yepron.n.

Brit.

/jiː/,

/ji/, U.S.

/ji/,

/jɪ/, Scottish English

/ji/,

/jɪ/, Irish English

/jiː/,

/jɪ/

Forms: 1. Old English gee (Northumbrian), Old English gi (Northumbrian, rare), Old English–Middle English ge, Old English (Northumbrian)–Middle English (East Anglian and northern) gie, late Old English–early Middle English geo, early Middle English ȝ (transmission error), early Middle English ȝeo (south-western), early Middle English hie (south-east midlands), early Middle English hye (south-eastern), early Middle English iye, early Middle English jȝe, early Middle English we (transmission error), Middle English ȝee, Middle English ghe, Middle English ȝhe, Middle English ȝhee, Middle English ȝie (chiefly East Anglian and south-east midlands), Middle English he (transmission error), Middle English ie, Middle English ihe, Middle English y (transmission error), Middle English yeȝ, Middle English yhe, Middle English yie (northern), Middle English ze (northern), Middle English–1500s ȝe, Middle English–1600s yee, Middle English– ye, late Middle English e (perhaps transmission error), 1700s y'; English regional 1800s yeh, 1800s– 'e, 1800s– ee, 1800s– 'ee, 1800s– ye'y (Yorkshire), 1900s– yee (northern); Scottish pre-1700 ȝea, pre-1700 ȝee, pre-1700 ȝei, pre-1700 ȝhe, pre-1700 ȝie, pre-1700 yea, pre-1700 yee, pre-1700 yhe, pre-1700 yie, pre-1700 1700s ȝe, pre-1700 1700s– ye, 1800s 'e, 1800s– ee, 1800s– 'ee, 1800s– y', 1900s– yi, 1900s– yih. OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. v. 13 Uos estis sal terrae : gee sint salt eorðes.OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke xvi. 15 Uos estis qui iustificatis uos coram hominibus : gie sindon ða ðe gie soðfæstigeð iuih foræ monnum.OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 5 Ne beo ge swylce liceteras.lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 656 Þet ge beon witnesse & þet geo hit write mid iure fingre.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1118 Hu ȝe muȝhenn lakenn godd.a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 143 Nu ȝie habbeð iherd þes wimmanes name.a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Initio Creaturae (Vesp. A.xxii) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 217 Þenche ȝie ælc word of him swete.a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 127 Ge ne beoð ne alesde of deofles anwalde mid golde ne mid seolure.c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 216 Hye habbet to gode i offred of yure selure.a1325 (?c1300) Northern Passion (Cambr. Gg.1.1) l. 153 Wol iye yeue me mede And to Iesu ich wol you lede?c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 9360 Louerdinges jȝe wute wel þat wo so wole do such þing Þre þinges he mot bi se.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 19094 His sone..Gie..demid als ge seluin wate.a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 5205 Here yhe may se stande Ierusalem..fra whethen þe crosse for yhow I bare.?c1450 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (Sion Coll. London) (1907) l. 1105 Wende we to þaime, if yhe [v.r. ȝhe] rede.?1507 Ballad of Kynd Kittok in W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen sig. b.v Drink with my guddame as ȝe ga by.1510 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 314/1 Wit zhe us to have made..oure lovit Alexander Andersoun..settar and sear of all skynnys.1611 Bible (King James) Gen. iii. 5 Yee shall bee as Gods.c1639 W. Mure Psalmes cxlviii. 9 in Wks. (1898) II. 229 Yea mountaines and yea hills.1722 R. Steele Conscious Lovers iv. ii. 55 Such a Husband soils with his Wife for a Month perhaps—then Good B'w'y' Madam—the Show's over.1774 O. Goldsmith Retaliation 135 Then what was his failing? come tell it, and burn ye, He was—could he help it?—a special attorney.1867 J. Harland & T. T. Wilkinson Lancs. Folk-lore 60 Let me gang wi' ye.1900 E. Phillpotts Sons of Morning 31 What about the thinking part of 'e?1924 L. Coutts Caul' Nor'-East 5 Aren't ee gaun tae the weddin?1989 W. N. Herbert in J. Hendry Chapman 55–6 94 Ur yi draain near, yi ancient bards? 2. Combined (sometimes in contracted form) with a preceding or following word (usually a verb). a. Proclitic or with enclitic verb (regional in later use) early Middle English ȝe-, early Middle English i-, late Middle English– y'-, 1500s 1800s– ye-, 1600s y-; English regional 1800s– yea- (Cumberland); Scottish pre-1700 ȝ'-, pre-1700 ȝei-, pre-1700 yee-, pre-1700 yei-, pre-1700 1700s– ye-, 1900s– ee-, 1900s– y-, 1900s– yi-. Frequently with contracted verbs, where an apostrophe is now standard.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 9006 Loc ȝiff ȝet [= ȝe itt] wilenn follȝhenn.a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Initio Creaturae (Vesp. A.xxii) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 223 Þanne beoð ȝiure eagen ȝeopened, and imugon [OE Cambr. Gg.3.28 ge magon] ȝecnowen eiȝðer god and euyl.1472–3 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 1st Roll §36. m. 20 Where ye, by your lettres patentes..of your grace especiall yave, graunted, remitted and released..to the said chaunceller and scolers and their successours [etc.].1568 Wyf of Auchtirmwchty l. 29 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 321 Ȝeis lay ane soft wisp to the kill.?1577 Misogonus i. iv, in R. W. Bond Early Plays from Ital. (1911) 24 Year a man by S Sampson ery length of a spare.a1585 Ld. Polwart Flyting with Montgomerie (Tullibardine) l. 804 Cappit knaif..ȝeis be knokit.1602 ( D. Lindsay Satyre (Charteris) sig. K4^v Sum sayis ȝ'ar [Bannatyne ȝe ar] ane fals Saracene, And sum sayis ȝe ar for certaine Diabolus incarnatus.a1612 W. Fowler Wks. (1914) I. 320 If this day yeil..come to sun your moulyie cunȝe..deuil tak that gronȝe.1631 R. Knevet Rhodon & Iris v. vi. sig. I3 An ample restitution, Of what y'have tane from her.1634 J. Ford Chron. Hist. Perkin Warbeck ii. sig. D^v Madam, yare passionate.1636 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae (ed. 4) 1150 Ye'r but a prentise at the pleugh.a1722 J. Lauder Jrnls. (1900) 44 Yeel sy great tries torn up by the roots.1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. i. 7 Ye might get religion, and that 'ud be the best day's earnings y'ever made.1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Yea's, you shall.a1917 E. C. Smith Braid Haaick (1927) 22 Let iz ken whan ee've hed the maitter throwe hands.?1992 J. Maley & W. Maley From Calton to Catalonia 23 Folk might think yiv gave birth tae three bags a flour an twinty odd tins a beans. b. Enclitic. 1600s–1700s -'e, 1600s–1700s -ee, 1700s– -'ee, 1800s– -'er (English regional (Cheshire)). 1611 G. Chapman May-day ii. i. 23 And how dee Sir?1632 R. Brome Northern Lasse i. ii If I interrupt you, hang me. Dee hear?a1640 J. Fletcher et al. Faire Maide of Inne iii. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Fffffff/2 De'e forsooth.1708 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais (1737) iv. lxiv. 261 Harkee me, dear Rogue!1746 Exmoor Courtship 27 No, es thankee, Cozen Magery.1775 R. B. Sheridan St. Patrick's Day i. i There's a discipline, look'ee in all things.a1876 E. Leigh Gloss. Words Dial. Cheshire (1877) 70 Wilt'er?..Wilt'ee?1892 ‘Q’ I saw Three Ships 14 Hav'ee seen her, Zeb?1937 D. L. Sayers in M. Halverson Relig. Drama I (1957) i. 307 But hark'ee—we're in disgrace with the Prior.2000 M. Barrowcliffe Girlfriend 44 v. 160 Berries on the branch before Michaelmas, no good'll come of it, I tell'ee.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian ī , gī (East Frisian (Saterland) jie ; on the forms in other modern varieties see note at you pron.), Old Dutch gi (Middle Dutch gi , ghi , Dutch gij , now archaic), Old Saxon gī , gi , ge (Middle Low German gī , gi ), Old High German ir (Middle High German ir , German ihr ), Old Icelandic ér , also (later) þér (Icelandic (honorific) þér ), Faroese (archaic) tær , Norwegian (Bokmål) †de , (Nynorsk) de (also as honorific), Old Swedish ī , īr (early modern Swedish i , Swedish ni , Swedish regional ir , er , eir ), Old Danish i (Danish I ), reflecting variants with analogical alteration of the stem vowel (after the first person plural forms: see we pron., n., and adj.) of a Germanic pronoun form reflected by Gothic jus , ultimately < the same Indo-European base as Lithuanian jūs , Old Avestan yūš (Avestan yūžəm ), and the Sanskrit nominative form yūyam (ultimately a remodelling of a base *yūs- by analogy with the first person plural pronoun); further connections with other Indo-European second person plural pronoun forms are very uncertain. The initial dental in Old Icelandic þér (and other Scandinavian forms) developed by metanalysis of the 2nd plural verbal endings -ið , -uð when immediately preceding the pronoun (compare similar forms cited at yit pron.); likewise, the modern standard Swedish form ni developed by metanalysis of the 2nd plural verbal ending -en . (The usual forms of the subjective case of the 2nd person plural pronoun in modern Icelandic, Faroese, and some regional varieties of Norwegian and Swedish are supplied by originally dual forms (see yit pron.).)For the full paradigm of the 2nd person pronoun in Old English see thou pron. and n.¹ Form history. In Northumbrian, Old English gē apparently undergoes raising (or possibly diphthongization) due to the preceding palatal (compare Northumbrian gīe , and perhaps also northern Middle English gie, yie at Forms 1), although the precise nature of this change is disputed (see R. M. Hogg Gram. Old Eng. (1992) I. §5.54). On unstressed forms see discussion at you pron., adj., and n. On the indistinguishability of the letters þ and y in certain (chiefly northern) Middle English (and Older Scots) scripts, and consequent problems of allocation of some Middle English and Older Scots quotations to this entry or thee pron. (compare branch A. II. at this entry and branch II. at thee pron.) see discussion at you pron. History of use of forms. Old English gē was restricted in usage to the nominative plural. On its use from early Middle English with singular reference (see A. 3) and from late Middle English as an object form (see A. II.) see discussion at you pron., adj., and n. On its replacement as the usual plural subject form in modern standard English by you pron. see again discussion at that entry. In many modern regional varieties reflexes of these uses which were innovated in Middle English can still be found, in addition to use as plural subject form.

