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单词 yellows
释义

yellowsn.

Brit. /ˈjɛləʊz/, U.S. /ˈjɛloʊz/
Forms: see yellow adj. and n.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: yellow n.
Etymology: < the plural of yellow n.
I. Senses referring to diseases or emotional states.
1. Jaundice; any of various diseases, esp. of livestock, characterized by jaundice or other yellow discoloration of tissues.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle, horse, or sheep > [noun] > disorders of cattle or horses > jaundice
yellows1561
pantas1575
1561 in W. Rye Depositions Mayor & Aldermen Norwich 1549–67 (1905) 65 (modernized text) The horse had a disease running through him which was called the yellows.
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 454/1 Arquatus,..that hath the yellowes, or the iaunders.
1607 Merry Devil Edmonton v. ii. 16 If I doe not indite him at the next assisses for Burglary, let me die of the yellowes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iii. ii. 52 His horse..raied with the Yellowes . View more context for this quotation
1733 W. Ellis Chiltern & Vale Farming 220 This is apt to gripe them, and bring on the Yellows.
1799 A. Young Gen. View Agric. County Lincoln 377 They lose many lambs of the yellows, from August to the middle of September.
1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 1133 The Yellows, which is a disease to which cows are very subject.
1871 G. H. Napheys Prevention & Cure Dis. iii. ix. 995 Jaundice is also known under the name of the yellows.
1931 ‘M. J. Farrell’ Mad Puppetstown i. iii. 172 She let the hound puppy loose outside the stable yard, to sleep in the hay barn or to contract yellows as seemed best to it.
1951 Land (Sydney) 14 Sept. 29/2 Your sheep are apparently affected with Toxaemic Jaundice and commonly referred to as ‘Yellows’.
2009 Weekly Times (Austral.) (Nexis) 28 Jan. 91 The accumulation of copper can lead to the ‘yellows’, a condition characterised by kidney failure and death.
2. Jealousy; envy. Cf. yellow adj. 3a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > jealousy or envy > [noun] > jealousy
jealousnessc1380
jealoustea1382
heart-burningc1425
jealousyc1425
zealousy1542
zelotypia1566
heartburn1579
yellownessa1586
yellows1601
green-eyed monstera1616
zelotypy1623
green eyea1845
jealous-hood1846
1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor v. i. sig. M2 You haue a spice of the yealous yet both of you, (in your hose I meane). View more context for this quotation
1638 R. Brathwait Barnabees Journall (new ed.) i. sig. F2 Alwayes frolick, free from yellows.
1683 R. Dixon Canidia v. xii. 114 His Course Wife is troubled with the Yellows.
3.
a. The damaged condition of wheat grains caused by the larvae of the wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana; (apparently also) the wheat midge itself. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1771 C. Gullet in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 350 What the farmers call the yellows in wheat, and which they consider as a kind of mildew, is..occasioned by a small yellow fly with blue wings, about the size of a gnat.
1776 W. Boutcher Treat. Forest-trees (new ed.) xix. 143 In the preserving of crops of wheat from the yellows, and other destructive insects.
1815 Farmer's Mag. Aug. 385 The mildew and yellows have been discovered among the Wheat.
1815 Farmer's Mag. Aug. 385 (note) The yellows in wheat is a small grub that eats the corn out of the ear before it is ripe.
1851 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1850: Agric. 5 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (31st Congr., 2nd Sess.: U.S. House of Representatives Executive Doc. No. 32, Pt. 2) VI. Early sown wheat, however is frequently attacked by the Hessian fly and yellows.
b. A disease of peach trees characterized by yellowing and distortion of foliage and other parts, and caused by a mycoplasma-like organism; = peach yellows n. at peach n.1 and adj. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > caused by insects > associated with crop or food plants
cockle1777
ear cockle1777
raddleman1798
purple1807
yellows1808
sedging1820
gout1828
sedge-root1837
leaf blister1858
tulip-root1875
root-knot1888
1808 R. Peters in Mem. Philadelphia Soc. for Promoting Agric. 1 24 The ‘yellows’ are seen making destructive ravages in Mr. Heston's peach plantation.
