base of Old English giestran , gierstan (see note) + the Germanic base of day n. Compare yesternight adv. and yestern eve adv. Compare also today adv. Origin of the first element. The first element (see discussion of Old English simplex uses below) is cognate with Old Frisian jestera , jester (West Frisian juster , East Frisian jursten ), Middle Low German gisterne , Middle Dutch ghisteren , ghister (Dutch gisteren , gister ), Old High German gestere , gesterēn , gesteron (Middle High German gester , gesteren , German gestern , †gester ), all in the sense ‘yesterday’, Gothic gistra- (in gistradagis tomorrow: see further below) < the same Indo-European base as hester- in classical Latin hesternus of yesterday (compare hestern adj.). This base shows a suffixed form (perhaps comparative, with the suffix discussed at other adj., or locative, with the suffix discussed at there adv.) of the Indo-European base of Sanskrit hyas , Persian dīg , ancient Greek χθές , Albanian dje , classical Latin heri , all in the sense ‘yesterday’, Early Irish -dé (in in-dé yesterday), Welsh doe yesterday, and also (with different vowel length) Old Icelandic gær (in í gær yesterday, (also rare) tomorrow), Old Swedish gar (in i gar yesterday, Swedish i går ). This base in turn reflects either (i) a suffixed form (probably comparative: see -er suffix3) of the zero-grade of the Indo-European base of day n., or perhaps (ii) a prefixed form of an Indo-European base related to that of classical Latin diēs day (see diurnal adj.). The origin of the stem-final n in some of the West Germanic words (compare the α. and β. forms of the English compound) is uncertain, but seems to be associated with their primarily adverbial use. It may show the reflex of adverbially used case endings or the influence of temporal adverbs < the Germanic base of morn n. It appears not to be directly comparable to the adjectival suffix in classical Latin hesternus . Semantic note. Occasional uses of some of the Germanic cognates to refer to the following (rather than the preceding) day may suggest that the word could originally be used for either day adjacent to the present day; compare also Old High German ēgestere day before yesterday, day after tomorrow. However, these examples may alternatively show independent parallel semantic developments; compare similar developments in unrelated words in various languages, e.g. classical Latin perendiē on the day after tomorrow (see perendinate v.), in post-classical Latin also sometimes ‘on the day before yesterday’ (12th cent. in a British source) and Hindi kal yesterday, tomorrow. Compare the following isolated example showing the English word apparently in the sense ‘tomorrow’ (although the whole passage is set in the writer's past):1533 T. More Apologye 201 I geue them all playn peremptory warnynge now, that they dreue yt of no lenger. For yf they tarye tyll yesterday..I purpose to purchace suche a proteccyon for them [etc.].An isolated translation ȝisterday for classical Latin crās ‘tomorrow’ in a 17th-cent. Older Scots text may be erroneous. Attestation of the first element in Old English. In Old English, giestran , gierstan (late West Saxon gystran , gyrstan ) is chiefly attested as the first element in compounds. Very occasionally, it appears to be attested as a simplex adverb (perhaps also used as an adjective):eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) lxxxix. 4 Mille anni ante oculos tuos sicut dies hesterna : ðusend gera biforan egum ðinum swe swe deg geostran [eOE Royal Psalter dæg gerstra, OE Cambridge Psalter dæg gyrstan, OE Lambeth Psalter gysternlic dæg, OE Paris Psalter geostrandæg].OE Riddle 40 44 Ic giestron wæs geong acenned.lOE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Faust. A.ix) (Dict. Old Eng. transcript) (1997) viii. 245 Gyrstan [OE Royal gyrstondæig; L. heri] ofer middæg hine forlet se fefer.Of these examples only quot. OE is likely to indicate wider currency, perhaps showing preservation of earlier usage in verse (compare also gystran niht : see quot. OE at yesternight adv. and discussion at that entry). In the interlinear glosses of Psalm 89:4 (see quot. eOE), deg geostran (and variants), lit. ‘day yester-’, reflects the glossator's attempt to render dies hesterna while preserving the element order of the post-classical Latin phrase with its postposed adjective (compare the divergent treatments in the Lambeth Psalter and the Paris Psalter); the form gerstra in the Royal Psalter, if not simply a scribal error, perhaps shows the nominative singular masculine case ending of a weak adjective. Quot. lOE probably shows a scribal error (compare the reading of MS Royal, which is mirrored in all other extant manuscripts). There appears to be no continuity with later yestern adv. or yester adv., yester adj. Variant forms. In early use (up to the 16th cent.) also sometimes written as two words, although in Old English and Middle English texts word division frequently reflects editorial choices of modern editors, rather than the practice of the manuscripts. In Old English in adverbial use with unmarked dative singular of day n. (compare discussion at that entry); forms such as gierstandæge with regular dative singular ending of the noun are occasionally attested; compare today adv. The α. forms show metathesis of r and st in the first element. This is the most common type in Old English, but otherwise (outside English) only paralleled in East Frisian. The β. forms and the γ. forms (which predominate from the Middle English period onwards) correspond more closely to the two main attested form-types of Germanic parallels of the first element (respectively, with and without final n ). While the β. forms are rare for yesterday adv., comparable forms are attested for reflexes of giestran elsewhere; compare ȝister neue at yestern eve adv. β. forms and perhaps yesten euen at yestern eve adv. α. forms. The δ. forms are apparently alterations of either the α. forms or the γ. forms, with assimilation. Perhaps compare Old English gyrstrandæge at α. forms and comparable forms of giestran , but these are usually regarded as transmission errors. The contracted ε. forms do not have a single origin.