A. pron. The subjective case of the second person plural pronoun. Now archaic or regional (esp. Irish English, Scottish, and English regional (northern)). See the etymological note at thou pron. and n.¹ and cf. you pron.

I. As subject.

1. With plural reference.

a. Used to address two or more persons, animals, or personified things.

ΚΠ

OE Beowulf (2008) 237 Hwæt syndon ge searohæbbendra?

OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 5 Þonne ge eow gebiddon ne beo ge swylce liceteras.

a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 19 (MED) Wandeð to me..ȝie ðe berð iwant fram me, ðurh dieules lare.

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 15 Ge herde wilche laȝe weren er crist wes iboren.

a1300 (?c1200) Prov. Alfred (Jesus Oxf.) (1955) 74 Wolde ye, mi leode, lusten eure louerde.

c1330 (a1250) Harrowing of Hell (Auch.) (1907) 142 (MED) Helle ȝates, y com ȝou to, now ich wil þat ȝe vndo.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. l. 1071 Thus be yee parted nou atuo.

1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) x. lxxx. sig. Iv My fayre felawes wete ye wel that I will torne vnto kynge Arthurs party.

a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 1 Good men and woymen, þys day, as ȝe knowen well, ys cleped Sonenday yn þe Aduent.

a1529 J. Skelton Poems against Garnesche in Poet Wks. (1843) I. 119 Cum Garnyche, cum Godfrey, with as many as ȝe may.

1591 E. Spenser Ruines of Rome in Complaints sig. R2^v Ye sacred ruines..Alas, by little ye to nothing flie, The peoples fable, and the spoyle of all.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) v. i. 34 Ye, that on the sands with printlesse foote Doe chase the ebbing-Neptune..and you, whose pastime Is to make midnight-Mushrumps.

1691 J. Dryden King Arthur iii. i. 27 Oh Counterpart Of our soft Sex; Well are ye made our Lords.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Aft How chear ye fore and aft? i.e. How fares all your Ships Company?

1798 W. Wordsworth We are Seven in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 111 Yet you are seven; I pray you tell Sweet Maid, how this may be?

1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. ii. 95 The King answered, Ye know not the reason wherefore I would kill the sage.

1895 S. R. Crockett Men of Moss-hags ii. 22 But ye shall all streek a tow for this.

1902 R. Bridges Poet. Wks. (1912) 372 They rode to war as if to the hunt, But ye at home, ye bore the brunt.

1986 T. Murphy Bailegangaire ii. 72 Aw Jasus, lads, ye have me killed.

1999 C. Creedon Passion Play xii. 89 We could have sworn ye were two steamers!

b. Defined or made precise by a qualifying word or phrase.See also ye gods! at god n. and int. Phrases 4d.

ΚΠ

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xvii. 164 Ge cnapan, hæbbe ge ænige syflinge begyten?

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 656 Ic wille þet ge ealle getiðe mine worde.

c1175 ( Ælfric's Homily on Nativity of Christ (Bodl. 343) in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 84 Ge men sceolen witen & wislice understonden for hwi..ȝe beoð isceapene.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 220 Ȝe ancres ahen þis leaste stucche..reden to ower wummen euche wike eanes.

?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 157 Hail be ȝe bakers witþ ȝur louis smale..Ȝe pincheþ on þe riȝt white aȝens g[o]ddes law.

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. viii. l. 62 Ȝe Legistres and lawyers ȝe witen wher I lyȝe.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xv. l. 333 Ȝe riche, ȝe robeth and fedeth Hem þat han as ȝe han.

a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iii. l. 1809 Ye sustren nyne.