1848 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 1st Ser. i. 9 'Fore they think on 't they will sprout (Like a peach thet's got the yellers), With the meanness bustin' out.
1937 Amer. Home Apr. 15/2 When the smaller of the two [peach trees] also developed the yellows, that dread disease which destroys whole orchards, I promptly dug it out and burnt it.
2014 Canad. Jrnl. Plant Pathol. 36 158/2 Based on the main symptom of yellows, we collected 60 samples from diseased peach trees and symptomatically inferred that the disease was associated with phytoplasmas.
c. Any of various other diseases and physiological disorders of plants characterized by yellowing of foliage or other parts. Frequently with distinguishing word.Diseases of this kind are most commonly caused by viruses and mycoplasma-like organisms.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > deficiency diseases
chlorosis1805
leaf scald1870
leaf scorch1899
sand drown1922
yellows1926
iron deficiency anaemia1932
1895 L. H. Bailey Blackberries (Bull. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exper. Station No. 99) 426 There are four diseases of the blackberry which may be mentioned here,—the red rust or yellows, root-gall, anthracnose, and cane-knot.
1926 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 13 647 Asters affected with yellows never show mottling.
1933 Times Lit. Suppl. 16 Mar. 187/2 A disease of the tea-bush known as ‘yellows’ is due to a deficiency of sulphur in the soil.
1957 New Scientist 8 Aug. 31/3 At least 2,800 tons of beet were lost from yellows infection..in the Shotley peninsula.
2014 Sci. Amer. Mar. 56 American elms are also highly vulnerable to another disease known as elm yellows, spread by American leafhoppers carrying phytoplasma bacteria.
II. Senses referring to plants or substances.
4. Chiefly English regional.
a. Either of two plants yielding a yellow dye, weld ( Reseda luteola) and dyer's greenweed ( Genista tinctoria). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > [noun] > names applied to various dye-plants
dyer's weed1578
yellows1601
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxiii. v. 471 An hearb called likewise Lutea. [Note] Some take it to be weld or yellows.
1638 J. Ford Fancies v. 72 Burnish my forehead with the juyce of yellowes.
1790 W. Marshall Agric. Provincialisms in Rural Econ. Midland Counties II. 445 Yellows,..dyers' weed.
1920 W. E. Brenchley Weeds of Farm Land xiii. 214 Genista tinctoria, L.—Alleluia, base broom,..yellows.
b. Any of several yellow-flowered arable weeds of the family Brassicaceae, esp. charlock ( Sinapis arvensis) and wild turnip ( Brassica rapa subsp. campestris). Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1738 G. C. Deering Catalogus Stirpium 149 Napus sylvestris... Flowers in June and July, very common on Banksides, and among the Corn too plentifully, the Country People here [sc. near Nottingham] call them the Yellows.
1802 G. Culley Let. 12 June in M. Culley & G. Culley Farming Lett. (2006) 307 I think I never saw so many small or top weeds amongst corn and other grain, and especially yellows, what you call kale and we masicks, and cress and wild mustard.
5. English regional (Cornwall). Mining. Yellow copper ore (typically, chalcopyrite) occurring in tin mines. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > ore > [noun] > metal ore > copper ore > types of
red copper1507
misy1543
grey copper1590
yellow ore1630
grey orea1728
pitch ore1776
red copper ore1776
fahlerz1796
tile-ore1823
cuprite1850
lettsomite1850
velvet copper-ore1850
yellows1851
meneghinite1852
peacock copper1858
peacock ore1858
horseflesh ore1868
plush-copper1881
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. I. 145/2 Till a comparatively recent date, tin was the only metal which was sought for; and, in many cases, the mines were abandoned when the miners came to the ‘yellows’, that is, the yellow sulphuret of copper.
1884 R. Hunt Brit. Mining 827 The family of the Williams's, who were then working Tresaven mine most profitably for tin, caused all the workings to be given up ‘because they had come to the yellows’.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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