A. adv.
1.
a. On the day immediately preceding today. Also: on the day before.With quot. 1535 at γ. see ere-yesterday n. at ere prep. 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > yesterday > [adverb]
yesterdayOE
lasta1400
this hinder day1487
yesternight1546
yester1647
yestern?1745
α.
OE Seven Sleepers (Julius) (1994) 46 Bige us swa ðeah rumlicor todæg be hlafe þonne ðu gebohtest gyrstandæg.
OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) xxxi. 5 Ic geseo on eowres fæder ðeawum þæt he nys swa wel wið me geworht swa he wæs gyrsandæg & þis æran dæg.
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 20 Gyrstændæȝ he wurpte, swa ofer midne dæg, þæt hine forlet þeo fefor.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8516 Ȝurstendæi [c1300 Otho ȝorstendai] ær none ich wuste þat ȝe comen.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. xix. 4 He þat smyteþ his neiȝbor vnwytynge & þat ȝerstynday or þe þridde day hennys [L. heri et nudiustertius] noon aȝeyns hym to haue had haate is preuyd..þis to oon of þe foreseide citees shal flee & lyue.
?1455 Duke of York et al. in Paston Lett. & Papers (2005) III. 153 Yerstenday we wrote our lettres of our entent to..the Archebysshop of Caunterburye.
γ. OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: John iv. 52 Heri hora septima reliquit eum febris : giosterdoeg ðio seofunda forleort hine þæt feberadł [OE Rushw. Gospels gestordæge, OE West Saxon Gospels: Corpus Cambr. gyrstandæg, c1200 Hatton gystendaig].a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2732 We witen wel quat is bi-tid, Quuow gister-dai was slagen and hid.c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 330 Þou toldest me ȝusterday.a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) ii. l. 191 Yesterday who-so hadde with hym ben, He myght haue wondred vp on Troylus.c1450 (?c1300) Northern Passion (BL Add.) 160 Ȝistirday were þay redis thre Now are thay closed in to a tre.1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 124 Wnfayr thingis may fall, perfay, Als weill to-morn as ȝhisterday.1535 Bible (Coverdale) Gen. xxxi. A Iacob behelde Labans countenaunce, & beholde, it was not towarde him as yesterdaye and yeryesterdaye.1586 G. Whitney Choice of Emblemes Ep. Ded. sig. ** For hereby, this present time behouldeth the accidentes of former times, as if they had bin done but yesterdaie.a1600 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 76 Mr George ansuerit and said,..wald they send to him the honest and godlie man that maid the sermone ȝeisterday, he wald oppin his mynd into him.a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. ii. 119 But yesterday, the word of Cæsar might Haue stood against the World: Now lies he there, And none so poore to do him reuerence. View more context for this quotation1675 Ld. Conway in C. E. Pike Essex Papers (1913) II. (Camden 1013) 11 The Debate there was yesterday and to day in the House of Commons.1707 J. Freind Acct. Earl of Peterborow's Conduct in Spain 251 Yesterday they cut away the Water of a Mill in this Town.1799 J. Austen Let. 17 May (1995) 39 Our journey yesterday went off exceedingly well; nothing occurred to alarm or delay us.1842 Ld. Tennyson Gardener's Daughter in Poems (new ed.) II. 23 As though 'twere yesterday, as though it were The hour just flown.1849 M. Arnold Forsaken Merman 30 Children dear, was it yesterday We heard the sweet bells over the bay?1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxvii. 212 All evidence of the deep track which they had formed yesterday having been swept away.1902 Daily Chron. 4 Mar. 5/2 Southerly winds were blowing in all parts of the British Isles yesterday, reaching gale force on the west coast of Ireland.1946 S. Gilbert tr. A. Camus Outsider i. i. 9 Mother died to-day. Or maybe yesterday; I can't be sure.1971 Abilene (Texas) Reporter-News 8 Oct. 1/4 Yesterday I saw..girls in the halls in P.E. shorts.2013 Daily Tel. 14 Nov. 6/2 A sharp rise in the number of jobs that require a degree..has led to ‘qualification inflation’, Vince Cable said yesterday.δ. c1300 St. Dominic (Laud) l. 198 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 283 Þes frere cam ȝursterday to toune.c1480 Medulla Gram. (Pepys) in Middle Eng. Dict. at Yester-day [Heri] yerstyrday [a1425 Stonyhurst ȝusterday].ε. c1300 St. Dominic (Laud) l. 203 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 283 I dronk ȝurstai in toune..And Ine blessede nouȝt mi drinke.a1500 ( in C. Monro Lett. Margaret of Anjou (1863) 77 (MED) He brought youe yeseday unto Langley to mete. 1789 C. Vallancey Vocab. Lang. Forth & Bargie in Trans. Royal Irish Acad. 1788 2 Antiquities 34 Yerstei, yesterday.1863 J. Barber Let. 4 June in War Lett. Disbanded Volunteer (1864) 291 Yestday thar was a report in town that Ginral Pemberton was hung.1887 Ripley (Osgood, Indiana) Jrnl. 30 June Skuze me, sah, but dar's er few p'ints dat I furgot to ax yer yist'day.1903 Dialect Notes 2 239 I made sure you was comin yestday.1953 Evening Telegram (Rocky Mount, N. Carolina) 10 Oct. 5/2 I red [sic] a piece in the paper about how this guy went to bat yestday but I don't see no name in the box.1966 S. Stevens Go Down Dead 34 It dont look good if we dont get them for yestday it look like we scared.2013 B. McMaster My Lady Quicksilver ii. 44 The Coldrush Guards arrested the London Standard editor yest'day, sir.