1493 Festivall (1515) 164 Therfore (ye women)..haue not your visage popped ne your here pulled or crouled.

1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 3rd Serm. sig. Gi Ye brainsycke fooles, Ye hoddy peeckes, Ye doddy poules, ye huddes.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. ii. 84 Looke not to the ground, Ye fauourites of a King.

1674 R. Baxter Poor Man's Family Bk. ii. 105 Ye holy Angels bright, which stand before God's Throne.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 453 That Blood, those Murthers, O ye Gods replace On his own Head.

1730 J. Thomson Hymn on Seasons in Seasons 235 Ye woodlands all, awake.

1786 R. Burns Poems 29 Ye knights an' squires, Wha represent our Brughs an' Shires.

1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound iv. i. 151 Ye beasts and birds, Ye worms, and fish.

1885 ‘M. Field’ Father's Trag. i. iii. 23 Ye cursèd purchasers of manhood's fame!

1900 E. S. Brooks With Lawton & Roberts xvi. 225 ‘Find him, is it?’ cried the major. ‘Why, ye ijits! it's findin' Cronje I'm after orderin' ye!’

1941 R. Holt in J. F. Dobie et al. Texian Stomping Grounds 57 Come here, ye waddies, an' help the cookie git the wagon out of this river afore the beans..all get wet.

2009 N. Baker Anthologist i. 3 Don't chirp at me, ye birdies! I've had enough of that kind of chirpage.

2. Used after an imperative, with singular or plural reference. Cf. hark v. 2c.

ΚΠ

OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) x. 31 Ne ondræde ge, ge synt selran þonne manega spearuan.

OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) i. ii. 15 Gangað ge & his mid gode gebrucað, forþon ic þæs horses þearfe nabbe.

c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 34 Forȝife ȝe, and eow bið forȝifen.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 761 Ne cume ȝe neauer wid vten scipes bord, ær ich ou sende sutel word.

c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) xxi. 23 Ȝe þat douten our Lord, herieþ ȝe hym, alle þe sede of Jakob, glorifieþ hym.

c1400 T. Chestre Launfal 147 Thane seyde syr Launfal.., Tell ye no man of my poverte... The knyghtes answerede and seyde tho, That they nolde him wreye never mo.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 1096 Therefore go ye thidir..and brynge me redy worde what ys there.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. ix. 5 Go ye..thorow the cite, slaye, ouersee none, spare none.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 599/2 Be ye subiect to euerye creature for Gods cause... And agayne: Obey ye them that are made rulers ouer you. &c.

1593 M. Roydon in R. S. Phœnix Nest 3 Listen ye then to that insu'th, And heare a tale of teares and ruthe.

1675 True & Faithful Accompt 18 Proceed ye to prove the second Proposition, which R. B. hath denied.

1718 S. Centlivre Bold Stroke for Wife v. 65 Hark ye, Mrs Lovely, one Word with you.

1734 G. Sale tr. Koran iii. 47 Say, God is true: follow ye therefore the religion of Abraham the orthodox.

1832 Ld. Tennyson Death of Old Year in Poems (new ed.) 154 Toll ye the churchbell sad and slow.

1863 H. W. Longfellow Saga King Olaf in Tales Wayside Inn 102 Choose ye between two things, my folk.

1903 E. C. Waltz Pa Gladden viii. 195 Come ye, come ye, come ye! Dawn is near. Wake ye, wake ye, wake ye, and rejoice in light and love!

1977 Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o Petals of Blood ii. 16 And Jesus told them: Go ye unto the villages and dark places of the earth and light my lamp paraffined with the holy spirit.

2002 Observer 7 Apr. (Sport Monthly Suppl.) 28/4 A plaster ‘town-crier’ figure erupted into voice every five minutes. ‘Oyez, oyez! Hear ye! Hear ye!’ he would cry.

3. With singular reference.

a. Used instead of thou, originally as a mark of respect, deference, or formality (see the etymological note at you pron., adj., and n.).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun]

yea1225

my Lordc1300

seigniorc1330

squire1382

noblessec1390

lordship1394

grace1423

gentlenessc1425

magnificencec1425

noblenessc1425

greatness1473

worshipc1475

your mightinessa1500

excellency?1533

celsitude1535

altitude1543

Your Honour1551

sublimity1553

excellencea1592

captal1592

gentleperson1597

clemencya1600

gravity1618

grace1625

grandeur1632

eximiousness1648

professorship1656

prince1677

excellenceshipc1716

Graceship1804

seigniorship1823

valiancy1828

your seignorie1829

a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 31 (MED) Hwo is þat us muȝen sceawin ða gode ðe ȝe us behoteð?

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 1341 Sire emperour quaþ þe erl þo, ne be ȝe no so bolde.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 182 Ma dame, if ye wolde have rowthe.

1411 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1411 §13. m. 14 My lord..I knowe wele, that ye been of suche birthe, estate, and myghte, that [etc.].

1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 49 Saye that ye your self haue made the lettre.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xiv. 336 Good lord, ye created & made our fader Adam.

1516 in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1875) XII. 36/2 We with oure lauthfull service thankis ȝoure grace of the grete Regarde ȝe Beir to the weill..of our kingis gracis person.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. viii. sig. H^v The roiall Virgin..Him thus bespake..How shall I quite the paynes, ye suffer for my sake?

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) i. ii. 49 Iul. Will ye be gon? Lu. That you may ruminate.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew What d' ye lack, sir? What d' ye buy, madam?

c1730 A. Ramsay Eagle & Robin 45 Ze sing sae dull and ruch, Ze haif deivt our lugs.

1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 193 Now haud you there, ye're out o' sight.

1866 E. Lynn Linton Lizzie Lorton III. 159 Ye've dune summut ye're sorry for.

1872 Ld. Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 73 ‘Damsel,’ he said, ‘ye be not all to blame.’

1873 Oxfordshire Gloss. Ee..is a more refined word than thee... ‘Who did ee see up strit?’.. Ee is used to a superior, and not thee.

1919 H. A. Cody Touch of Abner xxv. 246 Ye can't afford to do sich a thing. If ye have any money to throw away ye'd better keep it fer that trial of yours.

1987 C. Reid Joyriders i. ii. 47/2 Sandra. Are ye goin' up to see her the night? Maureen. I might. Sandra. I'll come with ye if ye like.

1994 J. Kelman How Late it Was 18 Ye have to accept it; what else can ye do.

b. Defined or made precise by a qualifying word or phrase.

ΚΠ

?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) l. 91 in Shorter Poems (2003) 12 O Nature quene and O ȝe lusty May.

a1596 Sir Thomas More (1911) i. i. 11 Compell me, ye dogges face!

1599 G. Chapman Humerous Dayes Myrth sig. C2^v O ye impudent gossip.

1611 Bible (King James) Ezek. xliv. 6 O yee house of Israel, let it suffice you, of all your abominations.

1680 Revenge; or, Match in Newgate v. iii. 57 Dam ye for a Son of a Whore, how sneakingly do you beg—Remember the Poor—ye meeching Bitch.

1718 A. Ramsay Christ's-kirk on Green iii. 28 Ye's thole for this ye Scaul.

a1776 in D. Herd Anc. & Mod. Sc. Songs (1776) II. 167 Go, pack ye out at my chamber door, Ye little cutty-quean.

