xin.

Brit.

/zʌɪ/,

/(k)sʌɪ/, U.S.

/zaɪ/,

/ksaɪ/

Forms: late Middle English xe, late Middle English 1600s– xi, 1800s– zi.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin xi; Greek ξεῖ.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin xi (13th cent. in a British source) and its etymon Hellenistic Greek ξεῖ, ξῖ, name of the fourteenth letter (Ξ, ξ) of the Greek alphabet (see further discussion at X n.).

1. (The name of) the fourteenth letter of the Greek alphabet (Ξ, ξ).In transliterating ancient Greek, usually rendered as x.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > Greek

alphac1175

muc1175

betaa1400

taua1400

chic1400

deltac1400

etac1400

kappac1400

gamma?a1425

lambda?a1425

nu?a1425

phi?a1425

pi?a1425

psi?a1425

rho?a1425

xi?a1425

zeta?a1425

upsilon1559

san1584

omega1599

theta1603

iota1607

sigma1607

omicron1631

digamma1699

epsilon1842

zeta1850

?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 11 If ȝe wil wit of þe abce of Grew and what kyn letters þai hafe, here ȝe may see þam and þer names also:–alpha α, beta β,..mi μ, ni ν, xe [?a1425 Titus xi] ξ, [etc.].

1687 J. Gretser Rudim. Greek Tongue i. 3 Alpha..Vita..Gamma..Delta..My..Ny..Xi..[etc.].

1767 G. Sharpe Origins & Struct. Greek Tongue 232 The Greeks, at first, had no more than sixteen [letters]... When Cadmus entered Greece, he gave them the names, and added to the old characters three more letters, zeta, eta, xi.

1848 H. Welsford Mithridates Minor iv. 41 We are sure that the Greek letter Xi is merely a contraction for KS, or Kappa and Sigma, as those letters actually supply its place both in the Amyclean and Nanian inscriptions.

1918 Sigma Xi Q. Dec. 100 The monogram shall consist of the Greek letter, Sigma, superimposed upon the Greek letter Xi.

2007 Hesperia 76 549 Of the dotted epsilon, the right tips of horizontals at top right and bottom right of the letter space are visible..; the letter xi cannot be excluded.

2. Astronomy. Used in the name of the fourteenth star (typically the fourteenth brightest) in a constellation. Usually with the Latin genitive of the constellation name (or an abbreviation of this) as a postmodifier. Frequently written ξ.The practice of using Greek letters to designate the stars in a constellation was introduced in J. Bayer Uranometria (1603).

ΚΠ

1826 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 116 p. xi (table) ξ Bootis.

1833 E. H. Burritt Geogr. of Heavens x. 140 A line drawn from Lyra through Zi Draconis, and produced 10° further, will point out Zeta, a star of the 3d maguitude.

1867 J. Ennis Origin of Stars iv. 26 Xi Cancri, 12 Lyncis, and 11 Monocerotis are clearly double stars with a small distant attendant revolving around both.

1903 J. Kost Human Destiny xxiv. 168 Gamma Virginus; Zeta in Cancer; Zi Bootis; Delta Serpentis; and 61 Cygni, are all hardly less indicative of mutual revolution.

1981 P. van de kamp in Z. Kopal Binary & Multiple Stars as Tracers of Stellar Evol. ii. 94 In several of the wide binaries, one or two of the components are found to be double, and the resulting system may be quadruple or even more (Sigma Coronae Borealis, Castor, Zeta Cancri, Xi Ursae Majoris).

2010 A. Poochigian in tr. Aratus Phaenomena Notes 61 Perseus' left shoulder and left leg (θ ξ Persei).

3. Particle Physics. Either of a pair of baryons having a mass of approx. 1320 MeV, spin of ½, strangeness of −2, and isospin of ½, which on decaying usually produce a lambda particle and a pion; (also, usually with distinguishing word) any of several related baryons with the same isospin. More fully xi particle. Frequently written Ξ.The two basic xis are composed of two strange quarks and one up or down quark.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle participating in strong interaction > baryon > [noun] > hyperon > one of pair

xi1968

1968 M. S. Livingston Particle Physics xii. 213 The basic octet of states is identified with the nucleon, the Σ-particle triplet, the Λ⁰ particle, and the Ξ-particle doublet.