b. With a specified period of time: as reckoned from yesterday.Sometimes (esp. in early use) preceding the period of time, as yesterday week, yesterday fortnight, etc.; later chiefly following it, as a week yesterday, three weeks yesterday, etc.
(a) With reference to a past event or an ongoing situation.
ΚΠ
1746 Proc. King's Comm. Peace (City of London & County of Middlesex) No. 1. 32/2 I have known the Prisoner for three Weeks Yesterday.
1759 Genuine Narr. Trial & Condemnation M. Edmondson 9/2 They are the same four Men, who yesterday Fortnight at Night, broke into the Wash-house.
1788 P. Gibbes Niece II. xii. 54 It is only one fortnight yesterday since she first beheld Mr. Forbes.
1803 J. Morse Let. 3 Feb. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 130 Yesterday week Mrs. Morse presented me with a fine daughter.
1883 Missionary Herald (Baptist Missionary Soc.) 1 Oct. 349 Only a week yesterday we put his earthly remains in the grave.
1922 U.S. Naval Med. Bull. 17 456 Two weeks yesterday I attended a meeting at Scott's pond.
1992 N.Y. Times 14 Sept. c3/1 He pitched a six-hit shutout to close the season for Class AAA Omaha a week ago yesterday.
2017 West Austral. (Perth) (Nexis) 4 Nov. 88 It was 55 years yesterday since he rode his first winner aboard Sparkling Gem at Ascot in 1962.
(b) British. With reference to a future event. Somewhat rare.
ΚΠ
1810 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 27 Oct. 746 There being no other business before the Court, they adjourned to yesterday fortnight, when the dividends become due.
1877 Lancaster Gaz. 3 Feb. The programme for yesterday week will cut down the number of spectators inside to some 300.
2008 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 13 Nov. (Sport section) 63 Attention for the two nations now turns to the two-Test series, the first of which begins a week yesterday in Bloemfontein.
2. In extended use: in the past, esp. the recent past; a short time ago; only lately. Also: previously; before the present time.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > recency > [adverb]
neweneOE
newlyeOE
unyoreeOE
noweOE
newOE
lateOE
yesterdaya1300
freshlya1387
of newa1393
anewa1425
newlingsa1425
latewardc1434
the other dayc1450
lately?c1475
erst1480
latewards1484
sith late1484
alatea1500
recently1509
even now1511
late-whiles1561
late ygo1579
formerly1590
just now1591
lastly1592
just1605
low1610
this moment1696
latewardly1721
shortsyne1768
sometime1779
latterly1821
a1300 in Anglia (1974) 92 72 (MED) Þeynk on þe doom þat now us myn, for ful sone such schal be þyn; Myn was als ȝurstay, and tyn in caas ys to-day.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 15 Anoþer seide, ‘Ȝisterday [c1400 Tiber. ȝurstonday; L. heri] he hadde þe peple at his hestes, and now þe peple haþ hym at here heste.’
a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Heb. xiii. 8 (MED) Iesu crist..ȝistyrday halp and he to day and in to worldys.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 3304 I, þat was ȝustirday so ȝape & ȝemed all þe werld, To day am dreuyn all to dust.
a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 131 (MED) It is not wiþ him, as it was ȝisterday and þe oþir day.
1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. cliiiv From the kechyn to the quere and so to a state One yester day a courter is nowe a prest become.
1566 J. Martiall Replie to Calfhills Blasphemous Answer Pref. ******ij He that was but yesterday a Cobler, shalbe within fewe monethes, a profounde minister, and great Rabbi.
1603 T. Dekker et al. Patient Grissill sig. A4v Little girls that yesterday had scarce a hand to make them ready.
a1674 T. Traherne Contempl. Mercies of God (1699) 132 The beauty of the Skies, a magnificent joy; To him that was nothing, Created but yesterday, Taken from the Dust.