1814 W. Scott Waverley II. vii. 123 Ye doil'd dotard.

1842 J. Y. Akerman Wiltsh. Tales 83 Leave m' 'lone y' great gawney!

1880 J. E. Watt Poet. Sketches 62 Ye playfu', prankin', prattlin' thing, Wi' sunny locks an' gowden hair.

1900 Eng. Dial. Dict. II. 278/2 To a stray cow: ‘Come out o' that, ye old faggot.’

1969 A. Gray in Sc. International No. 8. 20 A little later the door opened and the dog entered again. ‘Ye brute!’ said Gordon.

1998 G. Linehan & A. Mathews Speed 3 (TV script, penultimate draft) in Father Ted (1999) 292/2 I've got a score to settle with you, ye baldy fecker.

II. As object.

4. With singular or plural reference.

a. Used instead of you as direct or indirect object, or as the object of a preposition.

ΚΠ

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 508 (margin) [Ne I ne desire no thyng for to haue Ne drede for to lese saue oonly thee] vel ye [Ellesmere thee (margin) vel yee, c1410 Harl. 7334 ȝe, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 thee; rhyme be].

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 86 Y preie ȝe seie ȝe to me.

?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature i. sig. Av^v We leaue ye here behynde.

1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido iv. iv For this will Dido tye ye full of knots,..Ye shall no more offend the Carthage Queene.

a1596 Sir Thomas More (1911) i. i. 110 He is in a good forwardnesse, I tell ye, if all hit right.

1624 W. Bedell Copies Certaine Lett. iv. 73 This no Protestant will grant yee.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 840 I..shall..bring ye to the place.

1673 J. Milton On New Forcers of Conscience in Poems (new ed.) 69 To..ride us with a classic Hierarchy Taught ye by meer A.S. and Rotherford.

1721 A. Ramsay Robert Richy & Sandy 18 I'll bear ye Company for Year and Day.

1786 R. Burns Poems 36 Now, ye chosen Five and Forty, May still your Mither's heart support ye.

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 18 There's saxpence t'ye to buy half a mutchkin.

1827 J. Keble Christian Year I. iv. 16 Ye, who your Lord's commission bear, His way of mercy to prepare: Angels He calls ye.

1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop ii. lxxii. 213 ‘Go thy ways with him, sir,’ cried the sexton, ‘and Heaven be with ye both!’

1866 E. Bulwer-Lytton Lost Tales Miletus 127 The morrow's sun shall light ye homeward both.

1900 Cornhill Mag. Sept. 313 'Tis a mortal sight o' taters as is here among ye.

1945 L. Lenski Strawberry Girl xi. 137 ‘He might a hit ye and hurted ye,’ said Pa.

1988 S. Barry Engine of Owl-light x. 184 Hell, Ali boy, there's always queers, I'm tellin ye.

b. As dative of interest: ‘for you’.

ΚΠ

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 349 I thought good to set ye downe this maner of taking vp of vaynes, bycause I haue vsed it my selfe.

1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 41 They have..laid ye down their hors load of citations and fathers at your dore.

1675 Woman turn'd Bully i. iii. 11 I'll buy ye the Seven Champions.

1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (new ed.) I. 112 Clout the auld, the new are dear..; Ae Pair may gain ye haff a Year.

1839 J. Snowe Rhine I. 320 Oil, and light, and food will last ye till your long toil be completed.

1896 R. Kipling Seven Seas 16 I have made ye a place and opened wide the doors.

1922 F. B. Linderman Lige Mounts 303 I 'low ye got enough of that life to last ye, ain't ye, Lige?

1982 K. E. Woodiwiss Rose in Winter 228 I can name ye a full dozen and more who were there!

†c. Used expletively (the so-called ‘ethic dative’). Cf. me pron.¹ 2d, you pron. 5e. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1667 R. L'Estrange tr. F. de Quevedo Visions i. 7 He comes ye laden forsooth with Letters of Recommendation.

1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 99 He shall gulp ye down the rankest Stinkibus with as good a Gusto, as a Teague does Usquebaugh.

1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. ii. xxiii. 267 He cannot make a handsome bow nor run ye off an elegant period.

B. n.

(An instance of) the word ye.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > pronoun > [noun] > personal pronoun > specific

thouc1400

yec1400

you1655

thee1657

royal we1821

OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 110 On ðam oðrum hade tu ðu and uos ge, þær ðær byð tospræc, þær mæg beon vocativvs.]

c1400 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 191 Persons..as ‘I’ and ‘þow’ and ‘he’ in þe singulere and ‘we’ and ‘ȝe’ and ‘þay’ in þe plurele.

?a1475 Promptorium Parvulorum (Winch.) (1908) 549 Ȝetyng, with worshyp seyng ȝe not þu, vosacio.

a1500 Prayer (Titus C.xix) in Middle Eng. Dict. (at cited word) I haue writen in the spekyng to God for reuerence ‘ȝe’ and ‘youres’.

1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. 61 Teach them..the persons in English, I, thou, he, we, yee, they.

1725 A. A. Sykes Ess. Truth Christian Relig. v. 88 Under the terms Ye and You must be contained All, at all times.

1796 J. B. Gilchrist Gram. Hindoostanee Lang. 227 I and me are perfectly analogous with the second person plural, having two forms for its nominative also, ye and you, although the last, has almost driven the first, from its true place.

1844 Proc. Philol. Soc. 1 286 At one time the two forms ye and you seem to have been near changing places in our language.

1892 H. Sweet Short Hist. Eng. Gram. 102 [In Early Modern English] the use of the ceremonious plural ye, you..became the usual polite form of address.

1922 W. F. Pendleton Ten Blessings 110 The disciples are mentioned four times as being included in the pronouns ye and you.

1992 G. M. Fraser Quartered Safe out Here p. xxi The Cumbrian, especially the countryman, will use ‘thou’..and ‘you’ or ‘ye’ indiscriminately.