2005 Nucl. Physics B. (Proc. Suppl.) 141 81/2 The production cross section for the double charmed Ξ⁺_cc baryon.

2011 K. W. Ford 101 Quantum Questions 161 Other ‘multiplets’ were found, including a triplet of three pions, a doublet of two xi particles, and a singlet lambda particle.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	xi
释义	xin. Brit. /zʌɪ/, /(k)sʌɪ/, U.S. /zaɪ/, /ksaɪ/ Forms: late Middle English xe, late Middle English 1600s– xi, 1800s– zi. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin xi; Greek ξεῖ. Etymology: < post-classical Latin xi (13th cent. in a British source) and its etymon Hellenistic Greek ξεῖ, ξῖ, name of the fourteenth letter (Ξ, ξ) of the Greek alphabet (see further discussion at X n.). 1. (The name of) the fourteenth letter of the Greek alphabet (Ξ, ξ).In transliterating ancient Greek, usually rendered as x. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > Greek alphac1175 muc1175 betaa1400 taua1400 chic1400 deltac1400 etac1400 kappac1400 gamma?a1425 lambda?a1425 nu?a1425 phi?a1425 pi?a1425 psi?a1425 rho?a1425 xi?a1425 zeta?a1425 upsilon1559 san1584 omega1599 theta1603 iota1607 sigma1607 omicron1631 digamma1699 epsilon1842 zeta1850 ?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 11 If ȝe wil wit of þe abce of Grew and what kyn letters þai hafe, here ȝe may see þam and þer names also:–alpha α, beta β,..mi μ, ni ν, xe [?a1425 Titus xi] ξ, [etc.]. 1687 J. Gretser Rudim. Greek Tongue i. 3 Alpha..Vita..Gamma..Delta..My..Ny..Xi..[etc.]. 1767 G. Sharpe Origins & Struct. Greek Tongue 232 The Greeks, at first, had no more than sixteen [letters]... When Cadmus entered Greece, he gave them the names, and added to the old characters three more letters, zeta, eta, xi. 1848 H. Welsford Mithridates Minor iv. 41 We are sure that the Greek letter Xi is merely a contraction for KS, or Kappa and Sigma, as those letters actually supply its place both in the Amyclean and Nanian inscriptions. 1918 Sigma Xi Q. Dec. 100 The monogram shall consist of the Greek letter, Sigma, superimposed upon the Greek letter Xi. 2007 Hesperia 76 549 Of the dotted epsilon, the right tips of horizontals at top right and bottom right of the letter space are visible..; the letter xi cannot be excluded. 2. Astronomy. Used in the name of the fourteenth star (typically the fourteenth brightest) in a constellation. Usually with the Latin genitive of the constellation name (or an abbreviation of this) as a postmodifier. Frequently written ξ.The practice of using Greek letters to designate the stars in a constellation was introduced in J. Bayer Uranometria (1603). ΚΠ 1826 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 116 p. xi (table) ξ Bootis. 1833 E. H. Burritt Geogr. of Heavens x. 140 A line drawn from Lyra through Zi Draconis, and produced 10° further, will point out Zeta, a star of the 3d maguitude. 1867 J. Ennis Origin of Stars iv. 26 Xi Cancri, 12 Lyncis, and 11 Monocerotis are clearly double stars with a small distant attendant revolving around both. 1903 J. Kost Human Destiny xxiv. 168 Gamma Virginus; Zeta in Cancer; Zi Bootis; Delta Serpentis; and 61 Cygni, are all hardly less indicative of mutual revolution. 1981 P. van de kamp in Z. Kopal Binary & Multiple Stars as Tracers of Stellar Evol. ii. 94 In several of the wide binaries, one or two of the components are found to be double, and the resulting system may be quadruple or even more (Sigma Coronae Borealis, Castor, Zeta Cancri, Xi Ursae Majoris). 2010 A. Poochigian in tr. Aratus Phaenomena Notes 61 Perseus' left shoulder and left leg (θ ξ Persei). 3. Particle Physics. Either of a pair of baryons having a mass of approx. 1320 MeV, spin of ½, strangeness of −2, and isospin of ½, which on decaying usually produce a lambda particle and a pion; (also, usually with distinguishing word) any of several related baryons with the same isospin. More fully xi particle. Frequently written Ξ.The two basic xis are composed of two strange quarks and one up or down quark. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle participating in strong interaction > baryon > [noun] > hyperon > one of pair xi1968 1968 M. S. Livingston Particle Physics xii. 213 The basic octet of states is identified with the nucleon, the Σ-particle triplet, the Λ⁰ particle, and the Ξ-particle doublet. 2005 Nucl. Physics B. (Proc. Suppl.) 141 81/2 The production cross section for the double charmed Ξ⁺_cc baryon. 2011 K. W. Ford 101 Quantum Questions 161 Other ‘multiplets’ were found, including a triplet of three pions, a doublet of two xi particles, and a singlet lambda particle. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.?a1425
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