1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity iii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 477 Naked from the Womb We yesterday came forth; that in the Tomb Naked again We must Tomorrow lye.
1786 H. Cowley School for Greybeards i. 12 Grown up a man! dear, dear, how time slips! 'Twas but yesterday that your mother came out of the Convent to be married.
1833 Philol. Museum 2 1 The earth stands motionless; the grass upon it bends and returns, the same today as yesterday, the same in this age as in a thousand past.
1856 N. Brit. Rev. 26 264 Edinburgh..outstripped in population daily by towns that yesterday were hamlets.
1899 Daily News 28 Dec. 6/2 The book plate of a millionaire who yesterday was a barman.
1921 New Success May 55 Only yesterday the highest civilizations classed women, politically, with idiots, the insane and the criminal.
1980 N. A. Tuiteleleapaga (title) Samoa: yesterday, today & tomorrow.
2003 North Shore (Brit. Columbia) News (Nexis) 3 May (Open Road section) 44 Parents shake their head in disbelief as they consider their aging teens. They remember how only yesterday they were wearing diapers.
3. As the complement of a preposition, as since, before, until, etc.Such uses are normally analysed (as here) as showing the adverb, but could alternatively be analysed as showing the noun: cf. sense B. 1.
ΚΠ
c1330 (?a1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) p. 504 (MED) Seþþen ȝistay at none ete y non.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings xxi. 5 Wee han contened vs fro ȝistai & beforn ȝistai [L. ab heri et nudiustertius] whan wee wentyn out.
c1440 Privity of Passion (Thornton) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 213 (MED) Be-fore ȝisterday was..the day of sorow & of myrknesse.
a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 1797 (MED) Sith yisterday..a eve This sekenes first did him greve.
a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) l. 1215 (MED) All this is come to me sithe yester day.
1568 Newe Comedie Iacob & Esau ii. i. sig. C.j And not one siely bitte we got since yesterday.
1621 G. Wither Motto sig. E4v They Were neuer heard of, vntill yesterday.
1672 Vindic. of Clergy 4 It is well known to all that are vers'd in Things and Books bearing date a little before yesterday.
1734 J. Swift Let. 17 Dec. in Corr. (1965) IV. 277 I prophesyed a fine parcell of Weather from yesterday, but I was deceived.
1797 Lady Newdigate Let. 30 July in A. E. Newdigate-Newdegate Cheverels (1898) xiv. 200 I have never felt ye Downs too hot for my open Carriage till yesterday.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iii. xxiii. 110 More of the youth I cannot say, Our captive but since yesterday.
1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. II. x. 193 Well, if you must know, I never saw her before yesterday.
1917 Iron Age 1 Nov. 1090/1 By yesterday independent sellers and others had withdrawn.
1981 S. Rena Painless Death xx. 132 We've a telephone installed in the lounge since yesterday and none of yous even noticed it!
1995 Denver Post 27 Aug. a4/4 Promised federal airplanes..didn't arrive until yesterday.
2016 Straits Times (Singapore) (Nexis) 23 Dec. She remained in intensive care until yesterday.
4. In hyperbolical use (with reference to something needed or wanted): extremely urgently, immediately; esp. in to want (or need) something yesterday.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > immediacy > [adverb]
soonc825
ratheeOE
rathelyeOE
rekeneOE
rekenlyOE
thereright971
anonOE
forth ona1000
coflyc1000
ferlyc1000
radlyOE
swiftlyc1000
unyoreOE
yareOE
at the forme (also first) wordOE
nowOE
shortlya1050
rightOE
here-rightlOE
right anonlOE
anonc1175
forthrightc1175
forthwithalc1175
skeetc1175
swithc1175
with and withc1175
anon-rightc1225
anon-rights?c1225
belivec1225
lightly?c1225
quickly?c1225
tidelyc1225
fastlyc1275
hastilyc1275
i-radlichec1275
as soon asc1290
aright1297
bedenea1300
in little wevea1300
withoute(n dwella1300
alrightc1300
as fast (as)c1300
at firstc1300
in placec1300
in the placec1300
mididonec1300
outrightc1300
prestc1300
streck13..