2004 J. Case Murder Artist (2005) ii. 12 Everyone..holding forth in a semblance of Elizabethan English, with lots of yes and thees and thines.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	ye
释义	yepron.n. Brit. /jiː/, /ji/, U.S. /ji/, /jɪ/, Scottish English /ji/, /jɪ/, Irish English /jiː/, /jɪ/ Forms: 1. Old English gee (Northumbrian), Old English gi (Northumbrian, rare), Old English–Middle English ge, Old English (Northumbrian)–Middle English (East Anglian and northern) gie, late Old English–early Middle English geo, early Middle English ȝ (transmission error), early Middle English ȝeo (south-western), early Middle English hie (south-east midlands), early Middle English hye (south-eastern), early Middle English iye, early Middle English jȝe, early Middle English we (transmission error), Middle English ȝee, Middle English ghe, Middle English ȝhe, Middle English ȝhee, Middle English ȝie (chiefly East Anglian and south-east midlands), Middle English he (transmission error), Middle English ie, Middle English ihe, Middle English y (transmission error), Middle English yeȝ, Middle English yhe, Middle English yie (northern), Middle English ze (northern), Middle English–1500s ȝe, Middle English–1600s yee, Middle English– ye, late Middle English e (perhaps transmission error), 1700s y'; English regional 1800s yeh, 1800s– 'e, 1800s– ee, 1800s– 'ee, 1800s– ye'y (Yorkshire), 1900s– yee (northern); Scottish pre-1700 ȝea, pre-1700 ȝee, pre-1700 ȝei, pre-1700 ȝhe, pre-1700 ȝie, pre-1700 yea, pre-1700 yee, pre-1700 yhe, pre-1700 yie, pre-1700 1700s ȝe, pre-1700 1700s– ye, 1800s 'e, 1800s– ee, 1800s– 'ee, 1800s– y', 1900s– yi, 1900s– yih. OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. v. 13 Uos estis sal terrae : gee sint salt eorðes.OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke xvi. 15 Uos estis qui iustificatis uos coram hominibus : gie sindon ða ðe gie soðfæstigeð iuih foræ monnum.OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 5 Ne beo ge swylce liceteras.lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 656 Þet ge beon witnesse & þet geo hit write mid iure fingre.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1118 Hu ȝe muȝhenn lakenn godd.a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 143 Nu ȝie habbeð iherd þes wimmanes name.a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Initio Creaturae (Vesp. A.xxii) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 217 Þenche ȝie ælc word of him swete.a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 127 Ge ne beoð ne alesde of deofles anwalde mid golde ne mid seolure.c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 216 Hye habbet to gode i offred of yure selure.a1325 (?c1300) Northern Passion (Cambr. Gg.1.1) l. 153 Wol iye yeue me mede And to Iesu ich wol you lede?c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 9360 Louerdinges jȝe wute wel þat wo so wole do such þing Þre þinges he mot bi se.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 19094 His sone..Gie..demid als ge seluin wate.a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 5205 Here yhe may se stande Ierusalem..fra whethen þe crosse for yhow I bare.?c1450 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (Sion Coll. London) (1907) l. 1105 Wende we to þaime, if yhe [v.r. ȝhe] rede.?1507 Ballad of Kynd Kittok in W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen sig. b.v Drink with my guddame as ȝe ga by.1510 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 314/1 Wit zhe us to have made..oure lovit Alexander Andersoun..settar and sear of all skynnys.1611 Bible (King James) Gen. iii. 5 Yee shall bee as Gods.c1639 W. Mure Psalmes cxlviii. 9 in Wks. (1898) II. 229 Yea mountaines and yea hills.1722 R. Steele Conscious Lovers iv. ii. 55 Such a Husband soils with his Wife for a Month perhaps—then Good B'w'y' Madam—the Show's over.1774 O. Goldsmith Retaliation 135 Then what was his failing? come tell it, and burn ye, He was—could he help it?—a special attorney.1867 J. Harland & T. T. Wilkinson Lancs. Folk-lore 60 Let me gang wi' ye.1900 E. Phillpotts Sons of Morning 31 What about the thinking part of 'e?1924 L. Coutts Caul' Nor'-East 5 Aren't ee gaun tae the weddin?1989 W. N. Herbert in J. Hendry Chapman 55–6 94 Ur yi draain near, yi ancient bards? 2. Combined (sometimes in contracted form) with a preceding or following word (usually a verb). a. Proclitic or with enclitic verb (regional in later use) early Middle English ȝe-, early Middle English i-, late Middle English– y'-, 1500s 1800s– ye-, 1600s y-; English regional 1800s– yea- (Cumberland); Scottish pre-1700 ȝ'-, pre-1700 ȝei-, pre-1700 yee-, pre-1700 yei-, pre-1700 1700s– ye-, 1900s– ee-, 1900s– y-, 1900s– yi-. Frequently with contracted verbs, where an apostrophe is now standard.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 9006 Loc ȝiff ȝet [= ȝe itt] wilenn follȝhenn.a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Initio Creaturae (Vesp. A.xxii) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 223 Þanne beoð ȝiure eagen ȝeopened, and imugon [OE Cambr. Gg.3.28 ge magon] ȝecnowen eiȝðer god and euyl.1472–3 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 1st Roll §36. m. 20 Where ye, by your lettres patentes..of your grace especiall yave, graunted, remitted and released..to the said chaunceller and scolers and their successours [etc.].1568 Wyf of Auchtirmwchty l. 29 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 321 Ȝeis lay ane soft wisp to the kill.?1577 Misogonus i. iv, in R. W. Bond Early Plays from Ital. (1911) 24 Year a man by S Sampson ery length of a spare.a1585 Ld. Polwart Flyting with Montgomerie (Tullibardine) l. 804 Cappit knaif..ȝeis be knokit.1602 ( D. Lindsay Satyre (Charteris) sig. K4^v Sum sayis ȝ'ar [Bannatyne ȝe ar] ane fals Saracene, And sum sayis ȝe ar for certaine Diabolus incarnatus.a1612 W. Fowler Wks. (1914) I. 320 If this day yeil..come to sun your moulyie cunȝe..deuil tak that gronȝe.1631 R. Knevet Rhodon & Iris v. vi. sig. I3 An ample restitution, Of what y'have tane from her.1634 J. Ford Chron. Hist. Perkin Warbeck ii. sig. D^v Madam, yare passionate.1636 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae (ed. 4) 1150 Ye'r but a prentise at the pleugh.a1722 J. Lauder Jrnls. (1900) 44 Yeel sy great tries torn up by the roots.1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. i. 7 Ye might get religion, and that 'ud be the best day's earnings y'ever made.1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Yea's, you shall.a1917 E. C. Smith Braid Haaick (1927) 22 Let iz ken whan ee've hed the maitter throwe hands.?1992 J. Maley & W. Maley From Calton to Catalonia 23 Folk might think yiv gave birth tae three bags a flour an twinty odd tins a beans. b. Enclitic. 1600s–1700s -'e, 1600s–1700s -ee, 1700s– -'ee, 1800s– -'er (English regional (Cheshire)). 1611 G. Chapman May-day ii. i. 23 And how dee Sir?1632 R. Brome Northern Lasse i. ii If I interrupt you, hang me. Dee hear?a1640 J. Fletcher et al. Faire Maide of Inne iii. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Fffffff/2 De'e forsooth.1708 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais (1737) iv. lxiv. 261 Harkee me, dear Rogue!1746 Exmoor Courtship 27 No, es thankee, Cozen Magery.1775 R. B. Sheridan St. Patrick's Day i. i There's a discipline, look'ee in all things.a1876 E. Leigh Gloss. Words Dial. Cheshire (1877) 70 Wilt'er?..Wilt'ee?1892 ‘Q’ I saw Three Ships 14 Hav'ee seen her, Zeb?1937 D. L. Sayers in M. Halverson Relig. Drama I (1957) i. 307 But hark'ee—we're in disgrace with the Prior.2000 M. Barrowcliffe Girlfriend 44 v. 160 Berries on the branch before Michaelmas, no good'll come of it, I tell'ee. