zero-sumadj.

Brit.

/ˈzɪərəʊsʌm/, U.S.

/ˈˌzɪroʊˈsəm/,

/ˈˌziroʊˈsəm/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: zero n., sum n.¹

Etymology: < zero n. + sum n.¹

1. In game theory: designating a game in which whatever is gained by one side is lost by the other, so that the net change is always zero. More generally: designating any situation in which an advantage to one participant necessarily leads to a disadvantage to one or more of the others. Esp. in zero-sum game.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [adjective] > types of

maiden1598

well-run1601

unequal1654

well contested1722

returned1758

friendly1780

close-run1813

foursome1814

lightweight1823

tight1828

side1829

one-sided1839

scratch1851

international1859

all-comers1860

scrub1867

pointless1876

scoreless1885

replayed1886

peg-down1887

all-star1889

stiff1890

varsity1891

postseason1893

knock-out1896

best-of-(a specified odd number)1897

seeded1901

junior varsity1902

Simon Pure1905

pegged-down1908

JV1923

zero-sum1944

tie-breaking1970

1944 J. Von Neumann & O. Morgenstern Theory of Games ii. 47 An important viewpoint in classifying games is this: Is the sum of all payments received by all players (at the end of the game) always zero; or is this not the case?.. We shall call games of the first mentioned type zero-sum games.

1957 World Politics 10 139 This is what may be called the ‘zero-sum’ concept; power, that is to say, is power over others. The power A has in a system is necessarily and by definition at the expense of B.

1966 S. Beer Decision & Control x. 210 Perhaps the contestants in most important games nowadays (from labour disputes..to international diplomacy) too readily regard their games as zero-sum.

1980 Times Lit. Suppl. 26 Sept. 1072/2 In Europe [in the 1930s] class conflict was seen as a zero-sum game in which one group could only benefit at the expense of another.

2002 A. Bellin Poker Nation ii. 19 Poker, in its most basic form, is a zero-sum game. Without a third party like a house or casino that charges a fee to play in the game, the total sum of money at the table remains constant.

2. Of, relating to, or characteristic of zero-sum games or situations (see sense 1).

ΘΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > [adjective]

unbeheveeOE

unprofitablec1350

thriftlessc1400

undisposingc1400

disprofitable1548

disadvantageous1550

incommodious1579

disadvantageable1587

unadvantageable1603

lossful1611

naught1620

disvantageous1622

disserviceable1645

incommodous1677

unserviceable1698

zero-sum1965

downside1983

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > [adjective] > specific advantage

minimax1947

maximin1949

zero-sum1965

1965 M. Olson Logic of Collective Action i. 40 Riker's..book considers some phenomena, like military alliances, for which his zero-sum assumption is most inappropriate.

1971 Times Lit. Suppl. 22 Oct. 1335/3 C. Wright Mills..used a zero-sum conception of power (i.e., the more one person had the less was available to others).

1983 J. Macy Despair & Personal Power ii. 32 Conditioned by the patriarchal, zero-sum notion of power, we are often tempted to view the skills and good fortunes of others in a competitive fashion.

2007 Times of India 2 June 19/2 We want a 21st Century partnership with Russia, but at times, Russia seems to think and act in the zero-sum terms of another era.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	zero-sum
释义	zero-sumadj. Brit. /ˈzɪərəʊsʌm/, U.S. /ˈˌzɪroʊˈsəm/, /ˈˌziroʊˈsəm/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: zero n., sum n.¹ Etymology: < zero n. + sum n.¹ 1. In game theory: designating a game in which whatever is gained by one side is lost by the other, so that the net change is always zero. More generally: designating any situation in which an advantage to one participant necessarily leads to a disadvantage to one or more of the others. Esp. in zero-sum game. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [adjective] > types of maiden1598 well-run1601 unequal1654 well contested1722 returned1758 friendly1780 close-run1813 foursome1814 lightweight1823 tight1828 side1829 one-sided1839 scratch1851 international1859 all-comers1860 scrub1867 pointless1876 scoreless1885 replayed1886 peg-down1887 all-star1889 stiff1890 varsity1891 postseason1893 knock-out1896 best-of-(a specified odd number)1897 seeded1901 junior varsity1902 Simon Pure1905 pegged-down1908 JV1923 zero-sum1944 tie-breaking1970 1944 J. Von Neumann & O. Morgenstern Theory of Games ii. 47 An important viewpoint in classifying games is this: Is the sum of all payments received by all players (at the end of the game) always zero; or is this not the case?.. We shall call games of the first mentioned type zero-sum games. 1957 World Politics 10 139 This is what may be called the ‘zero-sum’ concept; power, that is to say, is power over others. The power A has in a system is necessarily and by definition at the expense of B. 1966 S. Beer Decision & Control x. 210 Perhaps the contestants in most important games nowadays (from labour disputes..to international diplomacy) too readily regard their games as zero-sum. 1980 Times Lit. Suppl. 26 Sept. 1072/2 In Europe [in the 1930s] class conflict was seen as a zero-sum game in which one group could only benefit at the expense of another. 2002 A. Bellin Poker Nation ii. 19 Poker, in its most basic form, is a zero-sum game. Without a third party like a house or casino that charges a fee to play in the game, the total sum of money at the table remains constant. 2. Of, relating to, or characteristic of zero-sum games or situations (see sense 1). ΘΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > [adjective] unbeheveeOE unprofitablec1350 thriftlessc1400 undisposingc1400 disprofitable1548 disadvantageous1550 incommodious1579 disadvantageable1587 unadvantageable1603 lossful1611 naught1620 disvantageous1622 disserviceable1645 incommodous1677 unserviceable1698 zero-sum1965 downside1983 the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > [adjective] > specific advantage minimax1947 maximin1949 zero-sum1965 1965 M. Olson Logic of Collective Action i. 40 Riker's..book considers some phenomena, like military alliances, for which his zero-sum assumption is most inappropriate. 1971 Times Lit. Suppl. 22 Oct. 1335/3 C. Wright Mills..used a zero-sum conception of power (i.e., the more one person had the less was available to others). 1983 J. Macy Despair & Personal Power ii. 32 Conditioned by the patriarchal, zero-sum notion of power, we are often tempted to view the skills and good fortunes of others in a competitive fashion. 2007 Times of India 2 June 19/2 We want a 21st Century partnership with Russia, but at times, Russia seems to think and act in the zero-sum terms of another era. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1944
随便看	to come into a person's hands to come into commons to come into force to come into it to come into one's naked bed to come into one's own to come into operation to come into play to come into profit to come into question to come into sight to come into the market to come into the open to come into the reckoning to come into the world to come into to take force to come into use to come into view to come into vogue to come into wear to come it to come it over a person to come it strong to come it with a person to come lag of