titec1300
without delayc1300
that stounds1303
rada1325
readya1325
apacec1325
albedenec1330
as (also also) titec1330
as blivec1330
as line rightc1330
as straight as linec1330
in anec1330
in presentc1330
newlyc1330
suddenlyc1330
titelyc1330
yernec1330
as soon1340
prestly1340
streckly1340
swithly?1370
evenlya1375
redelya1375
redlya1375
rifelya1375
yeplya1375
at one blastc1380
fresha1382
ripelyc1384
presentc1385
presently1385
without arrestc1385
readilyc1390
in the twinkling of a looka1393
derflya1400
forwhya1400
skeetlya1400
straighta1400
swifta1400
maintenantc1400
out of handc1400
wightc1400
at a startc1405
immediately1420
incontinent1425
there and then1428
onenec1429
forwithc1430
downright?a1439
agatec1440
at a tricec1440
right forth1440
withouten wonec1440
whipc1460
forthwith1461
undelayed1470
incessantly1472
at a momentc1475
right nowc1475
synec1475
incontinently1484
promptly1490
in the nonce?a1500
uncontinent1506
on (upon, in) the instant1509
in short1513
at a clap1519
by and by1526
straightway1526
at a twitch1528
at the first chop1528
maintenantly1528
on a tricea1529
with a tricec1530
at once1531
belively1532
straightwaysa1533
short days1533
undelayedly1534
fro hand1535
indelayedly1535
straight forth1536
betimesc1540
livelyc1540
upononc1540
suddenly1544
at one (or a) dash?1550
at (the) first dash?1550
instantly1552
forth of hand1564
upon the nines1568
on the nail1569
at (also in, with) a thoughtc1572
indilately1572
summarily1578
at one (a) chop1581
amain1587
straightwise1588
extempore1593
presto1598
upon the place1600
directly1604
instant1604
just now1606
with a siserary1607
promiscuously1609
at (in) one (an) instant1611
on (also upon) the momenta1616
at (formerly also on or upon) sight1617
hand to fist1634
fastisha1650
nextly1657
to rights1663
straightaway1663
slap1672
at first bolt1676
point-blank1679
in point1680
offhand1686
instanter1688
sonica1688
flush1701
like a thought1720
in a crack1725
momentary1725
bumbye1727
clacka1734
plumba1734
right away1734
momentarily1739
momentaneously1753
in a snap1768
right off1771
straight an end1778
abruptedly1784
in a whistle1784
slap-bang1785
bang?1795
right off the reel1798
in a whiff1800
in a flash1801
like a shot1809
momently1812
in a brace or couple of shakes1816
in a gird1825
(all) in a rush1829
in (also at, on) short (also quick) order1830
straightly1830
toot sweetc1830
in two twos1838
rectly1843
quick-stick1844
short metre1848
right1849
at the drop of a (occasionally the) hat1854
off the hooks1860
quicksticks1860
straight off1873
bang off1886
away1887
in quick sticks (also in a quick stick)1890
ek dum1895
tout de suite1895
bung1899
one time1899
prompt1910
yesterday1911
in two ups1934
presto changeo1946
now-now1966
presto change1987
1911 Nevada State Jrnl. 2 Nov. 3/6 (advt.) Bring us that repair job. Of course, we know you want it yesterday, but we'll come pretty close to getting it out on time for you.
1958 Y. H. Ward Around World in 32 Days 35 Harvey Slocum wants it done yesterday!
1978 D. A. Stanwood Memory of Eva Ryker xxi. 196 I need the information yesterday.
1980 T. Barling Goodbye Piccadilly xv. 309 Don't ask me... Just get us down there yesterday.
2012 Las Cruces (New Mexico) Sun-News (Nexis) 31 July c3 Every farmer from Cochití to Socorro needs water, and needs it yesterday.
B. n.
1. The day immediately before today. Also: the day before any day, past or future, mentioned or considered as taking place today; the previous day.For uses where yesterday is the complement of a preposition see sense A. 3 and the note there.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > [noun] > time long past or long ago
fern-daysOE
yesterdayOE
antiquityc1375
ancienty1489
eldc1540
father-age1633
auld lang syne1666
(the) year one1754
ancientry1755
aforetime1803
good (also bad) old days1828
long-ago1831
eld-time1845
the year dot1857
old times1898
the world > time > relative time > the past > yesterday > [noun]
yesterdayOE
last dayc1450
yestera1500
yest1684
yestern1807
OE Paris Psalter (1932) lxxxix. 4 For þinum eagum, ece drihten, þusend wintra bið þon anlicast, swa geostrandæg gegan wære [L. sicut dies hesterna quae preteriit].
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 145 He..axed hem wheþer he were leuer þe trauail of þe raþer day oþer þe feste of þat day [c1400 Tiber. continues and hy al seyde, Þe feste of þat day]. Þan Cirus seide ‘Who þat foloweþ þe Medes, schal [emended in ed. to he schal] haue þe trauaille of ȝister day [Tiber. ȝursday]; and þey þat foloweþ me schal haue suche festes.’
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 8083 (MED) A thowsand yhere Bi-for þine eghen..es noght bot als yhister-day, Þat was awhile and es passed oway.
c1475 Mankind (1969) l. 691 On ȝestern day in Feuerere—the ȝere passyth fully.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes ii. 252 My yesterdayes araye was to please my housbande.
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. iv. sig. Kiiiv Well well (quoth she) what euer ye now saie, It is to late to call agayne yesterdaie.
a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1954) VII. 451 Not for your yester-dayes, not for your yester-nights sins.
1706 W. Nicolson London Diaries 28 Jan. (1985) 365 An Order of yesterday had appointed the goeing into a Grand Committee on a Bill for bringing hither some French wine.
1779 W. Farr in Private Lett. Ld. Earl Malmesbury (1870) I. 425 The wind blowing very hard at east all that day, and still more so in the night and on yesterday.