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian ī , gī (East Frisian (Saterland) jie ; on the forms in other modern varieties see note at you pron.), Old Dutch gi (Middle Dutch gi , ghi , Dutch gij , now archaic), Old Saxon gī , gi , ge (Middle Low German gī , gi ), Old High German ir (Middle High German ir , German ihr ), Old Icelandic ér , also (later) þér (Icelandic (honorific) þér ), Faroese (archaic) tær , Norwegian (Bokmål) †de , (Nynorsk) de (also as honorific), Old Swedish ī , īr (early modern Swedish i , Swedish ni , Swedish regional ir , er , eir ), Old Danish i (Danish I ), reflecting variants with analogical alteration of the stem vowel (after the first person plural forms: see we pron., n., and adj.) of a Germanic pronoun form reflected by Gothic jus , ultimately < the same Indo-European base as Lithuanian jūs , Old Avestan yūš (Avestan yūžəm ), and the Sanskrit nominative form yūyam (ultimately a remodelling of a base yūs- by analogy with the first person plural pronoun); further connections with other Indo-European second person plural pronoun forms are very uncertain. The initial dental in Old Icelandic þér* (and other Scandinavian forms) developed by metanalysis of the 2nd plural verbal endings -ið , -uð when immediately preceding the pronoun (compare similar forms cited at yit pron.); likewise, the modern standard Swedish form ni developed by metanalysis of the 2nd plural verbal ending -en . (The usual forms of the subjective case of the 2nd person plural pronoun in modern Icelandic, Faroese, and some regional varieties of Norwegian and Swedish are supplied by originally dual forms (see yit pron.).)For the full paradigm of the 2nd person pronoun in Old English see thou pron. and n.¹ Form history. In Northumbrian, Old English gē apparently undergoes raising (or possibly diphthongization) due to the preceding palatal (compare Northumbrian gīe , and perhaps also northern Middle English gie, yie at Forms 1), although the precise nature of this change is disputed (see R. M. Hogg Gram. Old Eng. (1992) I. §5.54). On unstressed forms see discussion at you pron., adj., and n. On the indistinguishability of the letters þ and y in certain (chiefly northern) Middle English (and Older Scots) scripts, and consequent problems of allocation of some Middle English and Older Scots quotations to this entry or thee pron. (compare branch A. II. at this entry and branch II. at thee pron.) see discussion at you pron. History of use of forms. Old English gē was restricted in usage to the nominative plural. On its use from early Middle English with singular reference (see A. 3) and from late Middle English as an object form (see A. II.) see discussion at you pron., adj., and n. On its replacement as the usual plural subject form in modern standard English by you pron. see again discussion at that entry. In many modern regional varieties reflexes of these uses which were innovated in Middle English can still be found, in addition to use as plural subject form. A. pron. The subjective case of the second person plural pronoun. Now archaic or regional (esp. Irish English, Scottish, and English regional (northern)). See the etymological note at thou pron. and n.¹ and cf. you pron. I. As subject. 1. With plural reference. a. Used to address two or more persons, animals, or personified things. ΚΠ OE Beowulf (2008) 237 Hwæt syndon ge searohæbbendra? OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 5 Þonne ge eow gebiddon ne beo ge swylce liceteras. a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 19 (MED) Wandeð to me..ȝie ðe berð iwant fram me, ðurh dieules lare. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 15 Ge herde wilche laȝe weren er crist wes iboren. a1300 (?c1200) Prov. Alfred (Jesus Oxf.) (1955) 74 Wolde ye, mi leode, lusten eure louerde. c1330 (a1250) Harrowing of Hell (Auch.) (1907) 142 (MED) Helle ȝates, y com ȝou to, now ich wil þat ȝe vndo. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. l. 1071 Thus be yee parted nou atuo. 1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) x. lxxx. sig. Iv My fayre felawes wete ye wel that I will torne vnto kynge Arthurs party. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 1 Good men and woymen, þys day, as ȝe knowen well, ys cleped Sonenday yn þe Aduent. a1529 J. Skelton Poems against Garnesche in Poet Wks. (1843) I. 119 Cum Garnyche, cum Godfrey, with as many as ȝe may. 1591 E. Spenser Ruines of Rome in Complaints sig. R2^v Ye sacred ruines..Alas, by little ye to nothing flie, The peoples fable, and the spoyle of all. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) v. i. 34 Ye, that on the sands with printlesse foote Doe chase the ebbing-Neptune..and you, whose pastime Is to make midnight-Mushrumps. 1691 J. Dryden King Arthur iii. i. 27 Oh Counterpart Of our soft Sex; Well are ye made our Lords. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Aft How chear ye fore and aft? i.e. How fares all your Ships Company? 1798 W. Wordsworth We are Seven in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 111 Yet you are seven; I pray you tell Sweet Maid, how this may be? 1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. ii. 95 The King answered, Ye know not the reason wherefore I would kill the sage. 1895 S. R. Crockett Men of Moss-hags ii. 22 But ye shall all streek a tow for this. 1902 R. Bridges Poet. Wks. (1912) 372 They rode to war as if to the hunt, But ye at home, ye bore the brunt. 1986 T. Murphy Bailegangaire ii. 72 Aw Jasus, lads, ye have me killed. 1999 C. Creedon Passion Play xii. 89 We could have sworn ye were two steamers! b. Defined or made precise by a qualifying word or phrase.See also ye gods! at god n. and int. Phrases 4d. ΚΠ OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xvii. 164 Ge cnapan, hæbbe ge ænige syflinge begyten? lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 656 Ic wille þet ge ealle getiðe mine worde. c1175 ( Ælfric's Homily on Nativity of Christ (Bodl. 343) in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 84 Ge men sceolen witen & wislice understonden for hwi..ȝe beoð isceapene. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 220 Ȝe ancres ahen þis leaste stucche..reden to ower wummen euche wike eanes. ?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 157 Hail be ȝe bakers witþ ȝur louis smale..Ȝe pincheþ on þe riȝt white aȝens g[o]ddes law. c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. viii. l. 62 Ȝe Legistres and lawyers ȝe witen wher I lyȝe. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xv. l. 333 Ȝe riche, ȝe robeth and fedeth Hem þat han as ȝe han. a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iii. l. 1809 Ye sustren nyne. 1493 Festivall (1515) 164 Therfore (ye women)..haue not your visage popped ne your here pulled or crouled. 1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 3rd Serm. sig. Gi Ye brainsycke fooles, Ye hoddy peeckes, Ye doddy poules, ye huddes. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. ii. 84 Looke not to the ground, Ye fauourites of a King. View more context for this quotation 1674 R. Baxter Poor Man's Family Bk. ii. 105 Ye holy Angels bright, which stand before God's Throne. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 453 That Blood, those Murthers, O ye Gods replace On his own Head. 1730 J. Thomson Hymn on Seasons in Seasons 235 Ye woodlands all, awake. 