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1911 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 100 i. 520 Ethyl α-ketoglutarate, b.p. 114°/13 mm., obtained by esterification of the acid in a closed tube at 120°, is a colourless liquid.

1940 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 136 302 Carbon dioxide combines directly with pyruvic acid to yield oxaloacetic acid, the latter then combining with an additional molecule of pyruvate to form α-ketoglutarate.

1971 Scand. Jrnl. Clin. & Lab. Invest. 28 365/1 The known ammonia-detoxifying processes..involve amination of α-ketoglutarate to glutamate and amidation of glutamate to glutamine.