1809 Ld. Byron in R. C. Dallas Corr. Ld. Byron (1825) I. 39 Did you receive my yesterday's note?
1827 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War II. xviii. 144 The Junta, he said, had commenced their sittings on the yesterday.
1897 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 20 Aug. 7/1 New York opened 5 points above yesterday's close, but a recessionary movement started in a few moments.
1912 Englishwoman Dec. 263 She is devouring in hunger a crust of yesterday's bread.
1965 J. Lennon & P. McCartney Yesterday in Beatles Lyrics (1998) 92 Suddenly, I'm not half the man I used to be, There's a shadow hanging over me, Oh yesterday came suddenly.
1985 R. B. Kaiser Encyclical that never Was (1987) 260 The reason I'm here is that yesterday was my husband's birthday.
2014 Daily Tel. 5 Sept. (Sport section) 9/1 [He]..is in hospital in Tenerife after being stabbed in the leg in the early hours of yesterday.
2. In extended use.
a. The past, esp. the recent past; a period or age before the present. Chiefly in the genitive or preceded by of, with a noun denoting the person or thing belonging to the past.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > recency > [noun] > recent times
yesterdaya1382
latter days1549
last age1678
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xxx. 33 Greiþid is forsoþe fro ȝistai [a1382 Bodl. 959 ȝisterday; L. heri] Tofeth.
?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) v. pr. vi. l. 4994 Ȝit ne haþ it nat taken þe tyme of þe morwe, and it haþ lost þat of ȝister-day.
a1555 J. Philpot in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1570) III. 2012/2 We are but yesterdayes children,..& our dayes are lyke a shadow.
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. i. 125/1 Thy crucified Christe, is but an yesterdayes God, the gods of ye Gentiles are of most antiquitie.
1653 G. Ashwell Fides Apostolica 85 Praxeas a fellow of yesterday.
1717 C. Shadwell Hasty Wedding ii. 44 A Fellow of Yesterday, whose impertinent Mother sets up for Quality, because a Lord Lieutenant in a merry Mood, Knighted her Husband.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 187 By a revolution in the state, the fawning sycophant of yesterday, is converted into the austere critic of the present hour. View more context for this quotation
1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake II. xxii. 368 Their skin-deep yesterday's civilisation.
1874 J. Parker Paraclete xviii. 310 As compared with Christian theology, science as it is now urged upon us is but of yesterday.
1897 R. Kipling Recessional in Times 17 July 13/6 Lo, all our pomp of yesterday Is one with Nineveh and Tyre!
1901 M. Foster Lect. Hist. Physiol. 1 We may..the more rightly judge which of the thoughts of to-day is on the direct line of progress, carrying the truth of yesterday on to that of to-morrow.
1990 Computer Lang. Oct. 29/2 (advt.) You're trying to write tomorrow's programs with yesterday's tools.
2015 Hoosier Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 7 June (Herald-Times ed.) e3/4 Training blends yesterday's emphasis on battlefield prowess with the people skills required of troops more recently focused on counterinsurgency.
b. With indefinite article: a (real or imagined) past; a time gone by.
ΚΠ
1837 Lady's Mag. & Museum Jan. 21 The mighty whirlwind is thy play, The city of a yesterday Is scattered by thy hand!
1841 G. L. Craik & C. MacFarlane Pict. Hist. Eng. during Reign George Third I. i. iv. 547 What precedes that reign is..for us of the present hour a yesterday which has run its course.
1916 Country Gentleman 18 Nov. 34/3 In a town where I visit sometimes, there are a lot of fine old houses, relics of a yesterday when there were servants aplenty and income to match.
1954 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 11 Apr. 14/5 Roosevelt's power drive..degenerated into a shriek for a yesterday that had never quite existed.
2013 D. J. Flynn War on Football viii. 137 That world exists..as a quaint memory of a yesterday that appears surreal to today.
3. In plural: days gone by, days now in the past; past actions or events. Somewhat poetic.Sometimes consciously echoing Shakespeare's use in quot. a1616.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > [noun] > past portion of time
yesterdaysc1400
backwarda1616
the world > time > relative time > the past > [noun] > past events or offences
yesterdaysc1400
bygones1568
gone-by1828
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 529 (MED) Þus ȝirnez þe ȝere in ȝisterdayez mony.
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Hesternus, of yesterdayes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. v. 21 And all our yesterdayes, haue lighted Fooles The way to dusty death. View more context for this quotation
1631 W. Watts tr. St. Augustine Confessions i. vi. 18 All To Morrowes and so forward, and all Yesterdaies and so backward, thou shalt make present in this day of thine.
1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the Second 22 O for Yesterdays to come!
1789 ‘A. Pasquin’ Poems I. 19 Thus, our frail yesterdays', like meteors gleam'd, Their evil's realis'd, their beauties seem'd.
1815 Philos. Mag. 46 471 We seek no better evidence that the sun will rise to-morrow morning, than its having regularly done so all the yesterdays that are past.
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge lxxv. 380 The same..gentleman he had seen yesterday, and many yesterdays before.