1786 R. Burns Poems 29 Ye knights an' squires, Wha represent our Brughs an' Shires. 1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound iv. i. 151 Ye beasts and birds, Ye worms, and fish. 1885 ‘M. Field’ Father's Trag. i. iii. 23 Ye cursèd purchasers of manhood's fame! 1900 E. S. Brooks With Lawton & Roberts xvi. 225 ‘Find him, is it?’ cried the major. ‘Why, ye ijits! it's findin' Cronje I'm after orderin' ye!’ 1941 R. Holt in J. F. Dobie et al. Texian Stomping Grounds 57 Come here, ye waddies, an' help the cookie git the wagon out of this river afore the beans..all get wet. 2009 N. Baker Anthologist i. 3 Don't chirp at me, ye birdies! I've had enough of that kind of chirpage. 2. Used after an imperative, with singular or plural reference. Cf. hark v. 2c. ΚΠ OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) x. 31 Ne ondræde ge, ge synt selran þonne manega spearuan. OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) i. ii. 15 Gangað ge & his mid gode gebrucað, forþon ic þæs horses þearfe nabbe. c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 34 Forȝife ȝe, and eow bið forȝifen. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 761 Ne cume ȝe neauer wid vten scipes bord, ær ich ou sende sutel word. c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) xxi. 23 Ȝe þat douten our Lord, herieþ ȝe hym, alle þe sede of Jakob, glorifieþ hym. c1400 T. Chestre Launfal 147 Thane seyde syr Launfal.., Tell ye no man of my poverte... The knyghtes answerede and seyde tho, That they nolde him wreye never mo. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 1096 Therefore go ye thidir..and brynge me redy worde what ys there. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. ix. 5 Go ye..thorow the cite, slaye, ouersee none, spare none. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 599/2 Be ye subiect to euerye creature for Gods cause... And agayne: Obey ye them that are made rulers ouer you. &c. 1593 M. Roydon in R. S. Phœnix Nest 3 Listen ye then to that insu'th, And heare a tale of teares and ruthe. 1675 True & Faithful Accompt 18 Proceed ye to prove the second Proposition, which R. B. hath denied. 1718 S. Centlivre Bold Stroke for Wife v. 65 Hark ye, Mrs Lovely, one Word with you. 1734 G. Sale tr. Koran iii. 47 Say, God is true: follow ye therefore the religion of Abraham the orthodox. 1832 Ld. Tennyson Death of Old Year in Poems (new ed.) 154 Toll ye the churchbell sad and slow. 1863 H. W. Longfellow Saga King Olaf in Tales Wayside Inn 102 Choose ye between two things, my folk. 1903 E. C. Waltz Pa Gladden viii. 195 Come ye, come ye, come ye! Dawn is near. Wake ye, wake ye, wake ye, and rejoice in light and love! 1977 Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o Petals of Blood ii. 16 And Jesus told them: Go ye unto the villages and dark places of the earth and light my lamp paraffined with the holy spirit. 2002 Observer 7 Apr. (Sport Monthly Suppl.) 28/4 A plaster ‘town-crier’ figure erupted into voice every five minutes. ‘Oyez, oyez! Hear ye! Hear ye!’ he would cry. 3. With singular reference. a. Used instead of thou, originally as a mark of respect, deference, or formality (see the etymological note at you pron., adj., and n.). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] yea1225 my Lordc1300 seigniorc1330 squire1382 noblessec1390 lordship1394 grace1423 gentlenessc1425 magnificencec1425 noblenessc1425 greatness1473 worshipc1475 your mightinessa1500 excellency?1533 celsitude1535 altitude1543 Your Honour1551 sublimity1553 excellencea1592 captal1592 gentleperson1597 clemencya1600 gravity1618 grace1625 grandeur1632 eximiousness1648 professorship1656 prince1677 excellenceshipc1716 Graceship1804 seigniorship1823 valiancy1828 your seignorie1829 a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 31 (MED) Hwo is þat us muȝen sceawin ða gode ðe ȝe us behoteð? c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 1341 Sire emperour quaþ þe erl þo, ne be ȝe no so bolde. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 182 Ma dame, if ye wolde have rowthe. 1411 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1411 §13. m. 14 My lord..I knowe wele, that ye been of suche birthe, estate, and myghte, that [etc.]. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 49 Saye that ye your self haue made the lettre. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xiv. 336 Good lord, ye created & made our fader Adam. 1516 in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1875) XII. 36/2 We with oure lauthfull service thankis ȝoure grace of the grete Regarde ȝe Beir to the weill..of our kingis gracis person. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. viii. sig. H^v The roiall Virgin..Him thus bespake..How shall I quite the paynes, ye suffer for my sake? a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) i. ii. 49 Iul. Will ye be gon? Lu. That you may ruminate. View more context for this quotation 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew What d' ye lack, sir? What d' ye buy, madam? c1730 A. Ramsay Eagle & Robin 45 Ze sing sae dull and ruch, Ze haif deivt our lugs. 1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 193 Now haud you there, ye're out o' sight. 1866 E. Lynn Linton Lizzie Lorton III. 159 Ye've dune summut ye're sorry for. 1872 Ld. Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 73 ‘Damsel,’ he said, ‘ye be not all to blame.’ 1873 Oxfordshire Gloss. Ee..is a more refined word than thee... ‘Who did ee see up strit?’.. Ee is used to a superior, and not thee. 1919 H. A. Cody Touch of Abner xxv. 246 Ye can't afford to do sich a thing. If ye have any money to throw away ye'd better keep it fer that trial of yours. 1987 C. Reid Joyriders i. ii. 47/2 Sandra. Are ye goin' up to see her the night? Maureen. I might. Sandra. I'll come with ye if ye like. 1994 J. Kelman How Late it Was 18 Ye have to accept it; what else can ye do. b. Defined or made precise by a qualifying word or phrase. ΚΠ ?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) l. 91 in Shorter Poems (2003) 12 O Nature quene and O ȝe lusty May. a1596 Sir Thomas More (1911) i. i. 11 Compell me, ye dogges face! 1599 G. Chapman Humerous Dayes Myrth sig. C2^v O ye impudent gossip. 1611 Bible (King James) Ezek. xliv. 6 O yee house of Israel, let it suffice you, of all your abominations. View more context for this quotation 1680 Revenge; or, Match in Newgate v. iii. 57 Dam ye for a Son of a Whore, how sneakingly do you beg—Remember the Poor—ye meeching Bitch. 1718 A. Ramsay Christ's-kirk on Green iii. 28 Ye's thole for this ye Scaul. a1776 in D. Herd Anc. & Mod. Sc. Songs (1776) II. 167 Go, pack ye out at my chamber door, Ye little cutty-quean. 1814 W. Scott Waverley II. vii. 123 Ye doil'd dotard. View more context for this quotation 1842 J. Y. Akerman Wiltsh. Tales 83 Leave m' 'lone y' great gawney! 1880 J. E. Watt Poet. Sketches 62 Ye playfu', prankin', prattlin' thing, Wi' sunny locks an' gowden hair. 1900 Eng. Dial. Dict. II. 278/2 To a stray cow: ‘Come out o' that, ye old faggot.’ 1969 A. Gray in Sc. International No. 8. 20 A little later the door opened and the dog entered again. ‘Ye brute!’ said Gordon. 1998 G. Linehan & A. Mathews Speed 3 (TV script, penultimate draft) in Father Ted (1999) 292/2 I've got a score to settle with you, ye baldy fecker. II. As object. 