1899 A. M. Fairbairn Catholicism i. 34 They tried to enrich the church of to-day with the wealth of all her yesterdays.
1902 Daily Chron. 22 Apr. 3/3 Friendship is the same to-day as it has been for a myriad of yesterdays.
1907 Young Woman's Jrnl. Jan. 10/1 All our yesterdays were once tomorrows.
1930 H. M. Tomlinson (title) All our yesterdays.
2004 R. L. Hunter & V. L. Hunter What your Doctor & your Pastor want you to know about Depression 92 If all our yesterdays haunt us, there is no genuine freedom for today or tomorrow.
C. adj.
1. Belonging to or concerned with the day before today, or the (immediate) past. Also: very recent; of recent origin. rare after 17th cent.In quot. c1400 sometimes alternatively interpreted as a form of the noun with unmarked genitive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > yesterday > [adjective]
yesterdayc1400
hinder1487
hestern1577
yester1577
nudiustertian1647
hesternal1651
yestern1891
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > recency > [adjective] > recent or belonging to a recent period
yesterdayc1400
recentc1540
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 463 He..sone ȝederly forȝete ȝisterday steven.
a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 32 Hesternus,-a,-um, ȝusterday.
1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 427 (MED) Ȝisterday..hesternus..pridianus.
1563 T. Becon Reliques of Rome (rev. ed.) f. 78v A late and an yesterday byrde, hatched and brought forthe of many Popes.
1646 R. Baillie Anabaptism 163 An yesterday conceit of the English Anabaptists.
1657 J. Watts Scribe, Pharisee iii. 51 You may ere long, lay down your Novelties, and the yesterday fashions of your new Brotherhood.
1665 J. Webb Vindic. Stone-Heng Restored 41 His Judgement dictated, that yesterday Writers are most proper for matters of Antiquity.
1690 C. Ness Compl. Hist. & Myst. Old & New Test. I. 189 The covenant of reconciliation..was but a yesterday covenant..in comparison of this covenant of redemption..which was from eternity.
1858 H. Timrod in Russell's Mag. Feb. 404 Wet with those yesterday rains,) These roses and lilies.
1957 D. Keene in Oxf. Poetry 13 O my yesterday saints Will your too sudden spring Renew him?
2. In predicative use with so, very, too, etc. Old-fashioned, out-of-date; outmoded, passé.
ΚΠ
1971 ‘Adrienne’ Gimmick Pref. 8 For the most part my students have studied English for five–seven years. They speak all ‘too well’, too stiff, too yesterday.
1999 Times 22 Jan. (Arts section) 33/7 Clothes? They're so, like, yesterday... What really talks is the body and what you do to it; pierce it, tattoo it, cut it, expose it.
2014 J. Hart Skookum Summer 283 We have a big new printing contract, so we need a new press. Hot type is so yesterday.

Phrases

born yesterday: used chiefly in negative (sometimes also interrogative or hypothetical) constructions to indicate that one is not naive, foolish, gullible, etc., as in I wasn't born yesterday, do you think I was born yesterday?, as if I had been born yesterday, etc.
ΚΠ
1568 W. Barker tr. G. B. Gelli Fearfull Fansies of Florentine Couper x. f. 131 Knowest thou not, that thou art like one born yesterday [It. che tu fussi nata hiersera], & yet ther be many yeres since we first met together?
1631 J. Mabbe tr. F. de Rojas Spanish Bawd 95 You make of me, as if I had been borne but yesterday [Sp. parece que ayer naci].
1700 E. Ward Metamorphos'd Beau 15 But harkye, said one, Do you say, you get nothing but by Strangers? What the Devil do you mean? Do you think I was born Yesterday?
1724 E. Haywood Wife to be Lett v. 71 You shan't think to carry it so—I was not born Yesterday.
1757 R. Demere Let. 10 Aug. in W. L. McDowell Docs. relating to Indian Affairs (1970) II. 398 I was not born Yesterday.
1837 F. Marryat Snarleyyow (ed. 2) I. xii. 158 I was not born yesterday, as the saying is.
1861 G. J. Whyte-Melville Market Harborough xii. 133 It is needless for me to observe that Mr. Sawyer was one of those individuals who are described in common parlance as not having been ‘born yesterday’.
1895 J. C. Snaith Dorothy Marvin xlviii. 419 ‘I wasn't born yesterday’, he returned sweetly; ‘methinks I am rather old in the tooth.’
1925 R. W. Lardner in Cosmopolitan June 47/2 I wasn't born yesterday and I know apple sauce when I hear it.
1959 Daily News-Record (Harrisonburg, Va.) 7 May If there is anybody in Washington who doesn't know this, he must have been born yesterday.