4. With singular or plural reference. a. Used instead of you as direct or indirect object, or as the object of a preposition. ΚΠ c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 508 (margin) [Ne I ne desire no thyng for to haue Ne drede for to lese saue oonly thee] vel ye [Ellesmere thee (margin) vel yee, c1410 Harl. 7334 ȝe, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 thee; rhyme be]. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 86 Y preie ȝe seie ȝe to me. ?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature i. sig. Av^v We leaue ye here behynde. 1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido iv. iv For this will Dido tye ye full of knots,..Ye shall no more offend the Carthage Queene. a1596 Sir Thomas More (1911) i. i. 110 He is in a good forwardnesse, I tell ye, if all hit right. 1624 W. Bedell Copies Certaine Lett. iv. 73 This no Protestant will grant yee. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 840 I..shall..bring ye to the place. View more context for this quotation 1673 J. Milton On New Forcers of Conscience in Poems (new ed.) 69 To..ride us with a classic Hierarchy Taught ye by meer A.S. and Rotherford. 1721 A. Ramsay Robert Richy & Sandy 18 I'll bear ye Company for Year and Day. 1786 R. Burns Poems 36 Now, ye chosen Five and Forty, May still your Mither's heart support ye. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 18 There's saxpence t'ye to buy half a mutchkin. 1827 J. Keble Christian Year I. iv. 16 Ye, who your Lord's commission bear, His way of mercy to prepare: Angels He calls ye. 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop ii. lxxii. 213 ‘Go thy ways with him, sir,’ cried the sexton, ‘and Heaven be with ye both!’ 1866 E. Bulwer-Lytton Lost Tales Miletus 127 The morrow's sun shall light ye homeward both. 1900 Cornhill Mag. Sept. 313 'Tis a mortal sight o' taters as is here among ye. 1945 L. Lenski Strawberry Girl xi. 137 ‘He might a hit ye and hurted ye,’ said Pa. 1988 S. Barry Engine of Owl-light x. 184 Hell, Ali boy, there's always queers, I'm tellin ye. b. As dative of interest: ‘for you’. ΚΠ 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 349 I thought good to set ye downe this maner of taking vp of vaynes, bycause I haue vsed it my selfe. 1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 41 They have..laid ye down their hors load of citations and fathers at your dore. 1675 Woman turn'd Bully i. iii. 11 I'll buy ye the Seven Champions. 1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (new ed.) I. 112 Clout the auld, the new are dear..; Ae Pair may gain ye haff a Year. 1839 J. Snowe Rhine I. 320 Oil, and light, and food will last ye till your long toil be completed. 1896 R. Kipling Seven Seas 16 I have made ye a place and opened wide the doors. 1922 F. B. Linderman Lige Mounts 303 I 'low ye got enough of that life to last ye, ain't ye, Lige? 1982 K. E. Woodiwiss Rose in Winter 228 I can name ye a full dozen and more who were there! †c. Used expletively (the so-called ‘ethic dative’). Cf. me pron.¹ 2d, you pron. 5e. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1667 R. L'Estrange tr. F. de Quevedo Visions i. 7 He comes ye laden forsooth with Letters of Recommendation. 1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 99 He shall gulp ye down the rankest Stinkibus with as good a Gusto, as a Teague does Usquebaugh. 1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. ii. xxiii. 267 He cannot make a handsome bow nor run ye off an elegant period. B. n. (An instance of) the word ye. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > pronoun > [noun] > personal pronoun > specific thouc1400 yec1400 you1655 thee1657 royal we1821 OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 110 On ðam oðrum hade tu ðu and uos ge, þær ðær byð tospræc, þær mæg beon vocativvs.] c1400 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 191 Persons..as ‘I’ and ‘þow’ and ‘he’ in þe singulere and ‘we’ and ‘ȝe’ and ‘þay’ in þe plurele. ?a1475 Promptorium Parvulorum (Winch.) (1908) 549 Ȝetyng, with worshyp seyng ȝe not þu, vosacio. a1500 Prayer (Titus C.xix) in Middle Eng. Dict. (at cited word) I haue writen in the spekyng to God for reuerence ‘ȝe’ and ‘youres’. 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. 61 Teach them..the persons in English, I, thou, he, we, yee, they. 1725 A. A. Sykes Ess. Truth Christian Relig. v. 88 Under the terms Ye and You must be contained All, at all times. 1796 J. B. Gilchrist Gram. Hindoostanee Lang. 227 I and me are perfectly analogous with the second person plural, having two forms for its nominative also, ye and you, although the last, has almost driven the first, from its true place. 1844 Proc. Philol. Soc. 1 286 At one time the two forms ye and you seem to have been near changing places in our language. 1892 H. Sweet Short Hist. Eng. Gram. 102 [In Early Modern English] the use of the ceremonious plural ye, you..became the usual polite form of address. 1922 W. F. Pendleton Ten Blessings 110 The disciples are mentioned four times as being included in the pronouns ye and you. 1992 G. M. Fraser Quartered Safe out Here p. xxi The Cumbrian, especially the countryman, will use ‘thou’..and ‘you’ or ‘ye’ indiscriminately. 2004 J. Case Murder Artist (2005) ii. 12 Everyone..holding forth in a semblance of Elizabethan English, with lots of yes and thees and thines. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † yev. Forms: late Middle English ȝe, 1500s ye. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ye pron. Etymology: < ye pron. Compare yeet v. Obsolete. transitive. To address (a person) by the pronoun ye instead of thou. Cf. thou v., yeet v. ΘΠ the mind > language > speech > conversation > addressing or speaking to > speak to or address [verb (transitive)] > in a specific way thoua1425 thowt1440 yeet1440 ye1483 boy1573 uncle1597 goodfellow1628 thee1657 fellow1665 tutoyer1697 honour1726 pa1823 good man1846 old boy1867 tom1897 1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 426 To ȝe, vosare jn plurali numero vos vestrum vel tibi [perh. read vobis]. 1511 Promptorium Parvulorum (de Worde) sig. M.iii^v/2 Yeyn [1440 Harl. 221 ȝeetyn] or sey ye with worshyp, viso. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † yeconj.adv. Forms: Old English ge, Middle English ȝe, Middle English Orm. ȝa. Etymology: Old English ge, corresponding in use to Old Saxon ge, gi(e, gia, and ja, Old High German ja and jauh, joh, jouh (Middle High German ja, joch, jouch), Gothic jah. Obsolete. And; also, too. ȝe…ȝe (or and): both…and; as well…as. ΚΠ 900–30 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker MS.) an. 835 [He] þær gefliemde ge þa Walas ge þa Deniscan. OE Cynewulf Crist II 846 Þonne herga fruma, æþelinga ord, eallum demeð, leofum ge laðum, lean æfter ryhte, þeoda gehwylcre. OE Beowulf 1864 Ge wið feond ge wið freond. c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 204 Her sint tacn aheardodre lifre ge on þam læppum & healocum & filmenum. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 103 Ðeos sunne fordeð eiðer ȝe saule ȝe lichoma. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 846 He turrnde mikell follc till godd Ȝa læwedd follc. ȝa læredd. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2020). > as lemmas Y.E. Y.E. n. Your Excellency. Π 1870 Weekly Standard (Buenos Aires) 9 Mar. 14/2 I beg to communicate to Y.E. the following despatch of Gen. Camara. 1945 G. Cunningham Let. 27 Nov. in N. Mitchell Sir George Cunningham (1968) v. 117 I feel terribly for Y.E. and for Claude A. in this. extracted from Yn. < pron.n.OEv.1483conj.adv.900 as lemmas
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yepron.n.

† yev.

† yeconj.adv.

> as lemmas