2006 D. Trussoni Falling through Earth (2007) xiv. 259 Oh, I understand. I wasn't born yesterday.

Compounds

C1. attributive. Designating a time of day occurring on the day before today, as yesterday afternoon, yesterday evening, yesterday morning, yesterday night, yesterday noon, etc.; frequently in adverbial constructions. Cf. yester- comb. form.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > yesterday > [adverb] > yesterday afternoon or last night
yesternightOE
yestern eveOE
tonightc1275
yester-evenc1330
yesterday evening1490
yestreena1500
this hinder nighta1549
yester-eve1565
yester-even1578
yester-evening1598
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xvi. 373 I cowde not doo therto, for I have be here sith yesterdaye evyn [Fr. depuis vespre].
1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer ii. sig. L.iiiv A good iudgement in the Courtyer is sufficient for al this, which the Count saide well yesterday nighte that he oughte to haue.
1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. xxv. f. 241 Bee it knowne vnto you syr, yt yesterday morning my mistresse Iulietta left hir lyfe in this world to seke rest in an other.
1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor iv. iii. sig. M His villanous Ganimede and hee ha' been droning a Tabacco Pipe there, euer sin' yesterday noone . View more context for this quotation
1654–5 in C. H. Firth Clarke Papers (1899) III. 26 Yesterday night came letters from Collonell Hacker.
1711 London Gaz. No. 4892/2 The Bridge was finished Yesterday-Morning.
1730 W. Wriglesworth MS Log-bk. of ‘Lyell’ 1 Aug. Yesterday afternoon unreeved the runing Rigging.
1782 F. Burney Cecilia I. i. vi. 77 She enquired how long he had left Suffolk? ‘But yesterday noon, ma'am,’ he answered.
1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) xi. 101 Yesterday morning, when a letter was received from Mr. Wardle.
1869 E. D. E. N. Southworth Bride's Fate xxix. 392 Here is the Times of yesterday morning and the Express of yesterday evening, sir.
1907 L. J. Vance Brass Bowl viii. 202 Vain repetition of yesterday afternoon's fruitless task.
1962 Wilson (N. Carolina) Daily Times 17 Apr. 1/4 Raeford Flowers..announced the names of the new slate of officers for the coming year at the club's meeting held yesterday lunchtime at the Cherry Hotel.
2015 P. Hawkins Girl on Train 101 I spent yesterday evening sitting on the sofa in jogging bottoms and a T-shirt.
C2.
yesterday's news n. a person or thing that is no longer relevant, fashionable, or important (cf. old news n. at old adj. Compounds 4).
ΚΠ
1940 Lowell (Mass.) Sun 19 Nov. 14/1 The campaign is over. The political signs are yesterday's news.
1962 in M. L. Mace & G. G. Montgomery Managem. Probl. Of Corporate Acquisitions viii. 203 The purple dress is yesterday's news and not worth $2.00 now.
1974 Hutchinson (Kansas) News 21 Apr. 4/1 He is yesterday's news—ex-HEW Secretary, ex-Defense Secretary, ex-Attorney General. A triple has-been.
1994 ‘C. Victor’ Only You (1995) xvii. 215 She'd been in constant fear of sliding from her perch near the top, always wondering..if she'd suddenly be yesterday's news.
2006 Esquire Sept. 98/1 Russia is yesterday's news. New Zealand is old hat.
yesterday's man n. a man, esp. a politician, whose career is finished or past its peak.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > [noun] > one who or that which is unsuccessful > one who is a failure > one who is past his peak
has-been1702
have-been1737
had-beenc1748
used-to-be1852
extinct volcano1865
wasser1924
yesterday's man1966
1966 ‘G. Black’ You want to die, Johnny? ii. 27 John saw himself as one of yesterday's men, a survivor.
1970 Times 12 May 1/5 It [sc. the campaign] presents Mr. Heath and some of his better known lieutenants..as ‘yesterday's men—they failed before’.
1994 Washington Post 5 July a12/6 As Poland's revolution has moved from the stark struggle between communism and freedom to the nuanced..contest for the shape of the future, Walesa finds himself something of a yesterday's man.
2007 J. McGuigan in J. Ahearne & O. Bennett Intellectuals & Cultural Policy 85 He is now a yesterday's man, a figure, most memorably, of the Swinging Sixties.

Derivatives

ˈyesterdayness n. the quality of belonging to or being characteristic of yesterday or the (recent) past; outdatedness, old-fashionedness.In quot. 1897: the distinctive quality of being yesterday.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > yesterday > [noun] > quality of being
yesterdayness1836
1836 Athenæum 5 Nov. 777/2 If the ‘Constitution of Man’ had happened to have been a ‘Harmony of Phrenology with Scripture’, we should never..have heard of the crudity and yesterdayness of the Gallean revelation.
1897 Bookman Nov. 235 Yesterday, as such and in its essential yesterdayness, has no objective existence.
1909 Times Lit. Suppl. 3 June 202/2 That disquieting sense of ‘yesterdayness’ that attaches to most collections of essays..that have already severally seen the light.
1959 Pasadena (Calif.) Independent 10 June 8/3 There are no improvements in the Valley to take away from the feeling of yesterdayness.
2015 Tampa (Florida) Tribune (Nexis) 17 Apr. 35 Rubio's relative youth underscores Hillary's yesterdayness.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adv.n.adj.OE
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